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https://cn.nytimes.com/technology/20191223/faroe-islands-huawei-china-us/dual/
该不该用华为建5G？法罗群岛成中美科技冷战新战场
At the Edge of the World, a New Battleground for the U.S. and China
TORSHAVN, Faroe Islands — The mere existence of the Faroe Islands is a wonder. Tall peaks of snow-patched volcanic rock jut out from the North Atlantic Ocean. Steep cliffs plunge into the deep waters of narrow fjords.
法罗群岛托尔斯港——法罗群岛的存在本身就是一个奇迹。白雪皑皑的火山岩山峰伸入北大西洋。陡峭的悬崖俯瞰着细窄峡湾的深水。
The remote collection of 18 small islands, which sit between Iceland and Norway, is known for a robust puffin population and periodic whale hunts. The semiautonomous Danish territory also has a thriving salmon industry.
这个偏远的群岛位于冰岛和挪威之间，由18个小岛组成，以海雀众多和定期捕鲸闻名。这块半自治的丹麦领土还拥有繁荣的三文鱼产业。
Technology is not a common conversation topic among its 50,000 residents. Yet in recent weeks, the Faroe Islands have turned into a new and unlikely battleground in the technological Cold War between the United States and China.
对于这里的5万名居民来说，科技并不是常见的话题。然而，最近几周，法罗群岛出人意料地成了美中科技冷战的新战场。
广告
The dispute started because of a contract. The Faroe Islands wanted to build a new ultrafast wireless network with fifth-generation technology, known as 5G. To create that new network, the territory planned to award the job to a technology supplier.
纠纷起因于一项合同。法罗群岛希望利用第五代技术——也就是5G建设全新的超高速无线网络。他们打算将这项工作交给一家技术供应商完成。
That was when the United States began urging the archipelago nation not to give the contract to a particular company: the Chinese telecommunications giant Huawei. American officials have long said Huawei is beholden to Beijing and poses national security concerns.
美国立即开始敦促这个群岛不要把合同交给一家特定的公司：中国电信巨头华为。长期以来，美国官员一直声称华为受制于北京，对国家安全构成隐忧。
Then Chinese officials got involved. A senior Faroe Islands government official was recently caught on tape saying that the Chinese had offered to boost trade between the territory and China — as long as Huawei got the 5G network assignment.
然后中国官员介入了。法罗群岛一名高级政府官员最近被人录音，他在录音中说，只要华为获得这份建设5G网络的工作，中国就愿意促进该地区与中国之间的贸易。
“Commercially, the Faroe Islands cannot be very important to Huawei or anybody else,” Sjurdur Skaale, who represents the territory in the Danish parliament, said over breakfast in the capital of Torshavn this week. “The fact that the Chinese and American embassies are fighting over this as hard they are, there is something else on the table. It is about something else than purely business.”
“从商业上讲，法罗群岛对华为或其他任何公司都不可能非常重要，”本周，在丹麦议会中代表该地区的斯尤尔杜尔·斯卡莱(Sjurdur Skaale)在首府托尔斯港吃早餐时说。“然而中国和美国大使馆在这件事上的争执非常激烈，这表明要考虑的还有其他东西。这不是单纯的生意。”
No location is now too small for the United States and China to focus on as they tussle over the future of technology. The Faroe Islands, whose proximity to the arctic gives it added military importance, joins countries across Europe caught in the middle of the two superpowers over Huawei, the crown jewel of the Chinese tech sector.
在美中两国为科技未来的争斗之中，没有哪个地方小到不值得关注。法罗群岛靠近北极，这增加了它在军事上的重要性。在两国这场围绕中国科技企业明星华为的争斗中，法罗群岛和欧洲许多国家一样被夹在了中间。
For more than a year, American officials have applied pressure on Britain, Germany, Poland and others to follow its lead in banning Huawei from new 5G networks. They argue the company can be used by China’s Communist Party to spy or sabotage critical networks. Huawei has denied that it helps Beijing.
一年多来，美国官员向英国、德国、波兰和其他国家施压，要求它们效法美国，禁止华为参与建设新的5G网络。他们认为，中国共产党利用该公司来监视或破坏关键网络。华为否认会协助北京。
But if the European nations side with Washington, they risk harming their economic ties to China, which has a growing appetite for German cars, French airplanes and British pharmaceuticals.
但是，如果欧洲国家与华盛顿并肩，它们就会伤害与中国的经济联系，中国对德国汽车、法国飞机和英国药品的需求正日益增长。
In the Faroe Islands, Bardur Nielsen, the prime minister, has tried defusing the conflict. In a statement, he said his government “has not been pressured or threatened by foreign authorities in relation to the development of a 5G network in the Faroe Islands.”
