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丛林中的机场：柬埔寨中国项目引发担忧
A Jungle Airstrip Stirs Suspicions About China’s Plans for Cambodia
https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20191224/cambodia-china-military-bases/dual/
DARA SAKOR, Cambodia — The airstrip stretches like a scar through what was once unspoiled Cambodian jungle.
柬埔寨七星海——飞机跑道像一条伤疤，穿过这片曾经完好无损的柬埔寨丛林。
When completed next year on a remote stretch of shoreline, Dara Sakor International Airport will boast the longest runway in Cambodia, complete with the kind of tight turning bay favored by fighter jet pilots. Nearby, workers are clearing trees from a national park to make way for a port deep enough to host naval ships.
七星海国际机场(Dara Sakor International Airport)地处一段偏远的海岸线上，明年完工后，它将拥有柬埔寨最长的跑道，有战斗机飞行员喜欢的那种急转弯区。机场附近，工人们正在砍伐国家公园里的树木，以便修建一个深度足以容纳海军舰艇的港口。
The politically connected Chinese company building the airstrip and port says the facilities are for civilian use. But the scale of the land deal at Dara Sakor — which secures 20 percent of Cambodia’s coastline for 99 years — has raised eyebrows, especially since the portion of the project built so far is already moldering in malarial jungle.
修建机场和港口的是一家有政治关系的中国公司，它称这些设施是民用的。但七星海项目的土地交易规模——该交易确保了中国对柬埔寨20%的海岸线拥有99年的使用权——已引起了人们的关注，特别是自从目前已建成的部分在这片疟疾肆虐的丛林中无人问津以来。
The activity at Dara Sakor and other nearby Chinese projects is stirring fears that Beijing plans to turn this small Southeast Asian nation into a de facto military outpost.
七星海的活动以及附近其他的中国项目正在引起担心，即北京打算把这个东南亚小国变成事实上的军事前哨。
Already, a far-flung Chinese construction boom — on disputed islands in the South China Sea, across the Indian Ocean and onward to Beijing’s first military base overseas, in the African Horn nation of Djibouti — has raised alarms about China’s military ambitions at a time when the United States’ presence in the region has waned. Known as the “string of pearls,” Beijing’s defense strategy would benefit from a jewel in Cambodia.
广布各地的中国建筑热潮已延伸到南中国海有争议的岛屿，并跨越印度洋延续到北京的第一个海外军事基地——位于非洲之角的吉布提。美国在这些地区的存在已在减弱的时候，中国的活动敲响了人们对其军事野心的警钟。中国被称为“珍珠链”的国防战略将受益于柬埔寨这颗宝石。
“Why would the Chinese show up in the middle of a jungle to build a runway?” said Sophal Ear, a political scientist at Occidental College in Los Angeles. “This will allow China to project its air power through the region, and it changes the whole game.”
“为什么中国人要在丛林里建跑道？”洛杉矶西方学院(Occidental College)政治学家索帕·伊(Sophal Ear)问道。“这将使中国能够在该地区投射空中力量，也将改变整个游戏规则。”
As China extends its might overseas, it is bumping up against a regional security umbrella shaped by the United States decades ago. Cambodia, a recipient of Western largess after American bombs devastated its countryside during the Vietnam War, was supposed to be firmly ensconced in the democratic political orbit.
随着中国向海外扩张，它正在与美国几十年前形成的区域安全保护伞发生碰撞。由于在越南战争期间，美国的炸弹摧毁了柬埔寨的乡村，它后来得到了西方的慷慨援助，本该坚定地待在民主政治的轨道上。
But to win his place as Asia’s longest-serving leader, Prime Minister Hun Sen of Cambodia has turned his back on free elections and rule of law. He excoriates the United States while warmly embracing China, which is now Cambodia’s largest investor and trading partner.
但柬埔寨首相洪森已背弃了自由选举和法治，成为亚洲任期最长的领导人。他在痛斥美国的同时，热情拥抱中国。中国现在是柬埔寨最大的投资者和贸易伙伴。
Down the coast from Dara Sakor, American military officials say, China has reached a deal for exclusive rights to expand an existing Cambodian naval base, even as Beijing denies military intentions in the country.
美国军事官员说，中国已与柬埔寨达成协议，在七星海以南的海岸线获得了扩建柬埔寨一个现有海军基地的专有权，尽管北京否认在该国有军事意图。
“We are concerned that the runway and port facilities at Dara Sakor are being constructed on a scale that would be useful for military purposes and which greatly exceed current and projected infrastructure needs for commercial activity,” Lt. Col. Dave Eastburn, a Pentagon spokesman, said by email.
