UNMOGIP : UN mission on India & Pak

[third eye]

Creating this thread to update us all on UNMOGIP ( UN Military Observer Group on India & Pakistan.

Facts :

The first group of United Nations military observers arrived in the mission area on 24 January of 1949 to supervise the ceasefire between India and Pakistan in the State of Jammu and Kashmir. These observers, under the command of the Military Adviser appointed by the UN Secretary-General, formed the nucleus of the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP).

Following renewed hostilities of 1971, UNMOGIP has remained in the area to observe developments pertaining to the strict observance of the ceasefire of 17 December 1971 and report thereon to the Secretary-General.


Location:
The ceasefire line between India and Pakistan in the State of Jammu and Kashmir

Headquarters:
Islamabad (November-April) / Srinagar (May-October)

Duration:
January 1949 to present

Current Strength (As on 30 November 2012)

39 military observers
25 international civilian personnel*
48 local civilian staff*

*Note: Statistics for international and local civilians are as of 31 October 2012

Country contributors for Military personnel

Chile, Croatia, Finland, Italy, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Sweden, Thailand and Uruguay.

Fatalities

5 troops
1 military observer
2 international civilians
3 local civilians
_____
11 total

Major General Young-Bum Choi of the Republic of Korea appointed wef June 12 as Chief Military Observer and Head of Mission of the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP).

Major General Choi succeeded Major General Raul Gloodtdofsky Fernandez of Uruguay.

The deployment is as under ;

 

[third eye]

This should help clear perceptions on the stand of both nations post Simla in 1972.

UNMOGIP Background - United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan

UNMOGIP Background

In August 1947, India and Pakistan became independent. Under the scheme of partition provided by the Indian Independence Act of 1947, Kashmir was free to accede to India or Pakistan. Its accession to India became a matter of dispute between the two countries and fighting broke out later that year.

«Despite the disagreement between India and Pakistan over UNMOGIP’s mandate and functions, the mission has remained in the area to observe the 1971 ceasefire arrangements.»

In January 1948, the Security Council adopted resolution 39 (1948) PDF Document, establishing the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP) to investigate and mediate the dispute. In April 1948, by its resolution 47 (1948) PDF Document, the Council decided to enlarge the membership of UNCIP and to recommend various measures including the use of observers to stop the fighting. At the recommendation of UNCIP, the Secretary-General appointed the Military Adviser to support the Commission on military aspects and provided for a group of military observers to assist him. The first team of unarmed military observers, which eventually formed the nucleus of the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP), arrived in the mission area in January 1949 to supervise, in the State of Jammu and Kashmir, the ceasefire between India and Pakistan and to assist the Military Adviser to UNCIP.

The tasks of the observers, as defined by the Military Adviser, were to accompany the local authorities in their investigations, gather as much information as possible, and report as completely, accurately and impartially as possible. Any direct intervention by the observers between the opposing parties or any interference in the armies’ orders was to be avoided. These arrangements remained in effect until the conclusion of the Karachi Agreement on 27 July 1949 establishing a ceasefire line to be supervised by UN military observers.

The Karachi Agreement specified that UNCIP would station observers where it deemed necessary, and that the ceasefire line would be verified mutually on the ground by local commanders on each side with the assistance of UN military observers. Disagreements were to be referred to the UNCIP Military Adviser, whose decision would be final.

On 30 March 1951, following the termination of UNCIP, the Security Council, by its resolution 91 (1951) PDF Document decided that UNMOGIP should continue to supervise the ceasefire in Jammu and Kashmir. UNMOGIP's functions were to observe and report, investigate complaints of ceasefire violations and submit its finding to each party and to the Secretary-General.

At the end of 1971, hostilities broke out again between India and Pakistan. They started along the borders of East Pakistan and were related to the movement for independence which had developed in that region and which ultimately led to the creation of Bangladesh.

When a ceasefire came into effect on 17 December 1971, a number of positions on both sides of the 1949 ceasefire line had changed hands. The Security Council met on 12 December, and on 21 December adopted resolution 307 (1971) PDF Document, by which it demanded that a durable ceasefire in all areas of conflict remain in effect until all armed forces had withdrawn to their respective territories and to positions which fully respected the ceasefire line in Jammu and Kashmir supervised by UNMOGIP.

