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Strike Packages versus Today's Air Defence- A simulated look

SQ8

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In the past I have posted streams of simulated warfare between various forces within a mid range combat simulator run by a friend of mine. I decided to have him do something showing the fairly real unpredictability and variance of Air Warfare even in a computer program and what just basic smart combat controllers can do and so can stupid ones. In addition, the idea was to show an emphasis on why in today's modern warfare scenario; stand-off is the name of the game for any side to avoid losing assets even against an inferior enemy.

The most suitable and known element was to do a PAF vs IAF simulation.
Each IAF asset in a reasonable strike package is simulated as below. It is important to state that in terms of Radar capability, electronic warfare capability,RCS and weapons fit; efforts have been made to give it truest to the immediate future. For the most part, No biased superiority was given to PAF equipment and for the most part IAF equipment is superior in most respects(because we have the usual cry babies sure to comment).
In addition, all IAF assets are linked by simulated "AFNET" which shares radar data.
There was no participation by the user in any of these so to not add a human tilt to either side.

However, friendly side is shown as IAF hence the terrible radio chatter(my friend would appreciate any help with local voices) is from the IAF side.
Lastly, AI pilot skills have been kept at random for both sides. So both sides had a mix of experienced flyers and rookies.
This simulation was run at least 15 times and the results varied EVERY TIME. I asked for the 4 most different results.

To keep a control,the strike package which remained unchanged in its ingress and package pattern to allow uniformity.

The package consisted of the following:
4 x M2K-9 -- This was the main strike package with one flight tasked with a coastal target and the other was to hit an associated airfield close by.
4 x Su-30MKI --These were Providing a low-med escort to protect the flight from air assets.
2 x Rafale DH-- SEAD Aircraft tasked with taking out ADA radars.
2 x Rafale EH-- Escort for SEAD
2 x Su-30MKI -- Decoy Strike package simulating a more western approach
2 x Tejas mk.1-- Decoy Strike package simulating a more western approach
1 x C-130J -- Commando Unit simulating a drop to hit a terrorist camp
1 x Mi-8SAR-- Simulating pickup of raid or SAR
1 x A-50Ehl Proving AEW


The ground based Air Defence was kept unchanged:
1 x SPADA 2000 battery
1 x Crotale
1 x LD-2000 system
4 x Anza placed on assumed approaches
4 x Oerlikon on approach
6 x Oerlikon on airfield.

The variance was in the defenders and was confined to changing one flight of its equipment and in one case using a smart GCI tactic of low flying pincer intercepts versus normal intercept patterns.
The 1st Defense scenario shown is below- This shows a very optimistic result for the attack force. Although iterations were done apparently in which the strike force took heavy losses due to a simple change in altitude of the interceptors.
Defense Package is:
2 x F-16MLU - Launched when strike is assumed detected 10 minutes out.
2 x JF-17 - Standing Combat Air Patrol
2 x JF-17 - Alert 5 intercept.

Unexpectedly, even with radar coverage and datalink- the combination of intercept approaches and basic RCS vs Radar capability lets the defenders get some shots off. However, the following barrage of BVR shots makes generally short work of the Air component of Defence.
The SPADA 2000 is utterly useless against most modern threats with electronic warfare and the Rafales make quick work of its FCR with the AASM. They do however take a loss or two to the Crotale component but the targets are hit.
Result:
Strike force 100% success- 3-4 Losses
Defenders- All lost

The 2nd Defense scenario: This was an attempt to change the equipment parity further in favor of the IAF by changing the F-16s to Mirage-IIIROSE-I. Altitude for the JF-17CAP was reduced from 5000ft to 2000ft.
However, the results were less rosy for the strike force. The Jf-17s are still able to get a few shots off and hit the main strike force. That Defense component is swiftly dealt with by the MKIs but they end up distracted by the ROSE Mirages and fall to the intercept JF-17s. Eventually, the Strike package is able to break through but the M2k flight has to Jettison its load when it hits the ANZA battery at the approach. The SEAD mission still makes short work of the SPADA2000.
Result:
Strike force \: Failure- 5-6 Losses
Defenders- All lost

The 3rd Scenario is more interesting. The CAP altitude was reset to 3000ft but the following equipment changes were made. The JF-17s on CAP were given dual SD-10 launchers and the Alert 10 was changed to a F-16 Block-52. This time, the Strike package took more of a mauling from the interceptors that led to some interesting dogfights in which the Striking force prevailed eventually. The Mirages however made it to target and the mission could be considered a success.
Result:
Strike force \: Success- 6-8 Losses
Defenders- All lost

The last Scenario has the same equipment as above, but the CAP altitude was reduced again to 2000ft and the pincer extended further. The result was a massacre for the strike package who also ended up losing the Commando Raid.
Result:
Strike force \: Failure- 10-12 Losses
Defenders- 1 x F-16 Block 52 Active- possibly 2 x JF-17 Still active

All the above simulations had varying results, but the following things came out certain.