“我们对七星海修建的机场跑道和港口设施的建设规模表示担忧，这种规模远远超出目前的和预期的商业活动基础设施需求，可能会用于军事目的，”五角大楼发言人戴夫·伊斯特本中校(Lt. Col. Dave Eastburn)在电子邮件中说。
“Any steps by the Cambodian government to invite a foreign military presence,” Colonel Eastburn added, “would disturb peace and stability in Southeast Asia.”
伊斯特本还说，“柬埔寨政府采取的任何邀请外国军队进驻的步骤，都将破坏东南亚地区的和平与稳定。”
An American intelligence report published this year raised the possibility that “Cambodia’s slide toward autocracy,” as Mr. Hun Sen tightens his 34-year grip on power, “could lead to a Chinese military presence in the country.”
美国今年发表的一份情报报告指出，“洪森掌权已达34年，随着他加强对权力的控制，柬埔寨有滑向独裁”的可能性，这“可能会导致中国在该国部署军事力量”。
This month, the United States Treasury Department accused a senior general linked to Dara Sakor of corruption and imposed sanctions on him.
本月，美国财政部指控一名与七星海有关的高级将领腐败，并对他实施了制裁。
Mr. Hun Sen denies that he is letting China’s military set up in Cambodia. Instead, his government claims that Dara Sakor’s runway and port will transform this remote rainforest into a global logistics hub that will “make miracles possible,” as Dara Sakor’s promotional literature puts it.
洪森否认他让中国军队在柬埔寨建基地。他的政府宣称，七星海的跑道和港口将把这片偏远的雨林变成一个全球物流中心，正如七星海宣传资料所说的“让奇迹成为可能”。
“There will be no Chinese military in Cambodia, none at all, and to say that is a fabrication,” said Pay Siphan, a government spokesman. “Maybe the white people want to hold Cambodia back by stopping us from developing our economy.”
“柬埔寨将不会有中国军队，一点都不会有，说有驻军的人是捏造，”柬埔寨政府发言人派西潘(Pay Siphan)说。“也许白人想通过不让我们发展经济来阻碍柬埔寨。”
An Unusual Land Deal
一笔不寻常的土地交易
In July, armed men in military uniforms arrived at the wooden house of Thim Lim, a fisherman who lives in Cambodia’s largest national park.
今年7月，身穿制服的武装人员来到渔民丁林(Thim Lim)的木屋前，他住在柬埔寨最大的国家公园里。
Leave, they demanded.
他们要求他搬走。
Mr. Thim Lim said he was told by officials from the Ministry of Land Management that his home would be demolished next year to make way for a “military port built by the Chinese.”
丁林说，土地管理部的官员告诉他，他的家明年将被拆除，为“中国建造军港”腾地。
Other villagers who attended the meeting confirmed his account. Land officials wouldn’t comment.
参加了那个会的其他村民证实了他的说法。土地管理官员不予置评。
“China is so big that it can do what it wants to do,” Mr. Thim Lim said.
“中国太大了，它能做它想做的事情，”丁林说。
Mr. Thim Lim’s land is part of the Dara Sakor concession leased more than a decade ago to Union Development Group, an obscure Chinese company with no international footprint apart from its 110,000-acre Cambodian acquisition.
丁林的土地是十多年前租给了优联集团的七星海租借地的一部分。优联集团是一家不知名的中国公司，除了柬埔寨的这片3.6万公顷土地外，没有任何国际项目。
The deal was questionable from its inception. With no open bidding process, Union Development was handed a 99-year lease on a concession triple the size of what Cambodia’s land law allows. The company was exempted from any lease payments for a decade.
这笔交易从一开始就有问题。在没有公开招标程序的情况下，优联集团拿到了一份为期99年的租约，其租赁的土地面积是柬埔寨土地法允许的三倍。这家公司还在头10年内免交任何租金。
On Dec. 9, Gen. Kun Kim, a former military chief of staff, and his family became targets of United States Treasury sanctions for profiting from relationships with a “China state-owned entity” and for having used “soldiers to intimidate, demolish and clear out land.” While the Chinese firm was not named, rights groups and local residents said it was Union Development.
12月9日，柬埔寨军队前总参谋长官金上将(Gen. Kun Kim)和他的家人因利用与“中国国有实体”的关系牟利，成为美国财政部制裁的对象，他们被指控使用“武装力量进行恐吓、破坏，以达到清地的目的”。虽然美国没有透露这家中国实体的名字，但人权组织和当地居民说，它是优联集团。
Presiding over the signing of the Dara Sakor deal in 2008 was Zhang Gaoli, once among China’s top leaders. The company’s promotional materials call the development “the largest seashore investment project not only in Southeast Asia but in the world.”
