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Here's how airborne jammers can hammer high-powered ground radars...
Remember how radars work - they transmit a pulse which is spreading out and decreasing in power with the square of the distance. The pulse hits a target, and the target reflects just a tiny fraction of the pulse back, which further decays with the distance.
These numbers are just made up to illustrate:
Ground radar generates a 100,000 watt radar signal, and maybe 10 watts hits a target. The target reflects 10% of that, so only 1 watt is sent back to the radar. This 1 watt decays (due to distance) to 0.1 watts, barely above background noise. So all the target needs to do is send more than 1 watt, and its jamming signal will be much more powerful than the real pulse.
There are circuits these days that can analyze a radar signal, and in real time, replicate it perfectly except it inserts spoofing into the echo. The ground radar can't tell which signal is the real echo. The spoofing can move the target in 3D space, or make false targets, totally disrupting the air defense capabilities. Expensive SAMs get launched at phantom targets that don't exist.