1. Even in the face of superior equipment - Smart ground control of intercepts can lead to some success for outnumbered defenders.

2. MANPADS and AAA pose a significant threat to any low level attack.

3. Most Semi-Active SAMs are useless against a concentrated attack.

4. RCS vs Radar range, power and clutter are very fluid and determine the play of combat.


Any additional observations are welcome. This is a 70-80% realism in terms of every aspect of aircombat so it is NOT the real thing or something to take personally as many here are capable of.

Requests for changes to the scenario , tweaks and redos are welcome but please keep in mind that this goes to third party for simulation and upload. The guy takes his time to respond. @Dazzler @Windjammer @Bilal Khan (Quwa) @Arsalan @Zarvan and whoever else might be interested can be tagged.

Finally, those here to whine will be thrown out of the thread without second guessing.
 
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Interestingly disappointing results from PAF's perspective.

How would the results change if defending air assets are 50% of strike package (8 instead of 6) 4 each of Thunders with dual SD 10 launchers 4 each of F16 (2 block 52, 2 MLU) with six Aim 120 each.

Replace Spada 2000 battery with LY80

Add one LY80 battery in addition to one Spada battery
 
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Based on today's EW/ECM environment, I can't understand why the PAF and PA invested in semi-active radar-homing (SARH)-based short and medium-range SAMs. I understand using SARH with long-range SAMs as there is a lead-time thanks to the long-range radar and 100+ km missile, but at 20-50 km, the SAMs should have terminal-stage seekers and data-link connectivity.

The terminal stage seeker - especially IIR (e.g. Umkhonto, Hisar-O, etc) - provides an ECCM layer against radar-jamming. It also gives an emergency fire-control solution should the FCR be taken out. However, data-link could kick-in and help the missiles get mid-course guidance from radars stationed away from the combat area. Instead of the Spada 2000 and HQ-16 (collectively worth $1bn+ mind you!) Pakistan should have aimed for something akin to the SPYDER. Yes, the SPYDER itself isn't available, but binding the A-Darter (or PL-10) and Umkhonto EIR (or IIR-seeker'ed HQ-16) with long-range AESA radars could be done.

As for interceptors. Pakistan's supplier reality is that F-16s aren't readily available. Could increasing the force with more JF-17s - especially Block-III (raising the fleet from 50 to 150) - and allocating more of those as interceptors help?

Interestingly disappointing results from PAF's perspective.

How would the results change if defending air assets are 50% of strike package (8 instead of 6) 4 each of Thunders with dual SD 10 launchers 4 each of F16 (2 block 52, 2 MLU) with six Aim 120 each.

Replace Spada 2000 battery with LY80

Add one LY80 battery in addition to one Spada battery
Replacing the Spada 2000 with the LY-80/HQ-16 doesn't resolve the fundamental problem - i.e lack of ECCM against jamming and reliance on nearby FCRs.
 
. .
Requests for changes to the scenario , tweaks and redos are welcome but please keep in mind that this goes to third party for simulation and upload. The guy takes his time to respond. @Dazzler @Windjammer @Bilal Khan (Quwa) @Arsalan @Zarvan and whoever else might be interested can be tagged.

Finally, those here to whine will be thrown out of the thread without second guessing.
can you ask him to replace the spada with hq 16 A or B which ever we have (i know its spadas duty to protect the airfields but still just to see how well hq 16 can perform) and the crotale with fm 90.add AWACS in the mix and if he has some spare time ask him to do two different scenarios one with the saab other with ZDK.
and pls do tag me next time
thanks

Interestingly disappointing results from PAF's perspective.

How would the results change if defending air assets are 50% of strike package (8 instead of 6) 4 each of Thunders with dual SD 10 launchers 4 each of F16 (2 block 52, 2 MLU) with six Aim 120 each.

Replace Spada 2000 battery with LY80

Add one LY80 battery in addition to one Spada battery
don't you think that will defeat the purpose of this exercise. to show how unpredictable air combat can be even with the seemingly inferior enemy.
 
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@Oscar it seems in a head-to-head the CAP's survivability isn't too good. What happens if:

1. Immediately after the first BVR shots the CAP ascends to 30000-50000 ft.
2. Starts off at 30000-50000 ft.
 
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Have forwarded requests, give it a day or so.

Interestingly disappointing results from PAF's perspective.