2008年主持七星海开发区协议书签订仪式的，是中国曾经的高层领导人之一张高丽。优联集团的宣传材料将这个开发计划称为“东南亚乃至全世界最大的滨海城市投资项目”。
Even with generous lease terms, the one part of Dara Sakor that has been built, a resort complex, is languishing. On a recent day, the golf course was empty and the casino deserted. The marina restaurant attracted one Chinese family, which had brought seafood in a plastic bag to avoid paying resort prices.
即使有慷慨的租赁条款，七星海已经落成的一个度假村看上去还是一片萧条。在不久前的一天，这里的高尔夫球场空无一人，赌场也空无一人。游艇停靠区的餐厅里只有一家中国人，他们用塑料袋自带海鲜，以免支付度假村高昂的价格。
Instead of retreating from a faltering venture, Union Development has doubled down. The new construction at Dara Sakor includes a 10,500-foot runway and a deep-sea port able to handle 10,000-ton vessels.
优联集团非但没有从这个摇摇欲坠的项目中退出，反而加倍增加了投资。它在七星海新建成的项目包括一条长达3200米的跑道和一个能容纳万吨级船只的深水港。
Who controls the venture remains opaque. For years, Union Development claimed Dara Sakor was entirely private. Yet Gen. Chhum Socheat, Cambodia’s deputy defense minister, told The New York Times that the nation’s civil aviation authority was running the airport project, meaning that it could not possibly be linked to the Chinese military.
一直不清楚是谁在控股这个开发项目。多年来，优联集团一直声称七星海项目完全是私有的。然而，柬埔寨国防部副部长宗索吉上将(Gen. Chhum Socheat)对《纽约时报》说，机场项目由该国的民用航空局运营，意思是它不可能与中国军方有关系。
Sin Chansereyvutha, a spokesman for the State Secretariat of Civil Aviation, however, said that “we don’t have an agreement” for Dara Sakor airport.
但柬埔寨民航秘书处发言人Sin Chansereyvutha说，“我们还没有（就七星海机场）达成协议。”
In May, Union Development handed Mr. Hun Sen, the prime minister, a check for $1 million for the Cambodian Red Cross, which his wife runs.
今年5月，优联集团向柬埔寨红十字会捐赠了100万美元，洪森总理和妻子（她是柬埔寨红十字会的负责人）出席了捐赠仪式。
The company’s headquarters in Phnom Penh, the Cambodian capital, are decorated with pictures of Gen. Tea Banh, Cambodia’s defense minister, striding across Dara Sakor’s golf course. Union Development Group’s main office is next to the defense minister’s home.
优联集团位于柬埔寨首都金边的总部里装饰着柬埔寨国防部长迪班将军(Tea Banh)大步穿过七星海高尔夫球场的照片。优联集团的主要办公室紧挨着国防部长的家。
‘China Is Looking for Our Prosperity’
“中国在关心我们的繁荣”
Less than 50 miles from Dara Sakor, another nearly empty Chinese-built development rises from another national park. The Sealong Bay International Beach Resort has sea views and Chinese chefs.
在距离七星海不到80公里的地方，又一个几乎空无一人的中国开发项目在另一个国家公园里拔地而起。海龙湾海滩旅游度假区(The Sealong Bay International Beach Resort)有海景和中国厨师。
But it’s the project’s neighbor that has been attracting the most attention: Ream Naval Base, Cambodia’s largest.
但该项目最引人注目的是它的邻居：柬埔寨最大的海军基地——云壤海军基地(Ream Naval Base)。
“All these projects thrive off ambiguity because you’re never really sure what’s going on,” said Devin Thorne, co-author of “Harbored Ambitions,” a study by the Center for Advanced Defense Studies, a Washington research group, on China’s maritime strategy in the Indo-Pacific. “You’ll have five Chinese port proposals; two of them fall through and then suddenly there’s one more next door. It’s really hard to keep track of.”
“所有这些项目都在不明确的情况下得以蓬勃发展，因为你永远不能确定到底在发生什么，”华盛顿研究机构高级防务研究中心(Center for Advanced Defense Studies)关于中国在印度洋—太平洋海上战略的研究报告《怀有野心》(Harbored Ambitions)的共同作者德温·索恩(Devin Thorne)说。“你看到五个来自中国的港口建设提议；其中两个落空了，后来隔壁突然又多了一个。确实很难跟踪。”
In July, The Wall Street Journal reported on a secret draft agreement to give China exclusive access to part of Ream Naval Base for 30 years.
