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Whether Nawaz Sharif actually supplied this info or not is not the point. You can't tell me that even after the the conflict started NS was not aware of it. I have heard Sartaj Aziz, then Foreign Minister, on the BBC TV that it was only the Mujahideen and PA was only providing logistics support and Pakistan had no control over them thus unable to bring them down.

If you want to prove it is the Pak Army, you provide photographs not taped phone conversation. Only use these tapes could be to Nawaz if he was trying to prove to the US ( Clinton) that Musharraf was a bad boy that NS himself was a good boy and ask the help of your enemy!!!.

To do this to your own Army Chief is despicable to say the least. Whatever the reasons, if the story is true then Nawaz Sharif a Mir Jaffar of Pakistan in my eyes and whatever respect I had for him is lost.


Sir,

It is better to be incompentent rather than be considerd a fool. My view is when Sharif did know about Musharraf, its better to side with him and be rather call it mujahedeeen. When Musharaf wasnt showing progress and getting defeated in an operation he coined, without Sharif;s approval, and lets assume that he wasnt still stopping it with his mad plans. Then what is the use of Sharif being a party to something he wasnt from the first place, and now be responsible for a military blunder. America at that point of time was the top dog of International politcs which didnt have much diplomatic leverage with India while it enjoys much with Pakistan. They stopped Pakistan from going into self-destruct mode.

Thinking about it now, Kargil and everything else, has completly benfitted Musharraf while Sharif has gained nothing. I see a obivious conspiracy over here of which Sharif is a victim,
 
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Wars can be prevented just as surely as they can be provoked...and we who fail to prevent them, must share the guilt for the dead. -General Omar N. Bradley-(1893-1982)
 
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RAW's Machination In South Asia

Dr. Shastra Dutta Pant (Nepal)

His Majesty King Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev had‚ on the occasion of the 53rd Democracy Day on Feb 19‚ 2003‚ said: “Peace is our need‚ multiparty democracy is our commitment‚ patriotism is our base and the resolve to make the Nepalis happy is the dharma (or essence) of our politics.”

People will directly experience the fruits only if our development projects gain speed in an unobstructed way. Such fruits can be experienced only if all political parties‚ the civil society and government forge an understanding and maintain coexistence. The habit of making suspicions and mutual recriminations will be removed only if we practise good moral conduct and honesty. Spiritual thinking and moral education will enhance honesty and dedication to the nation. Only in such condition will democracy flourish

The main purpose behind writing this book is to enhance the feeling of patriotism‚ make the Nepalese people happy and remove hurdles standing in the way. Nepal wants to have good‚ friendly relations with India. We don’t have any ill-intention to hurt India or to show unfriendly behavior. It is the democratic as well as natural right of a nation to express its problems and sufferings. At this point of time‚ the Indo-Nepal relation is deep‚ bitter as well as suspicious. Nepal’s formal relations are with the government of India but reality stands far removed.

Prithvi Narayan Shah, the Great, not only unified Nepal into a nation‚ but also worked out plans for its sustainable development and security. The successors of the great king bound with the Vedic rules to conduct the government in consonance with the people’s aspirations relentlessly safeguarded the nation. As a result‚ Nepal saved itself from being colonized and remained independent.

Even today‚ it has been proved that none except the monarchy can protect democracy and human rights‚ and keep the country independent and sovereign. The monarchy has never abused power. The power lying with monarchy is just like the paddy kept in a granary‚ which is‚ when needed‚ taken and filled when empty.

Notwithstanding other things‚ we must acknowledge that the Rana oligarchy that lasted for 104 years efficiently saved the nation‚ nationality‚ national self-dignity and national identity.

During the 30-year old Panchayati democratic dispensation‚ not only was our nationality consolidated‚ Nepal also carved a distinct identity of its own in the world. As a result‚ pillars of physical infrastructures were erected. It is because of the state’s concern in basic goods that the people could buy things at cheaper prices. This was a time when the people could have good‚ sound sleeps even in the courtyard or open space without any fear. But today the country’s situation is deteriorating unimaginatively it is degenerating day by day.

The people who had extended their share of contribution to bring about changes in the country 13 years ago are now repenting. Full employment‚ high quality of life‚ physical facility‚ adequacy of goods and services‚ poverty alleviation and balanced development all turned into dreams. Today the people have their only one wish- independence‚ sovereignty‚ integrity‚ democracy and development. The barbarism of the last one and half decade has pushed the country a centuary back. Our living standard has alarmingly deteriorated.

The hope with which the people had contributed their share to bring about political change in the country was dashed when the governments formed thereafter could not live up to it.

The situation became more and more complicated. The government failed in providing good governance‚ peace and security. Politics was employed as a means of amassing wealth rather than as a means for people’s service. Works are being carried out against the laws‚ rules and the Constitution. Unethical trend is all pervasive. Dissensions within the parties are growing and factions and sub-factions have been formed.

Individualism has become dominant to the extent of affecting political purity and democratic development. People have panicked. Signals are being received from all quarters that the nation and nationality are at stake.

Corruption‚ commission-mongering‚ high prices‚ black-marketeering and crimes have raised their heads on a large scale. Every sector including administration has been politicized or politically divided. Such trend has discouraged qualification and ability to compete. Because of such discouragement‚ the policies of privatization‚ globalization‚ democracy‚ liberalism‚ democratic-socialism turned out be counter-productive. Decisions have become prejudiced‚ politically-motivated and discriminatory. Consequent to this‚ development‚ expansion and improvement of multilateral infrastructures required for revolutionizing the national economic development is not taking place.

The country’s economy is continuously on the downward trend. Productive and service-oriented sectors are passing through a very confusing state. The number of the people reeling below poverty line has increased. Nepal has become one of the most deprived nations of the world. The sectors already attaining self-reliance have now fallen off and the burden of loans has grown bigger unnaturally. The irregularities have made an upward swing‚ hobnobbing with the annual national budget. Industrial enterprises are getting closed down‚ have gone into the hands of foreigners.

Trade deficit is snowballing. No long-term policies have been devised‚ as should be desirably done by a welfare state‚ to uplift women‚ Dalits and oppressed communities and to ensure balanced development of remote areas. With the implementation of foreign policies against the principles of non-alignment‚ neutrality and Panchasheel‚ the problems relating to border‚ Bhutanese refugees‚ water politics‚ and trade and industry have taken a nasty turn.

