Renewable Energy in Turkey

[KediKesenFare3]

Central anatolia has vast unused land and many sun hours per year, why are they wasting this potential, solar energy is basically non existent in those charts.


Solar energy farm in California.

When it comes to energy projects, the government is working to slow. But in this particularly topic regarding solar energy development I have to admit they are on the right track. The gov't doesn't want to buy solar panels and technology off the shelve from foreign companies anymore. That's why they have implemented the strictest local content rules for PV worldwide. Any company that wants to win the 1,3-Billion-USD tender at the end of this month hast to offer a great share of ToT.

(...)
The project stipulates using domestic technology, research and development (R&D) studies and employing 80 percent domestic engineers. All processes required to create a solar model will be actualized in Turkey. This is a stipulation that will pave the way for technology-based domestic production in the country. The government will encourage the successful bidding companies to start energy production as soon as possible considering that the 15-year period of guarantee of purchase will include the production process. As such, the power plant will start producing domestic energy toward the end of 2018. The government also laid down a condition to produce at least 65 percent domestic energy in the first phase and 75 percent in the second phase.


The power plant will provide jobs for at least 1,000 technical staff, including 700 during the construction process, 350 in the operation process, 350 in R&D studies and 100 in engineering studies. (...)
http://www.dailysabah.com/energy/20...olar-plant-to-be-established-in-konya-by-2018

 

[OguzSenturk]

Guys isnt turkey trying to built the world largest solar system ?

3000MW to be built in Konya, idk if its the biggest or not

 

[Saithan]

As long as the construction doesn't occur on fertile soil then I'm not against it. Konya's steppes have for a long time been known as the best place for planting and harvesting.

Turkey’s electricity imports down 34 percent in 2016 amid surge in domestic production, renewables

Turkey's electricity imports decreased by 34 percent in 2016 compared to the previous years amid a rise in domestic production with a special emphasis on renewable energy sources.

The total amount paid for electricity imports dropped by 34 percent to $213.6 million from $325.1 million in 2015, saving more than $111 million amid global strengthening of the US dollar and the fall in Turkish lira's value.

In 2015, 5.31 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity was imported from Turkey's neighboring countries Greece, Bulgaria, Georgia, Iraq and Iran. In 2016, the amount of electricity imported from Greece, Bulgaria, Georgia and Azerbaijan dropped by 17.8 percent to 4.36 billion kWh.

Bulgaria was the primary source of Turkey's electricity imports and sold 2.74 billion kWh of electricity in exchange of $127.4 million, which was followed by Greece, Azerbaijan and Georgia.

source: http://www.dailysabah.com/energy/20...-amid-surge-in-domestic-production-renewables

 

[KediKesenFare3]

Geothermal represents 11% of electricity under Turkey’s renewable FIT scheme in 2016

Germencik 2 (Effe 3) Geothermal Power Plant, Turkey (source: Ormat Technologies)
30 Jan 2017
Under Turkey's renewable energy feed-in-tariff system, around 752 MW of geothermal capacity or 5% of installed renewable energy capacity, produced 11.2% of electricity and generated a FIT payout to geothermal operators of around $695 million.

Under the Turkish Renewable Energy Resources Support Mechanism (YEKDEM), Turkey has published data from clean electricity generation in 2016, as reported today by Anadolu Agency from Turkey.

The YEKDEM program was launched in 2011 with the goal to help efficient use of renewable energy sources and support development.

These capacity payment mechanisms, similar to e.g. the one used in the UK, is a fixed revenue system of payments for participants offering generation capacity.

In 2016, Turkey produced 59 billion kW-hours of renewable energy sourced electricity and plans to expand it to 69 billion kW-hours in 2017. Under the YEKDEM mechanisms, a specific tariff is provided for renewable energy projects, for geothermal energy this tariff is $0.105/kWh, with additional bonus payment for plants utilising equipment made in Turkey.



Last year, the overall installed capacity under YEKDEM was around 14,648 MW from 556 power plants. About 752 MW of geothermal power generation capacity were part of that at the end of 2016. So while this only represents 5% of installed capacity under the scheme, the electricity production from geothermal represents 6.6 bn kWh or 11.2% of total electricity generated in 2016 under the scheme. The payout for geothermal operators was $695 million in 2016.

The installed renewable energy capacity under the YEKDEM scheme is to grow to 17,400 MW from 647 power plants in 2017, of which a not too small part will be from geothermal plants. … we can likely expect another 100-150 MW to be starting operation in Turkey next year.

The tariffs are currently available for renewable energy projects that will be operational at the latest by year-end 2020.

 

[matmat26]

Turkey wind energy potential 40 Gwt. Now half of the current consumption. This potency does not include the sea surface. Wind energy is producing for 24 hours. The sun only makes daytime production. There is no latest technology of solar energy panel production in Turkey. And the world has not reached the latest technology. Solar energy is still developing. It is cheaper every day.

But wind technology has reached its final point. Increased productivity is now provided by software.

Even more important, wind energy is not taking up space. Soil is the most expensive commodity. Turkey has the world's most expensive land. Maybe he can evaluate the mountains. Solar energy is taking up a lot of space. The latest technology is not produced and produced in Turkey. Importing is harmful to the economy.

Turkey's energy consumption will not be so high. There will be lower increases. Because population growth and urbanization slowed down.

Energy is being built in this period. Energy production with less imports. Higher local resource consumption. These are the most important dams, wind energy and coal resources will come to the forefront.


Between 2020 and 2030, natural gas and energy production will decline by 10%.

This is very important.

In 2030 the total capacity will be 90 - 100 gwt. It will be with at least 20 gwt of wind energy.