7月，《华尔街日报》(The Wall Street Journal)报道了一份秘密协议草案，允许中国独家使用部分云壤海军基地，为期30年。
Speculation about Ream intensified this year when the United States, which had acceded to a Cambodian request to refurbish part of the base, was notified that the Cambodians no longer wanted the Americans’ help.
美国曾经接到柬埔寨对云壤海军基地进行部分整修的请求，今年却被告知柬埔寨人不再需要美国的帮助，这加剧了围绕这个海军基地的猜测。
“The withdrawal of the request six months later was surprising and raises questions about the Cambodian government’s plans for the base,” said Colonel Eastburn, the Pentagon spokesman.
五角大楼发言伊斯特本中校(Colonel Eastburn)表示，“令人惊讶的是，六个月之后撤回了请求，这让人对柬埔寨政府关于基地的计划产生质疑。”
General Chhum Socheat, the deputy defense minister, denied that Cambodia had asked the Americans for money for Ream.
柬埔寨国防部副部长宗索吉上将否认柬埔寨向美国人要钱整修云壤海军基地的说法。
“We are frankly fed up,” he told The Times. “Do we have to ask the United States to develop our sovereignty? Do we have to beg the United States to do this project, that one?”
“坦率地说，我们忍无可忍了，”他对《纽约时报》说。“我们难道非得要美国来发展我们的主权吗？我们非得乞求美国来做这个项目吗？”
But in a May 8 letter to the Cambodian Defense Ministry, the American defense attaché in Phnom Penh noted that Cambodia had “requested U.S. assistance to conduct repairs and minor renovations to U.S.-provided facilities on the base.”
但在5月8日致柬埔寨国防部的信中，美国驻金边的武官指出，柬埔寨曾经“要求美国提供援助，对基地里美国提供的设施进行维修和小规模的翻新”。
In a response a month later, a Cambodian defense official replied that “the repairs and renovations of the facilities on the base are no longer necessary.”
在一个月之后的回信中，柬埔寨的一名国防官员答复“不再需要对基地的设施进行维修和翻新了”。
In a subsequent letter, Joseph Felter, then the American deputy assistant secretary of defense for South and Southeast Asia, warned General Tea Banh, the defense minister, of suspicions “that this sudden change of policy could indicate larger plans for changes at Ream Naval Base, particularly ones that involve hosting Chinese military assets.”
在随后的一封信中，时任美国南亚和东南亚国防部副助理部长约瑟夫·费尔特(Joseph Felter)向柬埔寨国防部长迪班将军发出警告，怀疑“政策的突然改变可能表明云壤海军基地存在更大的改变计划，尤其是涉及中国军事资产会使用的部分”。
The defense minister did not answer the letter.
柬埔寨国防部长没有回复这封信。
Mr. Hun Sen and his deputies accuse the United States of trying to foment a revolution against his government. In July, the United States House of Representatives passed a bill seeking to impose sanctions on individuals who have undermined democracy in Cambodia. Associates of Mr. Hun Sen, who has crushed his political opponents, could be among them.
洪森及其副手谴责美国试图煽动一场针对其政府的革命。7月，美国众议院通过了一项法案，寻求对破坏柬埔寨民主的个人实施制裁。其中会包括帮助洪森打压政治对手的同伙。
Two years ago, the Cambodian military suspended joint military exercises with the Americans and began partnering with the Chinese instead. Then, in a further sign of deepening military ties, Mr. Hun Sen announced in July that he had spent $240 million on Chinese weaponry.
两年前，柬埔寨军方暂停了与美国的联合军事演习，转而开始与中国合作。然后，洪森在7月宣布，他花费了2.4亿美元购买中国制造的武器，进一步显示出两国军事关系的强化。
“If the U.S. Embassy, they don’t like us, they can pack up and leave,” Mr. Pay Siphan, the government spokesman, who is a dual Cambodian and American citizen, said in an interview. “They are troublemakers, and we see it when they look down on Cambodia.”
“如果美国大使馆的人不喜欢我们，他们可以收拾东西走人，”持有柬埔寨和美国双重国籍的政府发言人派西潘在接受采访时说。“他们在捣乱，而且对柬埔寨的不尊重，我们看在眼里。”
“China is looking for our prosperity,” he added. “We are very good friends.”