In July 1972, India and Pakistan signed an agreement defining a Line of Control in Kashmir which, with minor deviations, followed the same course as the ceasefire line established by the Karachi Agreement in 1949. India took the position that the mandate of UNMOGIP had lapsed, since it related specifically to the ceasefire line under the Karachi Agreement. Pakistan, however, did not accept this position.

Given the disagreement between the two parties over UNMOGIP's mandate and functions, the Secretary-General's position has been that UNMOGIP could be terminated only by a decision of the Security Council. In the absence of such an agreement, UNMOGIP has been maintained with the same arrangements as established following December 1971 ceasefire. The tasks of UNMOGIP have been to observe, to the extent possible, developments pertaining to the strict observance of the ceasefire of 17 December 1971 and to report thereon to the Secretary-General.

The military authorities of Pakistan have continued to lodge complaints with UNMOGIP about ceasefire violations. The military authorities of India have lodged no complaints since January 1972 and have restricted the activities of the UN observers on the Indian side of the Line of Control. They have, however, continued to provide accommodation, transport and other facilities to UNMOGIP.

 

[Spring Onion]

The military authorities of Pakistan have continued to lodge complaints with UNMOGIP about ceasefire violations. The military authorities of India have lodged no complaints since January 1972 and have restricted the activities of the UN observers on the Indian side of the Line of Control. They have, however, continued to provide accommodation, transport and other facilities to UNMOGIP.

Since India did not file any complaint means no ceasfire violation by Pakistan

the onus is on India

 

[third eye]

Since India did not file any complaint means no ceasfire violation by Pakistan

the onus is on India

Onus on India for what ?

India objects directly to Pak not to or through the UN .

 

[kurup]

Since India did not file any complaint means no ceasfire violation by Pakistan

the onus is on India

That is twisted logic .

The reason why we have not lodged complaints is also given .

India took the position that the mandate of UNMOGIP had lapsed, since it related specifically to the ceasefire line under the Karachi Agreement. So we have restricted the activities of the UN observers on the Indian side of the Line of Control.

 

[Spring Onion]

That is twisted logic .

The reason why we have not lodged complaints is also given .

India took the position that the mandate of UNMOGIP had lapsed, since it related specifically to the ceasefire line under the Karachi Agreement. So we have restricted the activities of the UN observers on the Indian side of the Line of Control.

Indeed India restricted the activities of the UN observers so that they could not monitor Indian violation of ceasfire.

This also adds to the proof that No ceasfire violation committed by Pakistan.

Onus on India for what ?

India objects directly to Pak not to or through the UN .

India can accuse Pakistan sans any proof just for propaganda purpose but it can not complaint to the UN observers for the same reason of lack of proof. hence the twisted lame excuses for ending the mission

 

[third eye]

Refer post No 4

India can accuse Pakistan sans any proof just for propaganda purpose but it can not complaint to the UN observers for the same reason of lack of proof. hence the twisted lame excuses for ending the mission

Thats just the point. Indian does not WANT to complain to anyone after Simla 72 other than who causes the grief.

Since its a bilateral issue, India complains to Pak directly.

If the UN blokes wish to hang around & enjoy the scenery they are welcome to be our guests. Its been that way since 72.

 

[kurup]

Indeed India restricted the activities of the UN observers so that they could not monitor Indian violation of ceasfire.

We restricted their activities because they were useless ( read Op. Gibraltor and 65 war) and also because India took the position that the mandate of UNMOGIP had lapsed, since it related specifically to the ceasefire line under the Karachi Agreement.In July 1972, India and Pakistan signed an agreement defining a Line of Control in Kashmir which, with minor deviations, followed the same course as the ceasefire line established by the Karachi Agreement in 1949.

This also adds to the proof that No ceasfire violation committed by Pakistan.

Only a pakistani can arrive at such a proof.

 

[Spring Onion]

Refer post No 4



Thats just the point. Indian does not WANT to complain to anyone after Simla 72 other than who causes the grief.

Since its a bilateral issue, India complains to Pak directly.

