Can someone explain this???

[SpArK]

I am preparing for IIT lolz

I am preparing chicken curry.

 

[Daedalus]

Resume : Electronic Design Engineer VLSI/ ASIC/ EMBEDDED, Chennai, 3.6 yrs exp.


Why you are sharing things related to ANUPMA microprocessor???

Cause this is the one processor we are sure of. There is very little available online about the migacore.

I am preparing chicken curry.

 

[jarves]

@Srinivas ,leave it mate i think its too diificult for me understand these things.
Thanks for replying

 

[Srinivas]

@Srinivas ,leave it mate i think its too diificult for me understand these things.
Thanks for replying

No need to worry !!

Let me explain in simple terms ....... ,

 

[kurup]

From DRDO's own website about achievements ANURAG (Advanced Numerical Research & Analysis Group)


Parallel Processing Technology

Parallel processing technology has been widely used to develop High Performance Computers. ANURAG has used this technology to develop parallel computers. These systems have been built using VME-bus based Pentium processor boards, ATM switches and Reflective Memory communication hardware. Configurations up to 128-nodes have been developed. Such system can be used to solve computation of intensive applications such as Aircraft design, Weather forecasting, Molecular biology etc. A 128-node PACE++ system, built using Pentium processor based VME boards installed at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore was dedicated to the nation by his Excellency, the President of India, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam in January 2004. The performance of this system is 50 Gigaflops (sustained performance). At present work is in progress on parallel processing system based on Linux clusters targetted to deliver 1 Tera FLOPS performance.

General Purpose Microprocessors

ANURAG has designed and developed general-purpose microprocessors. ANUPAMA is a 32-bit RISC processor. ANUPAMA works at 33 MHz clock speed. The complete software development tool kit consisting of C compiler, assembler, linker, loader, debugger etc is available for application development. A single-board computer based on ANUPAMA is available for evaluation and software development. ANUPAMA is also available as an IP core.

ABACUS is a 32-bit processor for multi-tasking applications with virtual memory support. It is designed around ANUPAMA core with additions like MMU, two levels of cache, double precision FPU, SDRAM controller. The IP core of ABACUS is available in Verilog RTL code. This processor is suited for desktop applications. Complete software platform is available for ABACUS processor and a single board computer with ABACUS is implemented. Linux Kernel is ported.

DSP Processors And Arithmetic IP Cores

ANURAG has designed a 16-bit DSP processor. This processor is available as an IP core and the design is packaged in 120-pin CPGA. The other arithmetic cores that are designed and available with ANURAG include

• A floating-point co-processor that supports both 64 and 32-bit arithmetic operations.
• Multi channel Multiplier and Accumulator with user programmable 132 channels.
• Fast Multiplier Accumulator with 5-stage pipeline and 36-bit accumulator. It offers 16X16 multiplication.
• Polar to Cartesian and vice-versa conversion using CORDIC processor.
• A Complex Multiplier that allows the multiplication of complex numbers.

All these are available as IP cores in and in chip form for use.

1- µ CMOS Fabrication Technology

Facility is available to fabricate designs targeted to 1µ technology with following features:

• Cell based designs upto 1,00,000 gates.
• Design support option.
  • Full contract design stating from functional description to physical design
  • Full 'customer' design [upto GDS II tape stage]
• Die sizes upto 14 mm x 14 mm

ANAMICA (ANURAG's Medical Imaging and Characterization Aid)

ANAMICA is a DICOM compliant three-dimensional medical visualization software for data obtained from any medical imaging system like MRI, CT and Ultrasound. The software has two-dimensional and three-dimensional visualisation techniques to visualize the images in various ways. Many three-dimensional visualisation techniques like Iso-Value surface, Cutout View, Arbitrary Planar Section etc. are available for the doctor for visualizing the medical data in three-dimension. The sequence of images obtained from any imaging system by scanning of a single patient is packed to form a three-dimensional grid. It is also equipped with a rich set of image processing and image manipulation techniques. Contrast and Edge Enhancement, Image Algebra, Pseudo Coloring, Spatial Editing are some of the two dimensional options provided in the software. The software is also modified for accepting data from Industrial CT systems.

DRDO

 

[Srinivas]

@jarves

The basic fundamental block of micro chip is transistor. Few transistors combine to form a "gate" ( AND gate, OR gate ,EXOR etc...etc...)

The 90 nm technology refers to the size of the transistor.

The smaller the transistor the higher the number of transistors that can be placed on a square inch of the chip.

The more the number of transistors the higher the computing power, the more complex applications it can run.

any queries??

 

[jarves]

@Srinivas No queries,please continue.

 

[Nishan_101]

Really INDIA has Secrets

 

[Srinivas]

Ok i got it.

ANURAG are using 90 nm technologies, now the latest pentium processors are designed based on 22 nm technologies.

Research is going on in 15 nm and 10 nm technologies now a days.


Regarding Migacore processor:

This processor operates at 800 Mhz .i.e 1/800Mhz = 1.25 nanoseconds

For every 1.25 nano seconds the processor can do one computation based on the design, peripherals and memory availability.

Why is that?

The more the number of transistors the more amount of logic one can place per square inch.

Smaller transistor consumes less power and also occupies less area.

Earlier times a computer used to occupy a room but now the same computer designed with smaller transistors occupy a finger tip.

 

[jarves]

@Srinivas What is pin BGA???

 

[janon]

The more the number of transistors the more amount of logic one can place per square inch.

Smaller transistor consumes less power and also occupies less area.

Earlier times a computer used to occupy a room but now the same computer designed with smaller transistors occupy a finger tip.

I know, actually I misread your earlier statement.

 

[Srinivas]

A micro processor needs

1) Memory to store data.

2) Peripherals like key board, mouse, cd rom to interact with the outer world and to take inputs from the humans.

3) ALU arthmetic and logic unit etc..etc...

SOC - Systems on Chip

Systems on chip is a micro chip which integrates microprocessors, memories, analog circuits etc...etc.... this is an application specific chip. Like in missiles and aircraft's one needs an application specific chips to improve the efficiency of computing.

Migacore comes into this category.

Going by the specs this soc operates in conjunction with a DDR2 memory, PCI (a protocol to interact with peripehrals) and ethernet 10/100 (LAN standard).

@Srinivas What is pin BGA???

BGA stands for Ball grid array

A type of micro chip pin package. The pins are the means with which the microchip inner logic interacts with the outer world.

Those metal dots seen in the pic are pins, each dot is a pin. the small thin lines seen are the metal layer connection which are connecting layers which are connecting inner silicon logic with pins.

 

[jarves]

So much time it will take for DRDO to catch up with the rest of the world?? @Srinivas

 

[narcon]

Earlier times a computer used to occupy a room but now the same computer designed with smaller transistors occupy a finger tip.

Intel's smallest microprocessor is the Atom, which measures 26 square millimeters and has 47 million transistors

 

[Srinivas]

So much time it will take for DRDO to catch up with the rest of the world?? @Srinivas

These processors may have been designed 5 or 6 years ago.

Now GOI has given a nod for two fab units which are coming up in India. I hope these will help India to bridge the gap, through public private partnership.