“中国在关心我们的繁荣，”他还说。“我们是很好的朋友。”
A Jungle Airstrip Stirs Suspicions About China’s Plans for Cambodia
https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20191224/cambodia-china-military-bases/dual/
DARA SAKOR, Cambodia — The airstrip stretches like a scar through what was once unspoiled Cambodian jungle.
柬埔寨七星海——飞机跑道像一条伤疤，穿过这片曾经完好无损的柬埔寨丛林。
When completed next year on a remote stretch of shoreline, Dara Sakor International Airport will boast the longest runway in Cambodia, complete with the kind of tight turning bay favored by fighter jet pilots. Nearby, workers are clearing trees from a national park to make way for a port deep enough to host naval ships.
七星海国际机场(Dara Sakor International Airport)地处一段偏远的海岸线上，明年完工后，它将拥有柬埔寨最长的跑道，有战斗机飞行员喜欢的那种急转弯区。机场附近，工人们正在砍伐国家公园里的树木，以便修建一个深度足以容纳海军舰艇的港口。
The politically connected Chinese company building the airstrip and port says the facilities are for civilian use. But the scale of the land deal at Dara Sakor — which secures 20 percent of Cambodia’s coastline for 99 years — has raised eyebrows, especially since the portion of the project built so far is already moldering in malarial jungle.
修建机场和港口的是一家有政治关系的中国公司，它称这些设施是民用的。但七星海项目的土地交易规模——该交易确保了中国对柬埔寨20%的海岸线拥有99年的使用权——已引起了人们的关注，特别是自从目前已建成的部分在这片疟疾肆虐的丛林中无人问津以来。
The activity at Dara Sakor and other nearby Chinese projects is stirring fears that Beijing plans to turn this small Southeast Asian nation into a de facto military outpost.
七星海的活动以及附近其他的中国项目正在引起担心，即北京打算把这个东南亚小国变成事实上的军事前哨。
Already, a far-flung Chinese construction boom — on disputed islands in the South China Sea, across the Indian Ocean and onward to Beijing’s first military base overseas, in the African Horn nation of Djibouti — has raised alarms about China’s military ambitions at a time when the United States’ presence in the region has waned. Known as the “string of pearls,” Beijing’s defense strategy would benefit from a jewel in Cambodia.
广布各地的中国建筑热潮已延伸到南中国海有争议的岛屿，并跨越印度洋延续到北京的第一个海外军事基地——位于非洲之角的吉布提。美国在这些地区的存在已在减弱的时候，中国的活动敲响了人们对其军事野心的警钟。中国被称为“珍珠链”的国防战略将受益于柬埔寨这颗宝石。
“Why would the Chinese show up in the middle of a jungle to build a runway?” said Sophal Ear, a political scientist at Occidental College in Los Angeles. “This will allow China to project its air power through the region, and it changes the whole game.”
“为什么中国人要在丛林里建跑道？”洛杉矶西方学院(Occidental College)政治学家索帕·伊(Sophal Ear)问道。“这将使中国能够在该地区投射空中力量，也将改变整个游戏规则。”
As China extends its might overseas, it is bumping up against a regional security umbrella shaped by the United States decades ago. Cambodia, a recipient of Western largess after American bombs devastated its countryside during the Vietnam War, was supposed to be firmly ensconced in the democratic political orbit.
随着中国向海外扩张，它正在与美国几十年前形成的区域安全保护伞发生碰撞。由于在越南战争期间，美国的炸弹摧毁了柬埔寨的乡村，它后来得到了西方的慷慨援助，本该坚定地待在民主政治的轨道上。
But to win his place as Asia’s longest-serving leader, Prime Minister Hun Sen of Cambodia has turned his back on free elections and rule of law. He excoriates the United States while warmly embracing China, which is now Cambodia’s largest investor and trading partner.
但柬埔寨首相洪森已背弃了自由选举和法治，成为亚洲任期最长的领导人。他在痛斥美国的同时，热情拥抱中国。中国现在是柬埔寨最大的投资者和贸易伙伴。
Down the coast from Dara Sakor, American military officials say, China has reached a deal for exclusive rights to expand an existing Cambodian naval base, even as Beijing denies military intentions in the country.
美国军事官员说，中国已与柬埔寨达成协议，在七星海以南的海岸线获得了扩建柬埔寨一个现有海军基地的专有权，尽管北京否认在该国有军事意图。
“We are concerned that the runway and port facilities at Dara Sakor are being constructed on a scale that would be useful for military purposes and which greatly exceed current and projected infrastructure needs for commercial activity,” Lt. Col. Dave Eastburn, a Pentagon spokesman, said by email.