If the UN blokes wish to hang around & enjoy the scenery they are welcome to be our guests. Its been that way since 72.

That is an excuse as Shimla agree does NOT alter any position on Kashmir except the wording Ceasfire line to line of control both are same.


and NO shimla did not make it a bilateral issue neither it said it will be solved out of UN chartered.

The very first point of Shimla agreement says that relations between the two countries will be governed by the UN chartered

 

[third eye]

That is an excuse as Shimla agree does NOT alter any position on Kashmir except the wording Ceasfire line to line of control both are same.


and NO shimla did not make it a bilateral issue neither it said it will be solved out of UN chartered.

The very first point of Shimla agreement says that relations between the two countries will be governed by the UN chartered

It says UN Charter NOT UN resolution . Here is the text of the agreement :

The Government of India and the Government of Pakistan are resolved that the two countries put an end to the conflict and confrontation that have hitherto marred their relations and work for the promotion of a friendly and harmonious relationship and the establishment of durable peace in the subcontinent so that both countries may henceforth devote their resources and energies to the pressing task of advancing the welfare of their people.

In order to achieve this objective, the Government of India and the Government of Pakistan have agreed as follows:

(i) That the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations shall govern the relations between the two countries.

(ii) That the two countries are resolved to settle their differences by peaceful means through bilateral negotiations or by any other peaceful means mutually agreed upon between them. Pending the final settlement of any of the problems between the two countries, neither side shall unilaterally alter the situation and both shall prevent the organization, assistance or encouragement of any acts detrimental to the maintenance of peace and harmonious relations.

(iii) That the prerequisite for reconciliation, good neighborliness and durable peace between them is a commitment by both the countries to peaceful coexistence respect for each others territorial integrity and sovereignty and noninterference in each others internal affairs, on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.

(iv) That the basic issues and causes of conflict which have bedeviled the relations between the two countries for the last 25 years shall be resolved by peaceful means.

(v) That they shall always respect each others national unity, territorial integrity, political independence and sovereign equality.

(vi) That in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, they will refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of each other.

Both governments will take all steps within their power to prevent hostile propaganda directed against each other. Both countries will encourage the dissemination of such information as would promote the development of friendly relations between them.

In order progressively to restore and normalize relations between the two countries step by step, it was agreed that:

(i) Steps shall be taken to resume communications, postal, telegraphic, sea, land, including border posts, and air links, including over flights.

(ii) Appropriate steps shall be taken to promote travel facilities for the nationals of the other country.

(iii) Trade and cooperation in economic and other agreed fields will be resumed as far as possible.

(iv) Exchange in the fields of science and culture will be promoted.

In this connection delegations from the two countries will meet from time to time to work out the necessary details.

In order to initiate the process of the establishment of durable peace, both the governments agree that:

(i) Indian and Pakistani forces shall be withdrawn to their side of the international border.

(ii) In Jammu and Kashmir, the line of control resulting from the ceasefire of December 17, 1971, shall be respected by both sides without prejudice to the recognized position of either side. Neither side shall seek to alter it unilaterally, irrespective of mutual differences and legal interpretations. Both sides further undertake to refrain from the threat or the use of force in violation of this line.

(iii) The withdrawals shall commence upon entry into force of this agreement and shall be completed within a period of 30 days thereof.

This agreement will be subject to ratification by both countries in accordance with their respective constitutional procedures, and will come into force with effect from the date on which the instruments of ratification are exchanged.

Both governments agree that their respective heads will meet again at a mutually convenient time in the future and that in the meanwhile the representatives of the two sides will meet to discuss further the modalities and arrangements for the establishment of durable peace and normalization of relations, including the questions of repatriation of prisoners of war and civilian internees, a final settlement of Jammu and Kashmir and the resumption of diplomatic relations.

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto President Islamic Republic of Pakistan

Indira Gandhi Prime Minister India

Simla, the 2 July 1972.

 

[Spring Onion]

It says UN Charter NOT UN resolution . Here is the text of the agreement :

The Government of India and the Government of Pakistan are resolved that the two countries put an end to the conflict and confrontation that have hitherto marred their relations and work for the promotion of a friendly and harmonious relationship and the establishment of durable peace in the subcontinent so that both countries may henceforth devote their resources and energies to the pressing task of advancing the welfare of their people.