How would the results change if defending air assets are 50% of strike package (8 instead of 6) 4 each of Thunders with dual SD 10 launchers 4 each of F16 (2 block 52, 2 MLU) with six Aim 120 each.

Replace Spada 2000 battery with LY80

Add one LY80 battery in addition to one Spada battery
I stuck to the SPADA be a that is the static asset for base defense. Ly-80 looks focused for the Army

@Oscar it seems in a head-to-head the CAP's survivability isn't too good. What happens if:

1. Immediately after the first BVR shots the CAP ascends to 30000-50000 ft.
2. Starts off at 30000-50000 ft.
2 looks more likely doable

can you ask him to replace the spada with hq 16 A or B which ever we have (i know its spadas duty to protect the airfields but still just to see how well hq 16 can perform) and the crotale with fm 90.add AWACS in the mix and if he has some spare time ask him to do two different scenarios one with the saab other with ZDK.
and pls do tag me next time
thanks


don't you think that will defeat the purpose of this exercise. to show how unpredictable air combat can be even with the seemingly inferior enemy.
No ZdK available thus far, I suppose a E-2 can be a good stand in
 
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Sorry didn't understand your point.

Unpredictability would still be there, the aggressors had a considerable numerical advantage 16:6, Their real war time advantage would be close to 2:1, so no harm in trying that scenario too. besides these are just games.

don't you think that will defeat the purpose of this exercise. to show how unpredictable air combat can be even with the seemingly inferior enemy.
 
.
In the past I have posted streams of simulated warfare between various forces within a mid range combat simulator run by a friend of mine. I decided to have him do something showing the fairly real unpredictability and variance of Air Warfare even in a computer program and what just basic smart combat controllers can do and so can stupid ones. In addition, the idea was to show an emphasis on why in today's modern warfare scenario; stand-off is the name of the game for any side to avoid losing assets even against an inferior enemy.

The most suitable and known element was to do a PAF vs IAF simulation.
Each IAF asset in a reasonable strike package is simulated as below. It is important to state that in terms of Radar capability, electronic warfare capability,RCS and weapons fit; efforts have been made to give it truest to the immediate future. For the most part, No biased superiority was given to PAF equipment and for the most part IAF equipment is superior in most respects(because we have the usual cry babies sure to comment).
In addition, all IAF assets are linked by simulated "AFNET" which shares radar data.
There was no participation by the user in any of these so to not add a human tilt to either side.

However, friendly side is shown as IAF hence the terrible radio chatter(my friend would appreciate any help with local voices) is from the IAF side.
Lastly, AI pilot skills have been kept at random for both sides. So both sides had a mix of experienced flyers and rookies.
This simulation was run at least 15 times and the results varied EVERY TIME. I asked for the 4 most different results.

To keep a control,the strike package which remained unchanged in its ingress and package pattern to allow uniformity.

The package consisted of the following:
4 x M2K-9 -- This was the main strike package with one flight tasked with a coastal target and the other was to hit an associated airfield close by.
4 x Su-30MKI --These were Providing a low-med escort to protect the flight from air assets.
2 x Rafale DH-- SEAD Aircraft tasked with taking out ADA radars.
2 x Rafale EH-- Escort for SEAD
2 x Su-30MKI -- Decoy Strike package simulating a more western approach
2 x Tejas mk.1-- Decoy Strike package simulating a more western approach
1 x C-130J -- Commando Unit simulating a drop to hit a terrorist camp
1 x Mi-8SAR-- Simulating pickup of raid or SAR
1 x A-50Ehl Proving AEW


The ground based Air Defence was kept unchanged:
1 x SPADA 2000 battery
1 x Crotale
1 x LD-2000 system
4 x Anza placed on assumed approaches
4 x Oerlikon on approach
6 x Oerlikon on airfield.

The variance was in the defenders and was confined to changing one flight of its equipment and in one case using a smart GCI tactic of low flying pincer intercepts versus normal intercept patterns.
The 1st Defense scenario shown is below- This shows a very optimistic result for the attack force. Although iterations were done apparently in which the strike force took heavy losses due to a simple change in altitude of the interceptors.
Defense Package is:
2 x F-16MLU - Launched when strike is assumed detected 10 minutes out.
2 x JF-17 - Standing Combat Air Patrol
2 x JF-17 - Alert 5 intercept.