“我们对七星海修建的机场跑道和港口设施的建设规模表示担忧，这种规模远远超出目前的和预期的商业活动基础设施需求，可能会用于军事目的，”五角大楼发言人戴夫·伊斯特本中校(Lt. Col. Dave Eastburn)在电子邮件中说。
“Any steps by the Cambodian government to invite a foreign military presence,” Colonel Eastburn added, “would disturb peace and stability in Southeast Asia.”
伊斯特本还说，“柬埔寨政府采取的任何邀请外国军队进驻的步骤，都将破坏东南亚地区的和平与稳定。”
An American intelligence report published this year raised the possibility that “Cambodia’s slide toward autocracy,” as Mr. Hun Sen tightens his 34-year grip on power, “could lead to a Chinese military presence in the country.”
美国今年发表的一份情报报告指出，“洪森掌权已达34年，随着他加强对权力的控制，柬埔寨有滑向独裁”的可能性，这“可能会导致中国在该国部署军事力量”。
This month, the United States Treasury Department accused a senior general linked to Dara Sakor of corruption and imposed sanctions on him.
本月，美国财政部指控一名与七星海有关的高级将领腐败，并对他实施了制裁。
Mr. Hun Sen denies that he is letting China’s military set up in Cambodia. Instead, his government claims that Dara Sakor’s runway and port will transform this remote rainforest into a global logistics hub that will “make miracles possible,” as Dara Sakor’s promotional literature puts it.
洪森否认他让中国军队在柬埔寨建基地。他的政府宣称，七星海的跑道和港口将把这片偏远的雨林变成一个全球物流中心，正如七星海宣传资料所说的“让奇迹成为可能”。
“There will be no Chinese military in Cambodia, none at all, and to say that is a fabrication,” said Pay Siphan, a government spokesman. “Maybe the white people want to hold Cambodia back by stopping us from developing our economy.”
“柬埔寨将不会有中国军队，一点都不会有，说有驻军的人是捏造，”柬埔寨政府发言人派西潘(Pay Siphan)说。“也许白人想通过不让我们发展经济来阻碍柬埔寨。”
An Unusual Land Deal
一笔不寻常的土地交易
In July, armed men in military uniforms arrived at the wooden house of Thim Lim, a fisherman who lives in Cambodia’s largest national park.
今年7月，身穿制服的武装人员来到渔民丁林(Thim Lim)的木屋前，他住在柬埔寨最大的国家公园里。
Leave, they demanded.
他们要求他搬走。
Mr. Thim Lim said he was told by officials from the Ministry of Land Management that his home would be demolished next year to make way for a “military port built by the Chinese.”
丁林说，土地管理部的官员告诉他，他的家明年将被拆除，为“中国建造军港”腾地。
Other villagers who attended the meeting confirmed his account. Land officials wouldn’t comment.
参加了那个会的其他村民证实了他的说法。土地管理官员不予置评。
“China is so big that it can do what it wants to do,” Mr. Thim Lim said.
“中国太大了，它能做它想做的事情，”丁林说。
Mr. Thim Lim’s land is part of the Dara Sakor concession leased more than a decade ago to Union Development Group, an obscure Chinese company with no international footprint apart from its 110,000-acre Cambodian acquisition.
丁林的土地是十多年前租给了优联集团的七星海租借地的一部分。优联集团是一家不知名的中国公司，除了柬埔寨的这片3.6万公顷土地外，没有任何国际项目。
The deal was questionable from its inception. With no open bidding process, Union Development was handed a 99-year lease on a concession triple the size of what Cambodia’s land law allows. The company was exempted from any lease payments for a decade.
这笔交易从一开始就有问题。在没有公开招标程序的情况下，优联集团拿到了一份为期99年的租约，其租赁的土地面积是柬埔寨土地法允许的三倍。这家公司还在头10年内免交任何租金。
On Dec. 9, Gen. Kun Kim, a former military chief of staff, and his family became targets of United States Treasury sanctions for profiting from relationships with a “China state-owned entity” and for having used “soldiers to intimidate, demolish and clear out land.” While the Chinese firm was not named, rights groups and local residents said it was Union Development.
12月9日，柬埔寨军队前总参谋长官金上将(Gen. Kun Kim)和他的家人因利用与“中国国有实体”的关系牟利，成为美国财政部制裁的对象，他们被指控使用“武装力量进行恐吓、破坏，以达到清地的目的”。虽然美国没有透露这家中国实体的名字，但人权组织和当地居民说，它是优联集团。
Presiding over the signing of the Dara Sakor deal in 2008 was Zhang Gaoli, once among China’s top leaders. The company’s promotional materials call the development “the largest seashore investment project not only in Southeast Asia but in the world.”
