Tran dynasty fought against Mongols. When the Ming came to power, the Tran dynasty sent Vietnamese slaves as tribute to the Ming. The Ho then brutally murdered and overthrew the Tran and the Ming decided to punish the Ho.
Most of the Vietnamese Kinh ancestors in the Red River Delta and Hanoi supported the Ming rule. The Kinh were "people of the capital".
It was Le Loi, who lived in the Vietnamese borderlands in Thanh Hoa where the "barbarian" Trai people (people of the camps) lived, where he started his rebellion. Le Loi himself was NOT a Kinh, but a Trai, and his army was made out of Trai people. The Kinh viewed Trai as barbarians.
Many of the Kinh Vietnamese in the Red River plain
supported the Ming. Le Loi's anti Ming rebellion, was actually a Trai vs Kinh war, with the Kinh fighting for Ming against the Le dynasty Trai.
A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books
A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books
Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, C. 800 - 1830 - Victor B. Lieberman - Google Books
A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books
A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books
A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books
A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books
A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books
A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books
The Trai people are ancestors of the Muong people. The Trai/Muong and Kinh were both of the same origin originally, speaking the same language. The difference between the Trai/Muong and Kinh, is that Kinh Vietnamese were influenced by Chinese culture, religion, and language, with Kinh adopting thousands of Chinese loanwords in their language, using Chu Nom characters, adopting Chinese Daoism, Confucianism, government, and alot of Chinese culture. The Trai/Muong refused to adopt it and maintained the original "barbarian" culture from before Chinese influenced Vietnam.
Muong people - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Le Loi was a Trai/Muong, with a Trai/Muong army fighting against the Ming-Kinh Vietnamese forces. After Le Loi overthrew Ming rule, he and Le dynasty historians like Ngo Si Lien engaged in rewriting Vietnamese history to justify their own rule over Vietnam.
The Le dynasty then created the Kinh as a new ethnicity to seperate Vietnamese from minorities and other peoples. Before that, there was no seperate Kinh ethnic group, thats why the "Kinh" of the Red River region supported the Ming.
Goddess on the Rise: Pilgrimage and Popular Religion in Vietnam - Philip Taylor - Google Books
Human Rights in Asia: A Comparative Legal Study of Twelve Asian ... - Google Books
Historical Dictionary of the Peoples of the Southeast Asian Massif - Jean Michaud - Google Books
Postwar Vietnam: Dynamics of a Transforming Society - Google Books
The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia - James C. Scott - Google Books
Culture and Customs of Vietnam - Mark W. McLeod, Thi Dieu Nguyen - Google Books
Le dynasty historian Ngo Si Lien started inventing tales about Vietnamese being descended from Shennong and making stories up about the Hung Kings, to extend the Kinh's ethnic history back to antiquity. Before that, the Kinh didn't have a seperate distinct history.
A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books
Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to ... - Ben Kiernan - Google Books