Known as a model of unity in diversity in the world‚ the country is gradually slipping into the trap of communalism. National defence system has started shaking with the rise of internal dissensions and external interference. Briefly speaking‚ all sensitive issues that have a close bearing on the ordinary people including nationality have not been given a damn.

And what lies at the bottom of this all is the weak politics steeped in vested interests and external interference. There are basically two reasons why Nepal has not been able to make headway- India and western consultants. The first one has been detailed in this book. India is seeking its role even in the internal matters of Nepal. The ordinary people have not taken this palatably.

Rather the organized parties‚ intellectuals following in their footsteps and mediapersons have not been able to stand up to it‚ being sensitive to the nation. If all these parties‚ the civil society and the media become united‚ the outside interference can do us nothing at all. My duty‚ my dharma‚ is to take this message to everyone‚ change their mind and contribute to upgrading the people’s quality of life by making use of our indigenous means and resources independently.

Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) is an agency that is always on the lookout for a role for such interference. It analyzes the situation and works out plans accordingly. We will further go down if we walk at the signal of the others.

We can get the country to the height of progress and prosperity provided that we forge unity among ourselves and move ahead by devising policies about politics‚ economics and development.

Finally‚ I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all friends and those who have helped me for their invaluable suggestions and encouragement.

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Contents

Chapter-1 Introduction to Intelligence
Chapter-2 State Polity and Inteligence
Chapter-3 Organizational Structure of RAW
Chapter-4 RAW’s Treatment Towards its Neighbors
1. Movement of RAW in Sri Lankan Civil War
2. Movement of RAW in Bhutan
3. RAW and Defence System of the Maldieves
4. RAW and Pakistan
5. RAW in the Freedom Struggle of Bangladesh
6. Role of RAW in Sikkim Operation
7. RAW and Nepal

Chapter-5 Nepal-India Relations
Nepal-India Panchangi Relations

- Relatins Between the Governments of Nepal and India
- Relations Between the Parties of Nepal and India
- People-to-People Relations Between Nepal and India
- Relations Between the Bureaucracies of Nepal and India
- Nepal’s Relations with India’s RAW

Chapter-6 Attitude and Intention of RAW Towards Nepal
Chapter-7 RAW‚ Nepal Game Plan and Citizenship Bill
Chapter-8 Movement of RAW in Sikkim: Lessons for Nepal
Chapter-9 Tyrannized Areas of Nepal
Area-One Intentions
Area-Two Border Encroachment
Area-Three Water Politics
Area-Four Tyranny in Defence System
Area-Five Micro Action Macro Design
Chapter-10 Intelligence System in Nepal
Chapter-11 Suggestions to Resolve Problems
a. Things Both Nepal and India Should Follow
b. Things to be Followed by India
c. Things to be Followed by Nepal
d. Things the World and UN Should Do

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Conclusion
Reference Materials

Chapter One
Introduction to Intelligence
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Background

Every society regardless of time and space has destructive elements with evil character. There is no dearth of persons seething with anger‚ hatred‚ jealousy‚ envy‚ temptation‚ revenge and ambition. Even the persons calling themselves influential and scholars or intellectuals suffer from a bizarre tendency of seeking to enhance their self-image by subjugating all others. Just like this‚ every nation nurtures the whims of subjugating other nations and wrapping them around its little finger by commanding their loyalty.

So the state also can be likened to individuals in terms of the negative qualities in question. Evil thinking‚ evil behaviour and evil trends are existent in the state since it is nobody but individuals who run the state.

To get better of the distorted mindset‚ many saints and sages have spent their years in penance and carried out investigation into it. They arrived at a conclusion that there was no alternative to the light of knowledge to remove such ill-trend. They interpreted the existence of God in a refined form. Though God or the Supreme Being is one at whose beck and call the world throbs‚ for reasons of the people being settled in different areas‚ many religions came into being.

Man is so irrational that he is indulged in violence and earns enmity over the same religion. For example, Gautam Buddha who contributed to building a peaceful society by putting an end to wars‚ violence and weapons gave a new turn to the existing religion. But the followers' of the same man, out of foolishness, have resorted to wars‚ violence and killings‚ ironically in the protection of the same religion.

Sages and saints described material goods and sex as the two major factors contributing to the growth of unsocial elements and pursued various ways to get freed of them. They taught and explained to the world about heaven and hell. They dwelt on rebirth, and virtues and vices. They also taught that all material objects are perishable and the only stable thing is Supreme Being (Sarva khalu idam brahma). They further elaborated that the Supreme Being is so widespread (Neti neti para brahma) that its knowing is beyond comprehension. This is why an extensive publicity has been made for thousands of years to link oneself with the Supreme Being and not to run after the material wealth and sexual desire.

Furthermore‚ our thinkers of yore created Vedas‚ Sub-Vedas‚ Codes‚ Upanishads‚ Vedang (Branches of Vedas)‚ histories‚ Purans (character building holy scriptures) and philosophies. They worked out different plans to put into practice the principles enshrined in these holy scriptures. Purans and histories were used to teach the people moral values as the moving schools.

In every settlement‚ they constructed temples and preached the people about what is God. The people were advised to stand in awe of God and not to commit any immoral or unethical acts. They caused to install the Panchayan God in every household and developed the practice of pondering over God and death at mornings and evenings. They commenced different types of feast and festivals and gave rise to the practice of going to far-flung areas on pilgrimages.

Such pilgrimages are found in every religion- Hindu (four dhams)‚ Buddha (Lumbini)‚ Muslims (Mecca)‚ Christians (Vatican City). They also developed the practice of performing such rites as bratabandha‚ marriage‚ birth‚ death‚ sporting sikha‚ sacrificial fires‚ coronations( taking oaths ceremony) and conducting investiture ceremony.

Moral education like Panchatantra was begun to be taught at schools. Despite all these things‚ ill-thoughts deeply rooted in human mind could not be removed it could only be minimized. It is essential to keep society safe from such distortions and anomalies. And it is the state’s responsibility to keep the people safe from these things‚ for which it needs prior information. This very approach of collecting information is known as intelligence. Without effective intelligence‚ the state in the modern age becomes emasculated and useless.