In order to achieve this objective, the Government of India and the Government of Pakistan have agreed as follows:

(i) That the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations shall govern the relations between the two countries.

(ii) That the two countries are resolved to settle their differences by peaceful means through bilateral negotiations or by any other peaceful means mutually agreed upon between them. Pending the final settlement of any of the problems between the two countries, neither side shall unilaterally alter the situation and both shall prevent the organization, assistance or encouragement of any acts detrimental to the maintenance of peace and harmonious relations.

(iii) That the prerequisite for reconciliation, good neighborliness and durable peace between them is a commitment by both the countries to peaceful coexistence respect for each others territorial integrity and sovereignty and noninterference in each others internal affairs, on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.

(iv) That the basic issues and causes of conflict which have bedeviled the relations between the two countries for the last 25 years shall be resolved by peaceful means.

(v) That they shall always respect each others national unity, territorial integrity, political independence and sovereign equality.

(vi) That in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, they will refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of each other.

Both governments will take all steps within their power to prevent hostile propaganda directed against each other. Both countries will encourage the dissemination of such information as would promote the development of friendly relations between them.

In order progressively to restore and normalize relations between the two countries step by step, it was agreed that:

(i) Steps shall be taken to resume communications, postal, telegraphic, sea, land, including border posts, and air links, including over flights.

(ii) Appropriate steps shall be taken to promote travel facilities for the nationals of the other country.

(iii) Trade and cooperation in economic and other agreed fields will be resumed as far as possible.

(iv) Exchange in the fields of science and culture will be promoted.

In this connection delegations from the two countries will meet from time to time to work out the necessary details.

In order to initiate the process of the establishment of durable peace, both the governments agree that:

(i) Indian and Pakistani forces shall be withdrawn to their side of the international border.

(ii) In Jammu and Kashmir, the line of control resulting from the ceasefire of December 17, 1971, shall be respected by both sides without prejudice to the recognized position of either side. Neither side shall seek to alter it unilaterally, irrespective of mutual differences and legal interpretations. Both sides further undertake to refrain from the threat or the use of force in violation of this line.

(iii) The withdrawals shall commence upon entry into force of this agreement and shall be completed within a period of 30 days thereof.

This agreement will be subject to ratification by both countries in accordance with their respective constitutional procedures, and will come into force with effect from the date on which the instruments of ratification are exchanged.

Both governments agree that their respective heads will meet again at a mutually convenient time in the future and that in the meanwhile the representatives of the two sides will meet to discuss further the modalities and arrangements for the establishment of durable peace and normalization of relations, including the questions of repatriation of prisoners of war and civilian internees, a final settlement of Jammu and Kashmir and the resumption of diplomatic relations.

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto President Islamic Republic of Pakistan

Indira Gandhi Prime Minister India

Simla, the 2 July 1972.

1. i know what is the text of the agreement is

2. Under UN charter the Kashmir resolution was passed by mutual consent of India and Pakistan back then.

3. where in Shimla agreement it is mentioned that Kashmir is a bilateral issue and UN has no role.

4. read this part of the shimla agreement which says

"
(ii) In Jammu and Kashmir, the line of control resulting from the ceasefire of December 17, 1971, shall be respected by both sides without prejudice to the recognized position of either side. Neither side shall seek to alter it unilaterally, irrespective of mutual differences and legal interpretations. Both sides further undertake to refrain from the threat or the use of force in violation of this line

Source: http://www.defence.pk/forums/centra...mogip-un-mission-india-pak.html#ixzz2IngsrulI


what is the recognised position of both by the international community?


The recognised position of both Pakistan and India is that one each part of Kashmir is under control of the both and the territory is not part of anyone of them and its a disputed land.

 

[third eye]

1. i know what is the text of the agreement is

2. Under UN charter the Kashmir resolution was passed by mutual consent of India and Pakistan back then.

3. where in Shimla agreement it is mentioned that Kashmir is a bilateral issue and UN has no role.


