dexter
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Submarines were crucial to both the Allies and the Axis powers during World War II. The German Navy would build 1,156 U-boats, of which 784 were lost from enemy action or other causes. U-boats hit no less than 3,474 Allied ships, sinking enemy ships in areas as distant as the Dutch East Indies and the Arctic Ocean. On the Allied side, US submarines sank 1,314 Japanese navy and merchant ships in the Pacific, with submarines accounting for decimating 60% of Japan’s merchant navy fleet, severely crippling the Japanese war economy.
During the conflict, submarine warfare was widespread and merciless, but after the end of the war, it just seemed to… stop. While submarines continue to be an integral part of navies around the world, there have been only 2 submarines that sank enemy ships in combat since..
PNS Hangor :
The sub that provides the first break in the post World War II dry spell is from Pakistan. The Pakistani submarine PNS Hangor — a French-built Daphne-class boat — was the vessel that pulled it off during operations in the Arabian Sea during the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War. A Daphne-class vessel displaced 1,043 tons, had a top speed of 16 knots, and had 12 22-inch torpedo tubes (eight forward, four aft), each pre-loaded.
On December 9, 1971, the Hangor detected two Indian frigates near its position. The submarine's captain dove deep and got ready to fight. India had sent two Blackwood-class frigates, INS Khukri and INS Kirpan, out of three built for them by the United Kingdom to patrol in the area. These frigates were designed to hunt submarines. Only this time, the sub hunted them.
The Hangor fired a torpedo at the Kirpan, which dodged. Then the Khukri pressed in for an attack. The Hangor sent a torpedo at the Khukri, and this time scored a hit that left the Indian frigate sinking. The Kirpan tried to attack again, and was targeted with another torpedo for her trouble. The Kirpan evaded a direct hit, and Indian and Pakistani versions dispute whether that frigate was damaged. The Hangor made her getaway. Later on, the submarine was preserved at the Pakistan Maritime museum when it was decommissioned in 2006.
HMS Conqueror :
Just over 10 years after PNS Hangor ended the dry spell, HMS Conqueror got on the board – and made history herself. The Conqueror so far is the only nuclear submarine to sink an enemy warship in combat.
The Conqueror, a 5,400 ton Churchill-class submarine, was armed with six 21-inch torpedo tubes. With a top speed of 28 knots, she also didn't have to come up to recharge batteries. That enabled her to reach the South Atlantic after Argentina's 1982 invasion of the Falklands, touching off the Falklands War.
In a sense, the Argentinean cruiser ARA Gen. Belgrano — formerly known as USS Phoenix (CL 46) — really didn't stand a chance. The 12,300 ton cruisers were armed with 15 six-inch guns, eight five-inch guns, and a host of lighter anti-aircraft guns. As the Gen. Belgrano approached the exclusionary zone declared by the Brits, the Conqueror began to track the cruiser. Finally, on May 2, 1982, she got the orders to attack. The Conqueror fired three Mark 8 torpedoes and scored two hits on the cruiser. The General Belgrano went down with 323 souls.
The Conqueror's attack sent the rest of the Argentinean fleet running back to port. The British eventually re-took the Falkland Islands. The Conqueror is presently awaiting scrapping after being retired in 1990.