Checks on Distortions

Today’s society is fraught with distortions and anomalies in various forms. Narcotics trade is booming with an adverse effect on human mind. Piles and piles of chemicals likely to cause an adverse impact on the environment and obliterate the entire human beings‚ arms and ammunition‚ nuclear weapons‚ bio-chemical weapons and hydrogen and atom bombs have been produced. Theft‚ smuggling‚ loots‚ dishonesty and black-marketeering are on the rise. Acts of arson‚ vandalism and violence can be noticed everywhere. Terrorism is all-pervasive. Corruption in the form of taking bribes has caused a stir.

Needless to say‚ persons holding high offices should be honest with high level of integrity. Such persons should muster courage to take actions against the employees under him or any other persons in case they are found taking or giving bribes or abusing their authority. Clean image of such persons will instil a sense of fear into persons lower them. This will‚ in turn‚ ensure protection of the helpless in society. Corruption and abuse of authority will not be allowed to rule the roost.

But today Nepal is placed in an awkward situation. The country’s prime minister and his family members themselves have taken bribes. The ministers holding important portfolios have taken bribes. MPs or people’s representatives too are not an exception. Those on the opposition have taken bribes either through collusion or through bargaining.

The policemen who are entrusted with the responsibility of containing corruption themselves collect money on weekly basis and hand over it to their seniors. Even the police chief has amassed inestimable wealth. The judicial sector is no better than customs or VAT (Value Added Tax) department. There is a glaring example of the high-ranking justices compelling the parliament to frame laws with no power to subject them to face corruption charge. The verdicts made by this body established with the noble objective of ensuring the rule of law in clear violation of laws are now in thousands. The Office of the Auditor General‚ the Public Service Commission and the Election Commission are also cast in the same mould.

Similarly‚ several such incidents have been noticed in the military service also. Immorality and corruption are rampant in the trade and industry sector. Teachers and students are in corruption. There is not even a single sector on which we can rest our faith.

The need to put checks on all these distortions gave rise to the birth of intelligence agency. According to Markendeya Puran‚ the king must possess six attributes and conduct eight deeds. A small simal (a kind of cotton bearing tree) seed may grow into a big tree and a small spark may cause a huge fire. Similarly‚ enemies and unsocial elements may bring about destruction at an opportune moment if they are allowed to raise their heads. To protect oneself from such elements‚ the state should tone up its intelligence system. Just as air gets into the living beings and keeps them alive‚ the king also must be able to understand the real conditions of the people inside and outside the country through espionage (Markendeya Puran).

Rishis and Munis tought us that revenge and use of force will only enlarge such unwanted activities. If the money to be used on wars is replaced for building a moral man by means of education the society might change.

Definition

Intelligence means peering at others for one’s own security. Now this definition has expanded to include the acts designed to weaken others‚ subjugate them and get them wrapped around one’s own finger. On the other hand‚ copying of others’ technology and skills and keeping others in deprivation even after one has become prosperous also falls within the framework of intelligence.

Since this approach helps to formulate strategies upon analysis of the related data‚ several intelligence agencies have been tagged before or after the word with “Research” and “Analysis”. The present world policy of “colonialism” and “neo-colonialism” match with the practice of “world emperor” and “horse sacrificial fire” prevalent during the mythological period of the oriental philosophy.

In oriental political system‚ a number of words have been coined to refer to the acts of a spy. These words include gudavekshan (digging out mysteries)‚ chatur (shrewd)‚ jaasus (spy)‚ sujhabujhi (wise)‚ char (informant)‚ chewa or chewi (one who provides secret information)‚ vartahar (messenger)‚ sulsule (secret agent)‚ etc‚ while the westerners use such words espionage‚ counter espionage‚ intelligence‚ spying‚ under-cover work‚ fifth columnist‚ foreign agent‚ secret agent‚ secret service and mole to describe the act of intelligence.

Any attempt to obtain secret information about an actual and potential enemy which might be used against the same or any other enemy is known as intelligence. Any secret of concealed action performed within are controlled by an actual and potential enemy for the purpose of weakening or destroying his defense (The Encyclopaedia America‚ Vol. 10‚ Page 504-506). Any enemy agent engaged in sabotage of similar activities would be considered as spy (Ibid).

Military Spy

In fact‚ in modern times‚ spies are used mostly in wars and areas associated with it. This means‚ spies are used by the military. When there is a possibility of outbreak of a war‚ war strategies are to be worked out in a highly confidential manner. For example‚ during the Falkland war‚ the British government had to detain informally several times BBC news reporters and correspondents after they leaked out several secret plans or strategies of the army.

The army pursues different processes in the course of collecting secret information which are as follows:

Situation making

Information collection
Evaluation
Analysis
Interpretation
Dissemination

·Time management
·Estimate
·Decisions
·Plan
·Operation

Military intelligence is getting more and more complicated in these days as compared to the past. With the unprecedented development of electronic media‚ hostility has expanded even to the extent of waging a star war. The coming of sub-marines has added a new dimension to the naval war.

Building of warheads and of nuclear and biological weapons has made the espionage not only highly complicated but also dangerous and expensive. For poor countries‚ intelligence work now borders on impossibility. With the growth of industrialization‚ mechanization‚ communication and of weapons to inflict great damage and destruction‚ such things as intelligence and counter intelligence are virtually beyond the capacity of such countries no matter how important and significant they are. The poor countries are treated as slaves but in a revised form.

The developed countries out of neo-colonialist mentality have pursued the policy of keeping the poor countries poor and making them dance to their tune. The poor countries have been so suppressed that they have not been even able to raise their heads.

Besides‚ they have even created weapons-markets by dividing the people on the basis of party‚ caste‚ gender‚ ethnicity‚ settlement‚ profession‚ religion‚ customs and language. Nepal has fallen victim to such diseases. They sabotage the physical infrastructures‚ the social system and the politics which have already taken roots. By imposing blockade‚ they exert economic pressures. The December-7 incident of Pearl Harbour of the United States of America is often taken as an example of failure.