在法罗群岛，总理巴德·尼尔森(Bardur Nielsen)试图化解冲突。他在一份声明中说，他的政府“并未受到外国当局关于法罗群岛5G网络发展的压力或威胁”。
Any decision about awarding a contract to Huawei, he said, would be made by the local telecommunications company, Foroya Tele.
他说，任何有关授予华为合同的决定将由当地电信公司法罗亚电信(Foroya Tele)做出。
Foroya Tele said in a statement that it is testing different technologies. The choice of a 5G network provider, it said, “requires significant considerations given the scale and importance of the investment for the Faroe Islands.”
法罗亚电信在一份声明中表示正在测试不同的技术。“考虑到这类投资对法罗群岛的规模和重要性，”公司称，对5G网络提供商的选择“需要深思熟虑”。
For the people of the Faroe Islands, the debate over Huawei and 5G is rooted in salmon more than in download speeds.
对于法罗群岛人来说，关于华为和5G的争论主要是看三文鱼而不是下载速度。
Salmon is central to the territory’s economy. More than 90 percent of the Faroe Islands’ exports are fish, including salmon, mackerel, herring and cod. In the surrounding waters, thousands of salmon can be seen splashing inside large netted rings, where they are bred for meals in Paris, Moscow, New York — and, increasingly, Beijing.
三文鱼对于该地区的经济至关重要。法罗群岛90%以上的出口产品是鱼类，包括三文鱼、鲭鱼、鲱鱼和鳕鱼。在周围的水域中，有成千上万条三文鱼在大型环状鱼网内翻腾，它们的养殖用于供应巴黎、莫斯科、纽约的餐饮需求，而北京的需求也越来越大。
After 2010, the islands’ salmon exports to China picked up. At the time, the Chinese government had slowed the purchase of the fish from Norway in response to the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to Chinese human rights activist Liu Xiaobo in Oslo.
2010年后，这里向中国出口三文鱼的规模开始扩大。当时，中国政府放缓了对挪威鱼类的购买，以回应将诺贝尔和平奖授予中国人权活动家刘晓波的决定。
China now makes up about 7 percent of the Faroe Islands’ salmon sales. The Faroese government this year opened an office in Beijing to further expand trade.
目前，中国约占法罗群岛三文鱼销售的7%。法罗群岛政府今年在北京开设了办事处，以进一步扩大贸易。
In 2014, the islands’ salmon sales to Russia exploded after the European Union limited what fish other countries could export there. Those rules do not apply to the Faroe Islands because it is not a part of the European bloc.
2014年，由于欧盟限制了其他国家向俄罗斯出口的鱼类，该岛对俄罗斯的三文鱼销售激增。这些规则不适用于法罗群岛，因为它不是欧盟的一部分。
In all, salmon exports from the Faroe Islands are expected to top $550 million this year, up from roughly $190 million a decade ago.
总体而言，今年法罗群岛的三文鱼出口有望从10年前的约1.9亿美元达到5.5亿美元。
“This is the home place of Atlantic salmon,” Runi Dam, a consultant for local fishing companies, said while standing over giant pens filled with about 15,000 salmon each. “We have the perfect environment.”
“这是大西洋三文鱼的故乡，”当地渔业公司顾问鲁尼·达姆(Runi Dam)站在巨大的饲养池上说。每个饲养池里有约15000条三文鱼。“我们拥有完美的环境。”
Now the salmon business has become entangled in the fight over the 5G wireless network.
现在，三文鱼渔业被卷入5G无线网络的斗争中。
Last month, America’s ambassador to Denmark, Carla Sands, went public with warnings against Huawei. In an opinion piece in the local Faroe Islands newspaper, Ms. Sands said there could be “dangerous consequences” if the company was allowed to build the 5G network. When countries let Huawei in, she said, “they agree to work under Chinese communist rules.”
上月，美国驻丹麦大使卡拉·桑兹(Carla Sands)对华为给出公开警告。桑兹在法罗群岛当地报纸上的一篇评论文章中说，如果允许该公司建立5G网络，可能会带来“危险的后果”。她说，当国家允许华为加入时，他们就是“同意按照中国共产党的规则行事”。
In another interview with Danish Broadcasting this week, Ms. Sands accused a Huawei executive responsible for the Nordic region of “working for the Chinese communists,” who are “exporting their spying, their corruption and bribery around the world.”
在本周接受丹麦广播公司的另一次采访中，桑兹指责负责北欧地区的华为高管“为中国共产党工作”，他们“将间谍、腐败和贿赂输出到世界各地”。
Ms. Sands declined to be interviewed.
