AgNoStiC MuSliM
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This is going off on somewhat of a tangent - whether Mandela was a complete pacifist does not negate the point I am making, that the violence against non-combatants by the East Pakistani insurgents was unjustifiable and inexcusable.Agnostic,
a. To say that movement by ANC for rights of indigenous Africans was only peaceful is completely inaccurate. There was a lot of violence especially after the Sharpeville massacre. Mandela himself co-founded the armed wing of the ANC - "Spear of the Nation" (there is a specific African term - I forget) - so while I admire the man deeply - he was hardly MLK or the Dalai Lama.
On the subject of Mandela, some quick quotes from Wiki:
Fellow ANC member Wolfie Kadesh explains the bombing campaign led by Mandela: "When we knew that we [sic] going to start on 16 December 1961, to blast the symbolic places of apartheid, like pass offices, native magistrates courts, and things like that ... post offices and ... the government offices. But we were to do it in such a way that nobody would be hurt, nobody would get killed."[34] Mandela said of Wolfie: "His knowledge of warfare and his first hand battle experience were extremely helpful to me."[10]
Mandela described the move to armed struggle as a last resort; years of increasing repression and violence from the state convinced him that many years of non-violent protest against apartheid had not and could not achieve any progress.[10][35]
Later, mostly in the 1980s, MK waged a guerrilla war against the apartheid regime in which many civilians became casualties.[33] Mandela later admitted that the ANC, in its struggle against apartheid, also violated human rights, sharply criticising those in his own party who attempted to remove statements supporting this fact from the reports of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.[36]
The above would indicate that while Mandela was not a complete pacifist, he did not envision killing non-combatants either, and was critical of the violence that did occur. The link I gave you however clearly shows that not only did the East Pakistani separatists seek to kill people, they deliberately sought out West Pakistani and Bihari non-combatants, women and children included, and butchered them in cold blood, before any major PA ops.
Its simple - the insurgents butchered non-combatants in pursuit of a political cause - that is terrorism, whether the LeT does it in Mumbai, or the EP separatists did it in East Pakistan, or the Taliban do it in FATA.b. We will never reconcile to the terrorist/separatist/freedom fighter kaleidoscopic view. I am trying to look at it from your perspective - and I see your point but I can't concur.
No doubt there was alienation, discrimination and unequal treatment, especially in the matter of resource distribution, but the fact of the matter is that it never got anywhere close to the levels we saw in other nations such as South Africa, British India, or the US. And while the political system was a sham given military rule, political rights were suspended for all Pakistanis, not just East Pakistan, and East Pakistanis continued to have the right to participate in the political process. Rigging elections or usurping power by sidelining the winning candidate did not happen in Pakistan in 1971 alone, these things have happened and will continue to happen in the world. The response by the separatists on the other hand was completely barbaric an inexcusable - going on a butchering spree against West Pakistanis, instigating rebellion and creating a general state of chaos and mayhem was the wrong path to take and in many cases the actions equated to terrorism.c. There is no smoke without fire. Are you suggesting the erstwhile East Pakistanis woke up one day, twirled their mustaches collectively and said, "Let's commit atrocities against the West Pakistanis" - if you are correct - what actually led to such behavior?
d.Intent matters - If an army/police force deliberately targets and kills non-combatants then I agree that it has engaged in terrorism, just as that label would, IMO, apply to a non-state actor doing so.They are terrorists just like the East Pakistani separatists who engaged in violence against non-combatants were terrorists. [\QUOTE]
Nope. By that logic - all Armies are terrorists - the Indian one in Kashmir/Sri Lanka, the Pakistani one in Bangladesh/NWFP/Balochistan, the Americans just about everywhere. We all know that non-combatants are often referred to as "collateral damage". We must look at the cause that these entities support. That would be the differentiation.