History

Written history is fraught with the movement of spies. Our Vedas and Purans also have a number of incidents with regard to good governance‚ war and intelligence. Conspiracy also falls within the definition of intelligence. It won’t be an overstatement to say that the great epic Mahabharat is a collection of conspiracies. There were ‘secret armies’ in the ancient Egypt. The holy Bible mentions the sending of 12 spies by Moses. The team included women also.

In modern times‚ intelligence (Char) is taken as an important organ of government. It is said that there were 30‚000 spies in the French-Persian war. Napoleon had given it the first priority.

Prior to the outbreak of the World War I‚ the world nations had already strengthened their intelligence service. The United States of America had framed the Intelligence Act way back in 1917. The Federal Bureau of Investigation was established in the USA only after the enactment of the Internal Security Act‚ 1950‚ Emergency Power Continuation Act‚ 1952 and Espionage and Sabotage Act‚ 1954. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is considered as the best center for providing correct information and statistics there.

After the World War I shook the very foundation of the world‚ espionage took on more and more modern forms.

Agency and Training

Any organization requires necessary manpower for its proper operation. Trained persons equipped with necessary skills can carry out works more effectively and efficiently than those without any formal training. And to become a spy‚ one must have a flair besides special trainings and skills. An individual wanting to work as spies should be adventurous and possess ability to sing and dance and be frolicsome. He should be light-hearted and be able to live a simple life. He must be multi-dimensional‚ alert and stand-by round the clock. Northen Hale of America and Sir Robert Powell fall into this category.

Spies deserve to be highly paid and provided with adequate facilities but those who are fired with patriotic feelings may not need so much money. Those who are not loyal to their own country may do espionage for the enemy and may get paid by the both sides. Highly selfish persons may betray the party he is involved in at any time. There is no dearth of such people in Nepal. Such persons may ditch both sides to get their vested interests fulfilled.

Almost all nations the world over have made necessary arrangements for selecting highly-motivated‚ mature individuals and provide them advanced trainings. Such trainings should not be provided to all and sundry. It is simply because that their slight mistake may spell a great disaster for the nation. The Germans had conducted advanced trainings for the spies. It was not an enjoyable task to spy on Hitler and the Nazis. Rather it was an uphill‚ precarious task fraught with dangers.

It was a profession which could even claim life. In the American Civil War of 1861-65‚ a man who stole a vehicle‚ blew up a bridge and broke into the enemy’s area was hanged as a spy. Any foreign agent who openly collects information cannot be called a spy‚ but if the same thing is done in a secret way‚ this is called espionage. This is both punishable as well as criminal.

In fact‚ both the ambassador and the military attaché of Embassies are “honorable spies.” International laws do not label espionage as crime‚ though every country has its own laws relating to espionage. Nepal has also such laws. Information with regard to science and technology also are as valuable as military information.

Cold War (USA-USSR)

During the cold war period‚ espionage between the United States of America and the erstwhile USSR intensified. When the atmosphere was charged with mutual suspicion and fear‚ the Soviet Union downed the U-2 spy plane of America and captured the spy alive. The similar incident involving an American spy plane has recently taken place in the People’s Republic of China. Even today‚ the rich and developed countries through a whopping investment are intensifying their espionage activities.

Art of Intelligence

A spy must be equipped with the knowledge and skills of code language. He should be well-conversed with the art of shorthand. He should possess such things as secret radio‚ special vehicle‚ diplomatic knowledge‚ fake passport‚ birth and marriage certificates‚ citizenship‚ etc. The art of understanding the information dissemination system of the enemy is indispensable for espionage.

Security and Democracy

Intelligence had a major role in the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990 also. With the collapse of the Union‚ the world has become unipolar. That America shall have a dominant presence with the liberal economic policy‚ privatization,globalisation and multiparty democracy sweeping round the world‚ as predicted by the intellectuals‚ is proving wrong. Communism has taken a rebirth in the world’s competitive politics. Therefore‚ the rumor that espionage will make its exit does not hold water. The situation in this area is just as same.The importance of the state intellegence services is not reduced, till there is not a borderless state concept, universe as one country.

Chapter Two

State Polity and Intelligence

Man‚ by nature‚ is a wicked animal. Had man truly adhered to dharma‚ ethics‚ there would have been no need of the police‚ the army‚ the judiciary and administration. In other words‚ there would have been no need of the state polity. Not only is man wicked to mankind‚ he has proved to be destructive also. Had there been no existence of man‚ the earth’s eco-system would remain in a balanced form. The beautiful earth would continue to remain beautiful with greenery.

Since the very genesis of the earth‚ many civilizations came and went on the world stage. We have inherited the remnants of the past civilizations and are living in the present age of civilization. Our Vedas and Purans‚ Ramayan and Mahabharat are teeming with examples of both divine and demonic characters.

Though there is difference between these two characters‚ the exits of the two make the same result‚ that is‚ conflict and war. In war‚ every effort is made to wreak havoc against the enemy and safeguard oneself from suffering heavy damages. This kind of rivalry exists in a pluralistic polity but in a subdued form‚ while terrorism is an extremist expression of it.

Those who would like to get involved in conflict and wage war‚ it is urgently necessary to get the hang of the next party’s weaknesses‚ understand their strategies and to create chasms and contradictions between them. One who finds out the conspiracies woven by the opposition side is called “char” or spy. Espionage or spying is an art‚ a very old art. In the oriental political system‚ studies on the art of char have been in practice since a long time. In Panchatantra also‚ attempts have been to impart knowledge about this through animals and birds. Kautilya‚ in his Economics‚ has stated several types of espionage which are as follows:

Kapatik
Udasthit
Grihapatik
Vaideshak
Taapas

1.Kapatik:

This espionage belongs to the first category and is primarily psychoanalytical. Such spies possess the ability to get into the minds of others and understand their feelings. They often change their dresses depending on situation. They pretend to be students or teachers by taking up such professions. These spies may enjoy the privilege of directly informing the central minister or the king. They analyze potential harms and threats to the state or the institution of monarchy and supply secret information. Aghori Baba was this type of spy during the rule of late king Mahendra of Nepal.

2.Udasthit

The spies belonging to this category are Sanyasis and beggars. They wander about every house under the pretext of asking for alms. They are intelligent and well-educated. They stay in ashrams‚ maths or temples outside the village. They especially work among the farmers and try to command their loyalty. Others disguised as sadhus or saints also come to meet them. They provide the holy men with food‚ clothes and money for medical treatment. Then they take back the information to the concerned officers of the central level.