桑兹拒绝接受采访。
该不该用华为建5G？法罗群岛成中美科技冷战新战场
At the Edge of the World, a New Battleground for the U.S. and China
TORSHAVN, Faroe Islands — The mere existence of the Faroe Islands is a wonder. Tall peaks of snow-patched volcanic rock jut out from the North Atlantic Ocean. Steep cliffs plunge into the deep waters of narrow fjords.
法罗群岛托尔斯港——法罗群岛的存在本身就是一个奇迹。白雪皑皑的火山岩山峰伸入北大西洋。陡峭的悬崖俯瞰着细窄峡湾的深水。
The remote collection of 18 small islands, which sit between Iceland and Norway, is known for a robust puffin population and periodic whale hunts. The semiautonomous Danish territory also has a thriving salmon industry.
这个偏远的群岛位于冰岛和挪威之间，由18个小岛组成，以海雀众多和定期捕鲸闻名。这块半自治的丹麦领土还拥有繁荣的三文鱼产业。
Technology is not a common conversation topic among its 50,000 residents. Yet in recent weeks, the Faroe Islands have turned into a new and unlikely battleground in the technological Cold War between the United States and China.
对于这里的5万名居民来说，科技并不是常见的话题。然而，最近几周，法罗群岛出人意料地成了美中科技冷战的新战场。
广告
The dispute started because of a contract. The Faroe Islands wanted to build a new ultrafast wireless network with fifth-generation technology, known as 5G. To create that new network, the territory planned to award the job to a technology supplier.
纠纷起因于一项合同。法罗群岛希望利用第五代技术——也就是5G建设全新的超高速无线网络。他们打算将这项工作交给一家技术供应商完成。
That was when the United States began urging the archipelago nation not to give the contract to a particular company: the Chinese telecommunications giant Huawei. American officials have long said Huawei is beholden to Beijing and poses national security concerns.
美国立即开始敦促这个群岛不要把合同交给一家特定的公司：中国电信巨头华为。长期以来，美国官员一直声称华为受制于北京，对国家安全构成隐忧。
Then Chinese officials got involved. A senior Faroe Islands government official was recently caught on tape saying that the Chinese had offered to boost trade between the territory and China — as long as Huawei got the 5G network assignment.
然后中国官员介入了。法罗群岛一名高级政府官员最近被人录音，他在录音中说，只要华为获得这份建设5G网络的工作，中国就愿意促进该地区与中国之间的贸易。
“Commercially, the Faroe Islands cannot be very important to Huawei or anybody else,” Sjurdur Skaale, who represents the territory in the Danish parliament, said over breakfast in the capital of Torshavn this week. “The fact that the Chinese and American embassies are fighting over this as hard they are, there is something else on the table. It is about something else than purely business.”
“从商业上讲，法罗群岛对华为或其他任何公司都不可能非常重要，”本周，在丹麦议会中代表该地区的斯尤尔杜尔·斯卡莱(Sjurdur Skaale)在首府托尔斯港吃早餐时说。“然而中国和美国大使馆在这件事上的争执非常激烈，这表明要考虑的还有其他东西。这不是单纯的生意。”
No location is now too small for the United States and China to focus on as they tussle over the future of technology. The Faroe Islands, whose proximity to the arctic gives it added military importance, joins countries across Europe caught in the middle of the two superpowers over Huawei, the crown jewel of the Chinese tech sector.
在美中两国为科技未来的争斗之中，没有哪个地方小到不值得关注。法罗群岛靠近北极，这增加了它在军事上的重要性。在两国这场围绕中国科技企业明星华为的争斗中，法罗群岛和欧洲许多国家一样被夹在了中间。
For more than a year, American officials have applied pressure on Britain, Germany, Poland and others to follow its lead in banning Huawei from new 5G networks. They argue the company can be used by China’s Communist Party to spy or sabotage critical networks. Huawei has denied that it helps Beijing.
一年多来，美国官员向英国、德国、波兰和其他国家施压，要求它们效法美国，禁止华为参与建设新的5G网络。他们认为，中国共产党利用该公司来监视或破坏关键网络。华为否认会协助北京。
But if the European nations side with Washington, they risk harming their economic ties to China, which has a growing appetite for German cars, French airplanes and British pharmaceuticals.
但是，如果欧洲国家与华盛顿并肩，它们就会伤害与中国的经济联系，中国对德国汽车、法国飞机和英国药品的需求正日益增长。
In the Faroe Islands, Bardur Nielsen, the prime minister, has tried defusing the conflict. In a statement, he said his government “has not been pressured or threatened by foreign authorities in relation to the development of a 5G network in the Faroe Islands.”
