Clearly, math ain't your forte neither is basic data comprehension.
"As of 2016, about 121 million households in India belonged to the middle-income bracket earning a gross annual income between 7,700 and 15,400 U.S. dollars. This figure is expected to grow up to 140 million households by 2025, thus making India's middle class a large entity of the total population in terms of wealth and standard of living. "
So, actual middle class is significantly less, now please do some basic math and realize how stupid is to compare a 121 millions earning $10,000 and $320 million earning over $60,000.
And clearly you prefer being dazzled by some unscientific absolute numbers and don't prefer thinking at systemic, holistic level.
1. Where did you find that number of 121 middle class households in India ?
2. Even if that number is correct you should account for the number of individuals in each of those households. So it will be four or five members each. In some families more than one vehicle will be present. For example, two two-wheelers and one car.
3. Many consumer items will be less expensive in India than in USA. For example, cars and motorcycles. Many of these items will be produced mostly or largely assembled in India leading to being cheap for purchase by the middle class. It's not like the middle class families in India will import these vehicles from USA or Japan. Suzuki has plants in India, yes ? So have Mahindra and Tata.
4. A simple Google search brought this :
At the end of the 2018–19 financial year, Bangalore had more than 80 lakh vehicles registered in the city, the most in India after Delhi.
So eight million vehicles in Bangalore, most of them privately-owned personal transport, and a large section of these owned by the middle class, accounts for a large level of pollution. How does it matter here if the Indian middle class earns less than the American population ?
5. That point from your italicized text about improved standard of living among the Indian middle class by 2025... The idea of standard of living among a lot of Indians, especially the right-wing-adoring middle class is strange. 40-inch LED TV inside the house but total chaos, garbage, pollution, non-aestheticness and general disharmony outside in the city.
You didn't take into account the demand of rare metals (which India lacks btw). The pollution in production and disposal of batteries.
But I was referring to a new type of battery that does not use rare metals. Please refer back to NDB in my previous post.
And last but not least, the trillions of dollars require to replace an entire sector of economy.
Which sector and why will it take so much money ?
Some kind of armaments are necessary for survival.
Some kind yes, for border security and police, but becoming the world's second largest importer is an overkill. In fact, pandering to the childish, war-mongering tendencies of the three service chiefs while civilians within the country are dying of hunger and remain blind and die of other treatable ailments... What does one say about this ?
A good number of cities already heavily depend on public transport.
Not enough. According to
this report Bombay is the 4th ranked city in the world to be traffic-congested among a top ten.
Also, for Delhi
"On average, across the urban airshed of the Greater Delhi, to the annual average PM2.5 concentrations
- Vehicle exhaust is responsible for up to 30%
- Biomass burning (including seasonal open fires, cooking, and heating) is responsible for up to 20%
- Industries are responsible for up to 20%
- Soil and road dust is responsible for up to 15%
- Diesel generators are responsible for up to 15%
- Open waste burning is responsible for up to 15%
- Power plants are responsible for up to 5%
- Outside the urban airshed is responsible for up to 20%
(sum is not 100% – this is an upper estimate for all the sources)"
So, actually waste burning cause more pollution than vehicles, biomass burning alone accounts for staggering 20%. Pollution control needs to work much more on this aspect rather than throwing billions into new, semi-proven techs.
1. "Semi-proven techs" like what ? So what is
your solution to this ? So no immediate-term research should occur ?
2. My immediate points as to the solutions for your listed pollution sources are : Ban on privately-owned personal transport vehicles, NDB battery, Vertical Farming, general Urban Farming, on-demand 3D Printing of items, insistence on two-storey 3D Printed houses with compulsory garden, re-greening of neighborhoods, and commercial areas and ban on fireworks.
3. From the above linked report :
New Delhi takes the 8th spot this year with 56% congestion level (extra travel time stuck in traffic).On an average, Delhiites driving during peak hours spend an extra 190 hours, i.e., 7 days, 22 hours in traffic each year.
So your listed 30 percent pollution level from vehicular traffic in Delhi is still quite large.
