Did you just say an air to air missile can destroy an S-500 which basically is a ballistic missile?
The S-500 can travel at nearly Mach 21, your average air to air missile flies at about Mach 2.5-3.0. It wouldn’t have the kinetic energy or range. Most air to air missile have a hard time hitting slow aircraft, thus salvos of missiles usually have to be fired to successful shoot down an aircraft. Your assertion is preposterous.
You do not need long range to shoot down a missile which travels towards You.
You also do not need high speed to hit a missile travelling towards You.
Actually you can disable a missile by putting a stationary object in its path.
Zero Range, Zero Speed...
What you need is to detect the speed and direction of the incoming missile
and be able to calculate when to detonate.
It is highly unlikely that the S-500 will manouver, so it will be much easier to hit than an airplane trying to manouver its way out of the track of an incoming missile.
As for kinetic energy, the S-500 is not significantly different in size than a fighter.
That Russian missiles are highly unreliable is well known, but modern Western missiles have much improved Pk.
ICBMs reach MACH 21, but they do not need to manouver to hit a moving target.
An S-500 hunting for an ICBM might reach that speed. Will it be able to reach that speed hunting at 10,000 meters?
Whether it works in practice with todays missile or not is unlikely to be public information.
There is nothing stopping someone from developing such counter measure.