3.Grihapatik

Spies of this category may be farmers or house owners or those who have already set up their houses. As these people have taken up espionage as a profession‚ they spend most of their time in understanding the wrongs and rights in the villages. They participate in assemblies‚ seminars‚ users’ groups‚ pubs or any forum they may come across. They want to give the impression that the state is doing well for the farmers and the people involved in other professions and inform the concerned body of those who oppose state policies.

4.Vaideshak

These spies are involved in trade and industry and in this capacity‚ they carry out their activities in the business community. On the one hand‚ they study adulteration‚ blackmarketeering and hoarding of essential commodities‚ while on the other‚ they take special initiatives to make the businessmen act as wanted by the state. For example‚ they may issue press releases and statements stating that taxation policies and budget statements are good.

5.Taapas

The spies belonging to this category exhibit abnormal or unruly behavior. They shave their heads‚ put on ear-rings and wear long‚ matted hair. They demonstrate such a behavior that is normally not accepted by society. They sometimes go without food‚ sometimes sit for penance and sometimes take unusual foods‚ thereby drawing the attention and winning the hearts of the people.

Thus they try to extract information. They often give good presents and conduct special pooja (worshipping). They call themselves Siddhababa (Enlightened)‚ ascetics or ones who can make predictions by reading hands and faces. They also frequently collect donations or alms by fist for some noble work in cities. They win the hearts of people through predictions about their profits and losses‚ penalty‚ fire and fear of thieves and things that are destined to happen. Thus they try to know the reality and supply the information they receive to the concerned authority or persons.

All these five spies have a status of their own and do not share information among themselves at all. Possibly one spy may always be spying on another. These are separate institutions. Besides‚ Chanakya [Kautilya] also considers the following four types of spies as useful:

Satri
Tikshna
Rasad
Bhikshuk

6.Satri

The spies of this category are proficient in palmistry and hypnotism. They carry out their activities by using the art of hypnotism.

7.Tikshna

Those who have exceptional physical strength‚ special players‚ wrestlers‚ judo fighters‚ karantist‚ mountaineers‚ adventurers and those who do not fear even to fight with violent animals are appointed as spies by providing additional knowledge on espionage. Such spies are often used in places where dangerous works are to be carried even at the risk of life.

8.Rasad

These spies are chosen from among those who are very cruel‚ unsocial‚ lethargic and even may go to the extent of doing anything to their own family or relatives. If need be‚ they may also go to the extent of poisoning their family members or kith and kin to death.

9.Bhikshuk

The spies fitting into this category are especially widows‚ the women who have been left neglected or dancers. They with some pretext go into houses and gather information.

The last four types of spies in question spy on those who run the country by appointing them. Such spies particularly spy for the crown prince‚ ministers‚ royal priests‚ army chief‚ heads and members of constitutional bodies‚ departmental chiefs‚ zonal chiefs‚ district judges‚ border guards and those who have been entrusted with the responsibility of putting brakes on corruption. They are concerned only with high-ranking officials.

They get mingled with the grassroots people to confirm the facts available. They are even sent to the houses of senior officials to work as cooks or servants and hence the name “Rasad.” They even work as baby-sitters‚ massagers‚ house cleaners‚ house maids‚ singers‚ dancers‚ and sometimes as fallen women‚ and find out the Achilles’ heels of those whom they are spying. After 1950 (2007 BS)‚ many foreign people had entered the Nepal Royal Palace as teachers. Several of them have already retired after holding high offices‚ but are yet to give a kick to espionage.

Such spies often take their stipend from the both sides. Families of such spies are taken care of by the same king or ministers who ask them to do so.

10. Special Spy

Good rulers often appoint other spies also to keep a close tab on these spies. Such special spies are recruited to know whether the spies appointed are doing their work properly as instructed in an enemy state‚ whether they are safe or not or whether they have teamed up with the enemy and are making money from both sides or whether they are betraying the nation.

The post of spy becomes instrumental in operating the state machinery properly. The absence of right implementation of the espionage system will spell disaster for all sectors. The country becomes unsafe. Malgovernance will take a precedence. Immorality and characterlessness will rule the roost. Corruption becomes all-pervasive. Injustice becomes rampant.

Spies are always needed to test loyalty to the nation of civil servants‚ the army and the police‚ high-ranking officials and those serving the constitutional bodies. They should be kept satisfied with both money and respect.

Providing pre-information on time about the potential conspiracy against the nation‚ the institution of monarchy and government constitutes the main duty of spies so that the state system can function effectively and properly. The nation must be able to acquire information about the loyalty of civil servants and those with a streak of rebellious nature. In order to maintain the purity of the civil servants‚ other techniques or methods also can be employed. Kautilya has prescribed the four methods for this which are as follows:

Dharmopagha
Arthopagha
Kamopagha
Bhayopagha

Dharmopagha: Relationships should be further improved with the amatya (equivalent to the post of minister in former times) or constitutional official who is to be examined. If he is found guilty of committing blunders or crimes‚ the king or government‚ many say‚ should relieve him of the post he is holding. But there are other views also.

A negative agenda enticing him may be presented. If he denies the accusations vehemently and resorts to scolding‚ he should be considered as just or else wrong. Similarly‚ the army chief‚ ministers‚ constitutional personalities‚ departmental heads also should be subjected to scrutiny. Such examination is often carried out keeping in mind the principles of religion.

Arthopagha: As in Dharmopagha‚ officials are baited with wealth. Their fascination with it will indicate that they are not civil servants and therefore deserve to be given walking papers. If otherwise is the case‚ he should be considered as right person.

Kamopagha: Under this‚ a beautiful woman full of sexual urge is chosen. If the person subjected to examination becomes sexually excited or motivated towards her‚ he is considered unfit.

Bhayopagha: This is the fourth technique employed to know the inclination of man. If some official sticks to his work without being deviated whatsoever despite the warnings that his and his family’s life is in danger in case he could not do the work‚ he should be considered as a good official. But if the opposite happens to be the case‚ he should be regarded as unfit.