在法罗群岛，总理巴德·尼尔森(Bardur Nielsen)试图化解冲突。他在一份声明中说，他的政府“并未受到外国当局关于法罗群岛5G网络发展的压力或威胁”。
Any decision about awarding a contract to Huawei, he said, would be made by the local telecommunications company, Foroya Tele.
他说，任何有关授予华为合同的决定将由当地电信公司法罗亚电信(Foroya Tele)做出。
Foroya Tele said in a statement that it is testing different technologies. The choice of a 5G network provider, it said, “requires significant considerations given the scale and importance of the investment for the Faroe Islands.”
法罗亚电信在一份声明中表示正在测试不同的技术。“考虑到这类投资对法罗群岛的规模和重要性，”公司称，对5G网络提供商的选择“需要深思熟虑”。
For the people of the Faroe Islands, the debate over Huawei and 5G is rooted in salmon more than in download speeds.
对于法罗群岛人来说，关于华为和5G的争论主要是看三文鱼而不是下载速度。
Salmon is central to the territory’s economy. More than 90 percent of the Faroe Islands’ exports are fish, including salmon, mackerel, herring and cod. In the surrounding waters, thousands of salmon can be seen splashing inside large netted rings, where they are bred for meals in Paris, Moscow, New York — and, increasingly, Beijing.
三文鱼对于该地区的经济至关重要。法罗群岛90%以上的出口产品是鱼类，包括三文鱼、鲭鱼、鲱鱼和鳕鱼。在周围的水域中，有成千上万条三文鱼在大型环状鱼网内翻腾，它们的养殖用于供应巴黎、莫斯科、纽约的餐饮需求，而北京的需求也越来越大。
After 2010, the islands’ salmon exports to China picked up. At the time, the Chinese government had slowed the purchase of the fish from Norway in response to the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to Chinese human rights activist Liu Xiaobo in Oslo.
2010年后，这里向中国出口三文鱼的规模开始扩大。当时，中国政府放缓了对挪威鱼类的购买，以回应将诺贝尔和平奖授予中国人权活动家刘晓波的决定。
China now makes up about 7 percent of the Faroe Islands’ salmon sales. The Faroese government this year opened an office in Beijing to further expand trade.
目前，中国约占法罗群岛三文鱼销售的7%。法罗群岛政府今年在北京开设了办事处，以进一步扩大贸易。
In 2014, the islands’ salmon sales to Russia exploded after the European Union limited what fish other countries could export there. Those rules do not apply to the Faroe Islands because it is not a part of the European bloc.
2014年，由于欧盟限制了其他国家向俄罗斯出口的鱼类，该岛对俄罗斯的三文鱼销售激增。这些规则不适用于法罗群岛，因为它不是欧盟的一部分。
In all, salmon exports from the Faroe Islands are expected to top $550 million this year, up from roughly $190 million a decade ago.
总体而言，今年法罗群岛的三文鱼出口有望从10年前的约1.9亿美元达到5.5亿美元。
“This is the home place of Atlantic salmon,” Runi Dam, a consultant for local fishing companies, said while standing over giant pens filled with about 15,000 salmon each. “We have the perfect environment.”
“这是大西洋三文鱼的故乡，”当地渔业公司顾问鲁尼·达姆(Runi Dam)站在巨大的饲养池上说。每个饲养池里有约15000条三文鱼。“我们拥有完美的环境。”
Now the salmon business has become entangled in the fight over the 5G wireless network.
现在，三文鱼渔业被卷入5G无线网络的斗争中。
Last month, America’s ambassador to Denmark, Carla Sands, went public with warnings against Huawei. In an opinion piece in the local Faroe Islands newspaper, Ms. Sands said there could be “dangerous consequences” if the company was allowed to build the 5G network. When countries let Huawei in, she said, “they agree to work under Chinese communist rules.”
上月，美国驻丹麦大使卡拉·桑兹(Carla Sands)对华为给出公开警告。桑兹在法罗群岛当地报纸上的一篇评论文章中说，如果允许该公司建立5G网络，可能会带来“危险的后果”。她说，当国家允许华为加入时，他们就是“同意按照中国共产党的规则行事”。
In another interview with Danish Broadcasting this week, Ms. Sands accused a Huawei executive responsible for the Nordic region of “working for the Chinese communists,” who are “exporting their spying, their corruption and bribery around the world.”
在本周接受丹麦广播公司的另一次采访中，桑兹指责负责北欧地区的华为高管“为中国共产党工作”，他们“将间谍、腐败和贿赂输出到世界各地”。
Ms. Sands declined to be interviewed.
桑兹拒绝接受采访。