2008年主持七星海开发区协议书签订仪式的，是中国曾经的高层领导人之一张高丽。优联集团的宣传材料将这个开发计划称为“东南亚乃至全世界最大的滨海城市投资项目”。
Even with generous lease terms, the one part of Dara Sakor that has been built, a resort complex, is languishing. On a recent day, the golf course was empty and the casino deserted. The marina restaurant attracted one Chinese family, which had brought seafood in a plastic bag to avoid paying resort prices.
即使有慷慨的租赁条款，七星海已经落成的一个度假村看上去还是一片萧条。在不久前的一天，这里的高尔夫球场空无一人，赌场也空无一人。游艇停靠区的餐厅里只有一家中国人，他们用塑料袋自带海鲜，以免支付度假村高昂的价格。
Instead of retreating from a faltering venture, Union Development has doubled down. The new construction at Dara Sakor includes a 10,500-foot runway and a deep-sea port able to handle 10,000-ton vessels.
优联集团非但没有从这个摇摇欲坠的项目中退出，反而加倍增加了投资。它在七星海新建成的项目包括一条长达3200米的跑道和一个能容纳万吨级船只的深水港。
Who controls the venture remains opaque. For years, Union Development claimed Dara Sakor was entirely private. Yet Gen. Chhum Socheat, Cambodia’s deputy defense minister, told The New York Times that the nation’s civil aviation authority was running the airport project, meaning that it could not possibly be linked to the Chinese military.
一直不清楚是谁在控股这个开发项目。多年来，优联集团一直声称七星海项目完全是私有的。然而，柬埔寨国防部副部长宗索吉上将(Gen. Chhum Socheat)对《纽约时报》说，机场项目由该国的民用航空局运营，意思是它不可能与中国军方有关系。
Sin Chansereyvutha, a spokesman for the State Secretariat of Civil Aviation, however, said that “we don’t have an agreement” for Dara Sakor airport.
但柬埔寨民航秘书处发言人Sin Chansereyvutha说，“我们还没有（就七星海机场）达成协议。”
In May, Union Development handed Mr. Hun Sen, the prime minister, a check for $1 million for the Cambodian Red Cross, which his wife runs.
今年5月，优联集团向柬埔寨红十字会捐赠了100万美元，洪森总理和妻子（她是柬埔寨红十字会的负责人）出席了捐赠仪式。
The company’s headquarters in Phnom Penh, the Cambodian capital, are decorated with pictures of Gen. Tea Banh, Cambodia’s defense minister, striding across Dara Sakor’s golf course. Union Development Group’s main office is next to the defense minister’s home.
优联集团位于柬埔寨首都金边的总部里装饰着柬埔寨国防部长迪班将军(Tea Banh)大步穿过七星海高尔夫球场的照片。优联集团的主要办公室紧挨着国防部长的家。
‘China Is Looking for Our Prosperity’
“中国在关心我们的繁荣”
Less than 50 miles from Dara Sakor, another nearly empty Chinese-built development rises from another national park. The Sealong Bay International Beach Resort has sea views and Chinese chefs.
在距离七星海不到80公里的地方，又一个几乎空无一人的中国开发项目在另一个国家公园里拔地而起。海龙湾海滩旅游度假区(The Sealong Bay International Beach Resort)有海景和中国厨师。
But it’s the project’s neighbor that has been attracting the most attention: Ream Naval Base, Cambodia’s largest.
但该项目最引人注目的是它的邻居：柬埔寨最大的海军基地——云壤海军基地(Ream Naval Base)。
“All these projects thrive off ambiguity because you’re never really sure what’s going on,” said Devin Thorne, co-author of “Harbored Ambitions,” a study by the Center for Advanced Defense Studies, a Washington research group, on China’s maritime strategy in the Indo-Pacific. “You’ll have five Chinese port proposals; two of them fall through and then suddenly there’s one more next door. It’s really hard to keep track of.”
“所有这些项目都在不明确的情况下得以蓬勃发展，因为你永远不能确定到底在发生什么，”华盛顿研究机构高级防务研究中心(Center for Advanced Defense Studies)关于中国在印度洋—太平洋海上战略的研究报告《怀有野心》(Harbored Ambitions)的共同作者德温·索恩(Devin Thorne)说。“你看到五个来自中国的港口建设提议；其中两个落空了，后来隔壁突然又多了一个。确实很难跟踪。”
In July, The Wall Street Journal reported on a secret draft agreement to give China exclusive access to part of Ream Naval Base for 30 years.