Which officials should be transferred and where and who should be demoted or promoted may be done on the basis of the reports of the spies. According to Kautilya‚ those who pass through the test of Dharmopagha should be appointed in judicial service and those who emerge clean through Arthopagha should be appointed under the finance ministry. Similarly‚ those passing through the test of Kamopagha should be installed in posts that have to maintain public relations like social organizations‚ city offices or vihars and those who get through the test of Bhayopagha should be appointed as faithfuls by the king.

Those who can bring correct reports‚ understand right things and make others understand properly should be appointed to the post of amatya or minister. Only such persons should be given priority in elections. Only this will ensure good polity in the country with no injustice‚ corruption‚ oppression‚ characterlessness and favoritism. The nation will move towards progress and prosperity on a greater scale. The people will then become prosperous.

http://www.bangladesh-web.com/view.php?hid...hidRecord=43447
 
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Dear Friends,

I thought I will post the below article on RAW which appreared in an Indian Magazine. Since its written by a retd RAW officer it makes interesting reading. Especially about the Kargil Tapes.

I like the authors comments about the Kargil tapes.

Regards

http://www.outlookindia.com/full.asp?fodname=20070702&fname=RAW&sid=2

INTERVIEW - MAJ. GEN VK SINGH (RETD)

"We Shouldn't Have Given The Secret Kargil Tapes To Pak"
Vajpayee's handing over the Musharraf tape to Nawaz Sharif was an intelligence disaster


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Major General V.K. Singh was inducted into RAW from the army’s Signal Corps to look after technical intelligence. During his 2000-2004 stint, he was witness to several key developments in the agency which he has documented in his forthcoming book—India’s External Intelligence—Secrets of RAW. Singh says lack of any accountability and misuse of the agency by its political masters has severely impacted the functioning of RAW. Excerpts from an interview to Outlook:
You joined RAW in 2000 when a lot of changes were taking place in the aftermath of the Kargil war. What did we learn from the war?

Most of the recommendations of the Kargil Review Committee (KRC) and the task force on intelligence were never implemented.




"Why was the Kargil report about intelligence failure blacked out from Parliament?"


Institutions such as the National Technical Research Organisation (NTRO) were supposed to take over all technical intelligence. Instead, there are areas where NTRO and RAW are busy duplicating each other’s capability without giving up on turf. Turf translates


into power and no one is ready to give up on power.
As for the KRC report, the papers pertaining to intelligence were kept out when it was sent to Parliament. This is shocking because there is no parliamentary monitoring of intelligence agencies in a functioning democracy like ours. So neither parliamentarians nor the public are aware of the failures nor can they participate in addressing the genuine concerns of agencies like RAW and IB.

What are your views on the political masters’ handling of RAW?

In most cases, I have found that the intelligence chiefs are not accountable to anyone even where financial issues are concerned.


They have unlimited powers and the political leadership has not questioned them at all. But there are instances when intelligence has been mishandled. Take the interception of the telephonic discussion during the Kargil war between General Musharraf and his chief of staff.
It should have never been revealed to the world. But the NDA government decided to hand over the tapes to then Pakistan prime minister Nawaz Sharif. It created huge problems for us in the intelligence business. Did the brownie points scored (the tapes proved that Pakistan’s army was actively involved in the Kargil incursions) justify what we lost as our source of intelligence must be debated.


You are the first insider to write about the working of RAW. Why?

A year after joining RAW, I realised there were a lot of things that was wrong in its functioning. A lot of public money was being wasted without any accounting or accountability. I have highlighted a case where a particular German company was favoured to purchase antennae for Rs 12 lakh when we could have bought the same thing for just Rs 15,000. Such is the mess that we are in.

What do you think must be done to clean up the agency?

I strongly feel that like in the UK and the US there must be a parliamentary oversight committee to look into the functioning of intelligence agencies. This will bring about a much-needed accountability as well as give an opportunity for officers in RAW to effectively air their views without fear or favour. I see a lot of reporting on RAW that is factually wrong. Perhaps parliamentarians who are on the committee can issue statements clarifying or correcting such perceptions.

How will a public debate on intelligence help?

While operational matters must be strictly kept secret, the systemic issues must be openly debated. The method of functioning must be constantly questioned and reviewed and there is no harm in doing this. After all, the agencies are funded by taxpayers’ money and the public has a right to know whether they are getting their money’s worth.
 
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RAW insider's book has government in a flap

An explosive insider account of the functioning of the
Research & Analysis Wing (RAW), India's external intelligence
agency, detailing its lack of accountability and poor leadership has
the government in a bind.

Senior intelligence officials said discussions are underway on
whether the Official Secrets Act (OSA) should be used against the
former RAW official, Major General V.K. Singh, the first person to
throw light on the agency's inner working in his book "India's
External Intelligence: Secrets of Research & Analysis Wing".

"We are looking at the matter seriously and will take a decision
shortly," RAW chief Ashok Chaturvedi told IANS.

"There is a code and propriety that former officers do not write on
revealing what are official secrets."

Singh's recently released book basically addresses three issues in
the organisation - lack of leadership, no accountability and
political mishandling.

It vividly describes his stint in the agency between 2000-2004 when
he looked after the technical intelligence wing, particularly events
that unfolded during and after the Kargil war.

In his reckoning, India's decision to hand over a tape to former
Pakistan prime minister Nawaz Sharif in June 1999 containing a
telephone conversation between then army chief, General Pervez
Musharraf and his chief of staff, Lt. Gen. Mohammed Aziz was an
intelligence disaster.

After the tapes were publicised, the Pakistani establishment got
wind of the technology being used by Indian intelligence to tap
their internal communication and within no time the leak was
plugged, eventually leading to information drying up.

In his book, Singh also writes of the communication systems procured
by the Special Protection Group for the prime minister from an
American firm in 2001 and how the RAW leadership failed to carry out
due diligence.

While writing on the defection of Rabinder Singh, a former RAW joint
secretary to the US in 2004, Singh blames the "lack of leadership at
the top responsible for the major fiasco".

The author insists he has done nothing wrong.

"I know they (government) are thinking of using the OSA but I have
done nothing wrong," Singh told IANS, adding that he had not
revealed anything sensational and was well within his rights to pen
what he believed was standard information.