 

[SouI]

Turkey wind energy potential 40 Gwt. Now half of the current consumption. This potency does not include the sea surface. Wind energy is producing for 24 hours. The sun only makes daytime production.

Batteries to store excess energy to distribute later in mass industrial and commercial scales exist today.

They are "cheaper" than its natural-gas peers "already". They actually became cheaper in the first quarter of 2016.

It only makes financial sense to go with that option, but of course we don't have an industry to satisfy such a possible high demand. We would have to import all those batteries from US, where mass scale use of such have already been and is being put on place, especially in states like California.

We need to build our own "Giga-Factory".

 

[Saithan]

Storing, or exporting overproduction would be more beneficial since we'd still import electricity when in need. Smartgrid would ensure that excessive electricity would be circulated to proper places/countries etc. i.e. if every country in the world had proper solarcelles installed even if there was an overproduction the electricity could be circulated to different places and countries and during nighttime the amount you had produced excessively would be returned, and perhaps you'd have to buy additional energy to cover the consumption during nighttime.

 

[BARS]

Hydro energy (storable for up to a few years) ƒ
Wind energy (non-storable) ƒ
Solar energy (non-storable)
Also consider the cost of storing all those energy.
If everyone would be storing their energy there isnt enough battery making materials in the world in the long run with the current technology.

 

[SouI]

Storing, or exporting overproduction would be more beneficial since we'd still import electricity when in need. Smartgrid would ensure that excessive electricity would be circulated to proper places/countries etc. i.e. if every country in the world had proper solarcelles installed even if there was an overproduction the electricity could be circulated to different places and countries and during nighttime the amount you had produced excessively would be returned, and perhaps you'd have to buy additional energy to cover the consumption during nighttime.

That would increase our dependence on other countries unnecessarily.

We can do that with batteries though.

If everyone would be storing their energy there isnt enough battery making materials in the world in the long run with the current technology.

Well Tesla Giga-Factory itself will produce more batteries than the rest of the world combined.

Battery prices are expected to halve again in this decade versus 4x price the world had in "2013".

 

[Selim I]

Illustrated in figure below the electricity demand of Turkey has been growing rapidly. What surprises most is that the growth rate has been positive despite the 2008-2009 world economic crisis.

Turkey has become one of the fastest growing energy markets among the OECD countries in the world

The below graph shows the official government plan for Turkish energy investments looks like mainly Wind, Hydro and Solar (after 2024)

(From Bloomberg New Energy Finance)

Looking at the below figure around 60% energy by 2030 seems to be from renewable energy sources (including nuclear as renewable - this is open to debate).

(From Bloomberg New Energy Finance)


The solar map is surely abundant for Turkey, as also seen in the below figure. It's almost twice as good as nothern european countries (their mean value lies around 1000 kWh/m^2).

(From SolarGIS)

I made a study to conduct how much space would be required when using PV panels with 20% efficiency, below figure illustrates the area.

Using Vestas 3.3 MW wind turbines the area usage would look like this:

Though this area is calculated with buffer zone, meaning the distance the wind turbines should have between each other, because you can't stack them all at the same place (using danish standards).

Lastly, and most importantly, the wind map of Turkey is very rich, and it's a very legitimate plan of the government to start investing wind rather than solar to begin with, because the cost pr. kWh using wind lies much below solar energy.

The mean value of the capital cost of an onshore wind power system in developed countries is 2075 USD/kW (according to IRENA)

Whilst, it's 3800 USD/kW for Solar PV (utility scale).

Though, one must keep in mind to increase energy security, a mixture of more renewable energy sources will be of best interest for any country, as all renewable energy sources are dependent on the climate situation.

 

[OguzSenturk]

This chart is complately wrong

According to chart, Geothermal capacity to be 456MW at the end of 2018, that figure is already passed 821MW at the end of 2016. According to Chart, we will reach 1000MW Geothermal capacity in 2030, while we will reach 1000MW in 2017 http://www.enerjiatlasi.com/jeotermal/

According to chart, Biomass capacity will be jump from 153MW to 530MW in 4 years, while that figure is passed 436MW at the end of 2016, expected to reach 600MW in 2017; http://www.enerjiatlasi.com/biyogaz/

 

[Selim I]

This chart is complately wrong

Bloomberg New Energy Finance made its forecast at the end of 2014. The report is trying to compare government goals and Bloomberg's own forecasts.

Biomass and Geothermal capacities are still so low that it's insignificant values. More importantly one should look at the wind, solar, hydro and nuclear forecast values. Government plan can though change when years passes, but surely wind energy seems to be the dominant one alongside with hydro (and nuclear) - which I also think is most cost effective.

 

[Timur]

But wind technology has reached its final point

no, wind energy is not at its final point, there are some optimization you can do..
and it does not work 24h a day.. some times it stands still or has to stand still because you do not need that much of energy or there is no wind or there is too much wind...

but what you can do is store the energy if it is not needed.. you can pump air pressure instead of directly creating energy and than store it underground in old salt mines or other.. than you can use that air pressure to generate energy..

also you could create hydrogen and burn it when needed.. but for this you need storage and some other technologies..

so there is a potential storing technology not in batteries but with other materials (air pressure ,pumping water up a hill to a storrage and finally hydrogen also there should be a technology to produce methan from hydrogen but I dont know how efficient and how good it is) yes there is a loss in energy if you want to store it

but you can run your energy as long as possible and store that too much produced energy

but sadly we are not that advanced country to create such unconvential technology

 

[what]

One thing we're not even working on is efficiency. Like better insulation or getting rid of ordinary light bulbs, like the EU did. Small changes can make a big difference.

 

[KediKesenFare3]

Windmills in Kayseri

Windmills in Izmir

Tekirdag