Unexpectedly, even with radar coverage and datalink- the combination of intercept approaches and basic RCS vs Radar capability lets the defenders get some shots off. However, the following barrage of BVR shots makes generally short work of the Air component of Defence.
The SPADA 2000 is utterly useless against most modern threats with electronic warfare and the Rafales make quick work of its FCR with the AASM. They do however take a loss or two to the Crotale component but the targets are hit.
Result:
Strike force 100% success- 3-4 Losses
Defenders- All lost

The 2nd Defense scenario: This was an attempt to change the equipment parity further in favor of the IAF by changing the F-16s to Mirage-IIIROSE-I. Altitude for the JF-17CAP was reduced from 5000ft to 2000ft.
However, the results were less rosy for the strike force. The Jf-17s are still able to get a few shots off and hit the main strike force. That Defense component is swiftly dealt with by the MKIs but they end up distracted by the ROSE Mirages and fall to the intercept JF-17s. Eventually, the Strike package is able to break through but the M2k flight has to Jettison its load when it hits the ANZA battery at the approach. The SEAD mission still makes short work of the SPADA2000.
Result:
Strike force \: Failure- 5-6 Losses
Defenders- All lost

The 3rd Scenario is more interesting. The CAP altitude was reset to 3000ft but the following equipment changes were made. The JF-17s on CAP were given dual SD-10 launchers and the Alert 10 was changed to a F-16 Block-52. This time, the Strike package took more of a mauling from the interceptors that led to some interesting dogfights in which the Striking force prevailed eventually. The Mirages however made it to target and the mission could be considered a success.
Result:
Strike force \: Success- 6-8 Losses
Defenders- All lost

The last Scenario has the same equipment as above, but the CAP altitude was reduced again to 2000ft and the pincer extended further. The result was a massacre for the strike package who also ended up losing the Commando Raid.
Result:
Strike force \: Failure- 10-12 Losses
Defenders- 1 x F-16 Block 52 Active- possibly 2 x JF-17 Still active

All the above simulations had varying results, but the following things came out certain.

1. Even in the face of superior equipment - Smart ground control of intercepts can lead to some success for outnumbered defenders.

2. MANPADS and AAA pose a significant threat to any low level attack.

3. Most Semi-Active SAMs are useless against a concentrated attack.

4. RCS vs Radar range, power and clutter are very fluid and determine the play of combat.


Any additional observations are welcome. This is a 70-80% realism in terms of every aspect of aircombat so it is NOT the real thing or something to take personally as many here are capable of.

Requests for changes to the scenario , tweaks and redos are welcome but please keep in mind that this goes to third party for simulation and upload. The guy takes his time to respond. @Dazzler @Windjammer @Bilal Khan (Quwa) @Arsalan @Zarvan and whoever else might be interested can be tagged.

Finally, those here to whine will be thrown out of the thread without second guessing.
Very very interesting simulation. The best thing is that it takes into consideration the numerical advantage. This is a 16 vs 6 scenario, probably the worst it can get in real time war situation (although i do not think it will get even this bad). I think adding two more JF-17 with dual SD10 will make it a more realistic 16 vs 8, 2:1 game. However the Indians are likely yo throw in a couple of extra MKIs for there main attack anyway so i am not sure.

There is this AWACS aspect however that needs to be considered. Pakistan do have a half decent integrated radar coverage and that will enable us to detect the incoming enemy aircraft. Early detection will be of help in case of defense.

One thing i noticed is that if we can get a better SAM system in future that will make our life much more easier. Ground based air defense is NOT a thing of the past for sure. Need some better SAM systems to make the defense that much more stronger. Turkey and South Africa need to be considered as partners.

P.S. I still have no idea how you or that fiend of your do these simulations. This is using some easily available software or is it a geek thing? Very interesting indeed.
 
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Indeed an eye opener for our Air Force and normally the simulations are very close to actual reality , One query you have added Rafale in strike support package so it means the simulation is 2020 and beyond at that time if nothing new inducted at least block 3 with AESA a possibility ,so what will be the outcome with AESA equipped JF17 .
Thank you and very nice effort
 
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Why no Erieyes or KE-8s with defenders? And what about PAF's own C4I as you mentioned IAF having AFNET support.
 
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Indeed an eye opener for our Air Force and normally the simulations are very close to actual reality , One query you have added Rafale in strike support package so it means the simulation is 2020 and beyond at that time if nothing new inducted at least block 3 with AESA a possibility ,so what will be the outcome with AESA equipped JF17 .
Thank you and very nice effort
comparison between the future fleet of IAF with the current fleet of PAF is unjust.
 
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rafale is,real force multiplier

The scalp cruise missle has a Max range if 600 km and the missle has stealth capability . India being a mtcr member can buy over the normal three hundred kilometre range cap now .

The meteor bvr is the best long range air air missle in the wold..

This plane will wreck havoc unless paf do something to answer this threat from 2019.onwards

I m not sure that a typical Indian strike package will be sixteen planes more like 10 or 12,going by exercises in cope India with USA
 
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