"I have not written anything that is inimical to the interests of
the country or passed on information to the enemy. I have not
disclosed anything about our defence and nuclear secrets," Singh
said.

"Foreign firms who we contract to buy equipment know what are
requirements are. It is all there in the tender documents."

This is not the first time that the government is thinking of using
the OSA against an intelligence official.

Two years back, former joint director of the Intelligence Bureau
(IB), Maloy Krishna Dhar, broke traditions by writing a book, "Open
Secrets, India's Intelligence Unveiled" which he called "the first
open confession of intelligence operative".

The publication then shook the political and intelligence
establishment though a defiant Dhar said he had no regrets even
though many people accused him of violating the OSA. The government
eventually backed out.

Dhar, 67, served 34 years in the IB and was bold to disclose so much
about the functioning of the Indian intelligence establishment that
it imparted a kind of historic significance to the book.

http://www.indianmuslims.info/news/2007/jun/29/raw_insiders_book_has_
government_flap.html
 
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India vs. Pakistan

By TIM MCGIRK

India and Pakistan blame each other's spies for just about everything that goes wrong. If there's an outbreak of plague or a riot, it's the work of the sinister "foreign hand." Indians are certain, for instance, that Pakistan's secret service, the Inter-Services Intelligence, or ISI, masterminded the December attack on the Indian Parliament in New Delhi. Do they have any concrete evidence? "Zilch," concedes an Indian official. "Quite honestly, we only know they are involved by implication." Equally, the Pakistanis are convinced that agents of India's secret service, the Research and Analysis Wing, or RAW, are behind random bombings that plague Pakistani cities.

The battle of the subcontinental spooks is played out across the region, with the ISI and RAW busily trying to foil each other's machinations in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka. They seldom do the dirty work themselves, relying instead on henchmen who are gangsters, separatist chiefs and extremists inside each other's borders.
It's a messy, regional cold war, with a distinctive dash of South Asian paranoia?and grudging respect. Nobody speaks more highly of the ISI than counterparts in RAW, and vice versa. In New Delhi, one RAW officer praises the ISI's soldierly "aggression" and reckons his own organization is mired down by bickering bureaucrats. Pakistani officials say the Indians are way ahead of them in propaganda and psychological warfare. "We don't have the resources to carry out all these operations," says a former ISI chief, Javed Ashraf Qazi. "RAW has a budget 10 times that of the ISI's and it is more effective than the ISI." This mutual admiration may, of course, be nothing more than a sly way to lobby for a bigger budget. The scarier these agencies make the enemy appear, the more cash they can claim to need for their own skulduggery. Their finances are kept secret, but estimates put the ISI's annual budget at $45 million and RAW's at $150 million.

Each country accuses the other of using diplomats as a cover for spying. So India and Pakistan both routinely tap each other's embassy telephones, tail diplomats around the cocktail circuit and sometimes have dispatched gigolos to seduce each other's wives for future blackmail. One barometer of the chill between India and Pakistan is the frequency with which they toss out each other's diplomats. The temperature is decidedly frosty: last week, Indian police allegedly slapped around and expelled a Pakistani diplomat for spying, and the Pakistanis responded in kind. In South Asia, the "foreign hand" is always restless.

-With reporting by Subir Bhaumik/Calcutta, Hannah Bloch/Islamabad and Meenakshi Ganguly/New Delhi

Source:

http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,234000,00.html

"CIA worked with Pakistan to create Taliban"
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RAW and Remote viewing

Most of us would know about these following institutions.
1.CIA
2.KGB
3.MI5-(BRITISH INTELLIGENCE AGENCY)
4.ISI-(pakistani intelligence agency)

I believe not many of would have heard of RAW (RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS WING) of India.

like the fore mentioned intelligence agencies, RAW is also accused of number of terrorising activities in and outside india.
well its upto you to go forth and finding out...

According to india daily......

RAW India's equivalent of CIA has advanced quite a bit in recent days. Sources close to New Delhi report that RAW is using advanced satellite technologies and remote viewing techniques to look into foreign intelligence activities within India. Remote viewing is the paranormal activities with psychics that can sense into the future and unknown. CIA in America has used remote viewing for many years. Many times remote viewing has worked very well for the CIA and the Russian intelligence.

Recent days India has seen a massive amount Pakistan's ISI agents arrested all over the country. The situation has gone so bad for Pakistan and Al-Queda that they are looking for reasons what is really happening. Taking clue from CIA, RAW Indian counterpart started remote viewing techniques many years back. They also tried to correlate the remote viewing readings with high tech feedbacks like satellite sensing and imaging. This is being further validated with the agents' report in the field. The net results for RAW and CBI (Central Bureau of Intelligence - equivalent of FBI) are astounding.

Sources say India has locked in close surveillance over most of foreign agencies within the country. RAW has recently expanded the efforts for strategic intelligence. This include spying over Pakistan, China and the Western nations.

The reason for the success is attributable to traditional Indian cultural richness in spirituality and paranormal activities.

The remote viewing activities are nothing new for India. Indians traditionally have been doing it for thousands of years. But now India is doing it for a reason.

Satellite technologies are also helping understand movement of Pakistan's ISI supported militants in South Asia. Sources close to RAW say Pakistan's ISI is more active in Bangladesh and North East India than Kashmir these days. In the field, the agents are confirming these information.

According to some remote viewers, Bangladesh has recently seen enormous amount of violence related to election. Pakistan's main goal is not Kashmir at this time. It is to hijack Bangladesh again and start a covert front on the east of India.

Remote viewing if applied in a wrong way can cause catastrophe and total embarrassment. An ideal example would be the WMD information in Iraq. Seventy-three thousand pages of secret documents have recently been declassified in the United States. The information unveiled the activity of two special groups that worked with extrasensory individuals. The CIA had to acknowledge that it used remote viewers and other individuals possessing paranormal abilities for intelligence purposes.

According to Pravda.Ru CIA's remote viewers initiated quest for WMD in Iraq. Obviously they were wrong at least based on what we know today.

CIA's remote viewing activities has been not all that failure.