4. read this part of the shimla agreement which says

"
(ii) In Jammu and Kashmir, the line of control resulting from the ceasefire of December 17, 1971, shall be respected by both sides without prejudice to the recognized position of either side. Neither side shall seek to alter it unilaterally, irrespective of mutual differences and legal interpretations. Both sides further undertake to refrain from the threat or the use of force in violation of this line

Source: http://www.defence.pk/forums/centra...mogip-un-mission-india-pak.html#ixzz2IngsrulI


what is the recognised position of both by the international community?


The recognised position of both Pakistan and India is that one each part of Kashmir is under control of the both and the territory is not part of anyone of them and its a disputed land.

Bilateral means involving two parties hence no room for a third.

Thats how India sees it and keeps it that way.

If Pak has a concern on this it should go ahead & do what it pleases to change it. Its the Pres of the UNSC these days , what better time than this ?

 

[third eye]

Line of Control acquires Ghanaian military official as head of UN observer group


NEW YORK: A top Ghanaian military official has been appointed the head of the UN military observer group stationed along the LoC between India and Pakistan.

UN chief Ban Ki-moon announced the appointment of Major General Delali Johnson Sakyi of Ghana as Chief Military Observer and Head of Mission for the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP).

Sakyi, 59, succeeds Major General Young-Bum Choi of the Republic of Korea, who completed his two-year assignment in June.

With more than 35 years of military command and staff experience at national and international levels, Sakyi served most recently as the Force Commander for the UN Mission in South Sudan.

He has held command and staff positions in the Ghana Armed Forces including Assistant Commandant of the Ghana Armed Forces Command and Staff College, Junior Division and Commander of the Army Combat Training School.

 

[shuntmaster]

‘No relevance’, Centre asks UN mission to vacate Delhi office
Written by Shubhajit Roy | New Delhi | July 8, 2014 2:42 am

The UNMOGIP office in New Delhi. ( Express photo by Amit Mehra )

UNMOGIP was meant to supervise the ceasefire line established under the Karachi Agreement of July 1949.

India asks all sides to abjure violence
The Narendra Modi government has asked the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) to vacate the government bungalow housing its office in the heart of the Capital, in a sign of its toughening stand towards the UN mission.

The Indian Express has learnt that South Block has asked the UNMOGIP to vacate the bungalow — 1AB, Purana Qila Road — which has been serving as its office for the last four decades. The government accommodation — a Type VII bungalow, about 7,000 square feet — was allotted to the UN mission “free of charge”.

Sources said in its recent communication to the UN, the government has conveyed that the UNMOGIP’s role has been overtaken by the Simla Agreement and the consequent establishment of the Line of Control. New Delhi is of the view that the UNMOGIP has “no relevance or role to play whatsoever”.

The UNMOGIP, established under a UN Security Council Resolution, was meant to supervise the ceasefire line established under the Karachi Agreement of July 1949.

The government’s decision is being seen as a move to convey Delhi’s desire to not engage with the UN mission in Delhi. “They should stay in Srinagar and do what they want. In case they want to be stationed in Delhi, they should hire premises in a private property and not occupy the government accommodation,” said a senior official requesting anonymity.

When contacted, UNMOGIP’s Military Information Officer Major Tomas Malm, who is based in Srinagar, confirmed that the government has asked them to vacate the premises. “UNMOGIP’s response is to relocate to another location in Delhi,” he said. Asked if they have been told the reason for this directive, he said, “The Indian authorities’ reason is unknown to UNMOGIP.”

Asked if the move reflected New Delhi’s stand towards UNMOGIP, he said, “You have to ask the Indian government regarding their attitude towards us”.

According to a source familiar with the arrangement between South Block and UNMOGIP, the bunglow “was allotted to the UNMOGIP as part of a gentleman’s agreement between Indian officials and the UN mission over 40 years ago. It was meant to be a short-term arrangement, and the UNMOGIP officials were supposed to move to a private hired accommodation. But that never happened.”

Even as South Block officials are yet to get the property vacated, the Ministry of External Affairs’ finance department has told them that it will not be able to provide budgetary support for such “goodwill gestures”.

 

[third eye]

A good move, it is irrelevant after the Shimla agreement & serves no purpose at all.