7月，《华尔街日报》(The Wall Street Journal)报道了一份秘密协议草案，允许中国独家使用部分云壤海军基地，为期30年。
Speculation about Ream intensified this year when the United States, which had acceded to a Cambodian request to refurbish part of the base, was notified that the Cambodians no longer wanted the Americans’ help.
美国曾经接到柬埔寨对云壤海军基地进行部分整修的请求，今年却被告知柬埔寨人不再需要美国的帮助，这加剧了围绕这个海军基地的猜测。
“The withdrawal of the request six months later was surprising and raises questions about the Cambodian government’s plans for the base,” said Colonel Eastburn, the Pentagon spokesman.
五角大楼发言伊斯特本中校(Colonel Eastburn)表示，“令人惊讶的是，六个月之后撤回了请求，这让人对柬埔寨政府关于基地的计划产生质疑。”
General Chhum Socheat, the deputy defense minister, denied that Cambodia had asked the Americans for money for Ream.
柬埔寨国防部副部长宗索吉上将否认柬埔寨向美国人要钱整修云壤海军基地的说法。
“We are frankly fed up,” he told The Times. “Do we have to ask the United States to develop our sovereignty? Do we have to beg the United States to do this project, that one?”
“坦率地说，我们忍无可忍了，”他对《纽约时报》说。“我们难道非得要美国来发展我们的主权吗？我们非得乞求美国来做这个项目吗？”
But in a May 8 letter to the Cambodian Defense Ministry, the American defense attaché in Phnom Penh noted that Cambodia had “requested U.S. assistance to conduct repairs and minor renovations to U.S.-provided facilities on the base.”
但在5月8日致柬埔寨国防部的信中，美国驻金边的武官指出，柬埔寨曾经“要求美国提供援助，对基地里美国提供的设施进行维修和小规模的翻新”。
In a response a month later, a Cambodian defense official replied that “the repairs and renovations of the facilities on the base are no longer necessary.”
在一个月之后的回信中，柬埔寨的一名国防官员答复“不再需要对基地的设施进行维修和翻新了”。
In a subsequent letter, Joseph Felter, then the American deputy assistant secretary of defense for South and Southeast Asia, warned General Tea Banh, the defense minister, of suspicions “that this sudden change of policy could indicate larger plans for changes at Ream Naval Base, particularly ones that involve hosting Chinese military assets.”
在随后的一封信中，时任美国南亚和东南亚国防部副助理部长约瑟夫·费尔特(Joseph Felter)向柬埔寨国防部长迪班将军发出警告，怀疑“政策的突然改变可能表明云壤海军基地存在更大的改变计划，尤其是涉及中国军事资产会使用的部分”。
The defense minister did not answer the letter.
柬埔寨国防部长没有回复这封信。
Mr. Hun Sen and his deputies accuse the United States of trying to foment a revolution against his government. In July, the United States House of Representatives passed a bill seeking to impose sanctions on individuals who have undermined democracy in Cambodia. Associates of Mr. Hun Sen, who has crushed his political opponents, could be among them.
洪森及其副手谴责美国试图煽动一场针对其政府的革命。7月，美国众议院通过了一项法案，寻求对破坏柬埔寨民主的个人实施制裁。其中会包括帮助洪森打压政治对手的同伙。
Two years ago, the Cambodian military suspended joint military exercises with the Americans and began partnering with the Chinese instead. Then, in a further sign of deepening military ties, Mr. Hun Sen announced in July that he had spent $240 million on Chinese weaponry.
两年前，柬埔寨军方暂停了与美国的联合军事演习，转而开始与中国合作。然后，洪森在7月宣布，他花费了2.4亿美元购买中国制造的武器，进一步显示出两国军事关系的强化。
“If the U.S. Embassy, they don’t like us, they can pack up and leave,” Mr. Pay Siphan, the government spokesman, who is a dual Cambodian and American citizen, said in an interview. “They are troublemakers, and we see it when they look down on Cambodia.”
“如果美国大使馆的人不喜欢我们，他们可以收拾东西走人，”持有柬埔寨和美国双重国籍的政府发言人派西潘在接受采访时说。“他们在捣乱，而且对柬埔寨的不尊重，我们看在眼里。”
“China is looking for our prosperity,” he added. “We are very good friends.”
“中国在关心我们的繁荣，”他还说。“我们是很好的朋友。”