"Psychic spy" Joseph McMoneagle also known as "remote viewing agent #001" was shown a spot on the map of the USSR, where the mysterious secret object was supposedly located, as CIA agents thought. McMoneagle put his finger on the map and described the image that he saw in his mind:

"It is a congregation of low stone and concrete buildings. A huge underground warehouse filled with lethal weapons, not only missiles. There are other square and round items there. I see a very high column of smoke, bearing some semblance to a huge lifting crane, rising above the area (it was most likely the smoke of a nuclear blast). The people inhabiting that place are sick. Their hair is receding, their bones are putrefying. They deliver sick children, and they are still obsessed with some idea."

It was quite an eloquent description for secret agents to understand, what kind of an object was located in Semipalatinsk (which is now a town in the republic of Kazakhstan). Then CIA Director Richard Helms moved the paranormal espionage from the category "Research" to the category "Practice." Joseph McMoneagle's success as a remote viewer increased the funding of such unusual activities, not to mention the improved moral aspect. The US authorities spent about $2 million a year on a rather small group of 20 extrasensory individuals in the 1990s.

Other achievements of American psychic agents include: factories making weapons of mass destruction in third world countries, including Iraq (it is not ruled out that the information about WMD in Iraq sprang from remote viewers.) Extrasensory intelligence officers also developed certain recommendations to recruit CIA agents and rendered some other services too.

India's achievement in remote viewing and use of advanced technologies is remarkable in recent days. According to some international experts what really worked for India is not just remote viewing but the availability of the field agents who could confirm the clues from the remote viewers.

http://www.remoteviewer.nu/index.php?name=News&file=article&sid=3962
 
. . .
Treason Or Diplomacy? :Passing on Kargil tapes amounts to violation of the Official Secrets Act

Maj Gen V.K. Singh (retd)

When I wrote India's External Intelligence: Secrets of Research and Analysis Wing, I intended to bring out the anomalies in RAW's functioning, its lack of accountability, transparency and effective leadership. But the book has generated a specific controversy about the Kargil tapes released by the NDA government in 1999 and sent to then Pakistan premier Nawaz Sharif. I wish to clarify certain points about the tapes, the double standards in publicising classified information for short-term gains, and the Official Secrets Act (OSA).

Take the case of Brig Ujjal Dasgupta, director, computers, RAW. He returned from the US on June 14, 2006. After searching his office and interrogating him for over a month, IB officials arrested him on July 19. Significantly, RAW accorded sanction for his prosecution nine months after his arrest. He's alleged to have passed on sensitive information to Rosanna Minchew, a US embassy staffer working for the CIA. Dasgupta and Minchew were members of the Indo-US Cyber Security Forum, set up to deal with cyber-terrorism and information security. He is presently in Tihar; his trial is yet to begin.

Charges against Dasgupta have been framed under OSA. As per the act, if an Indian has any sort of communication with a foreign national, he's presumed to have passed on information useful to an enemy. To prove communication, it is enough if the name or address of a foreigner is found in his possession. So, if a foreigner's phone number is found in the diary or SIM card of an Indian, he can be branded a spy. Since Minchew and Dasgupta were members of the same committee, they quite likely exchanged numbers and communicated.

After the Kargil intrusion in 1999, Pakistan denied Indian accusations of aggression, saying that the intruders were not Pak soldiers but militants. This lie was exposed when RAW intercepted a conversation between Gen Pervez Musharraf, then in Beijing, and his Chief of Staff, Lt Gen Mohammed Aziz, in Islamabad. The government decided to make the intercept public—it was broadcast on radio and TV, its transcripts were distributed to the media and foreign embassies in Delhi, a tape was sent to Nawaz Sharif. The intercept proved that Pakistan was the aggressor, and increased international pressure on it to withdraw. By this time the Indian army had recaptured most of the posts, incurring heavy casualties. The battle ended with considerable loss of face for Pakistan.

The NDA government hailed the broadcast of the intercept as a diplomatic victory. Commenting on my book, a former RAW officer has written that, "The Kargil tape was the greatest PSYWAR (psychological warfare) coup ever scored by RAW." The presence of regular soldiers and differences between Sharif and the service chiefs was a useful piece of intelligence. How does it become PSYWAR? Anyhow, RAW's job is to collect intelligence, not PSYWAR. The same officer goes on to say that the government's decision to publicise the intercept had beneficial effects, such as convincing the US and China of Pak complicity and damaging its credibility. Are India and Pakistan schoolchildren and the US and China headmasters that we have to complain against each other to them?

Many people in the intelligence community and defence forces disagree with the wisdom of making the intercept public. With the resources at its disposal, the US would have discovered the Pak intrusion much earlier than we did. Nor do we know what part the intercepts played in the Pak army's decision to withdraw; it really had no other option, being severely mauled in the battle. However, the decision to publicise the intercept definitely damaged our intelligence capability.As soon as Pakistan came to know that the particular satellite link between Beijing and Islamabad was being intercepted by RAW, it closed it. A valuable source of SIGINT (signal intelligence) dried up. The same RAW officer says, "This could have dried up at least temporarily the flow of intelligence from such instances of lax communications security. This is a danger, which would have been factored into the decision to release the tape." Just what does temporarily mean? One year, ten or more? Who knows how much more intelligence, and for how long, the link would have yielded had it continued?

The legal aspect of the decision also needs to be considered. Doesn't making the intercept public violate the OSA? Pakistan was definitely an enemy country, giving it information acquired by RAW would fall within the OSA ambit. After all, Dasgupta also stands accused of passing on information held by RAW. In his case, the alleged beneficiary isn't an enemy country. There is no evidence of him having passed on information. Surprisingly, none in the legal fraternity has commented on this conundrum; nor has the issue been raised in Parliament. Meanwhile, Dasgupta continues to be incarcerated, without bail, charged with an offence there is no evidence for. Are we turning him into our own Captain Dreyfus?

(The writer served in the technical wing of RAW.)
http://www.outlookindia.com/full.asp?fodna...h+(F)&sid=1
 
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RAW book: More smoke than light
Sheela Bhatt

The RAW Experience. Or, India's External Intelligence, Secrets of Research and Analysis Wing.Which is the more attractive title for a book? Of course, the latter.

But that title has put author Major General V K Singh in the heart of a storm. So much so that he has switched off his cell phone and is answering only select calls on his landline.

Manas Publications, his publisher, changed the title suggested by him, The RAW Experience, to the spicier one to assure more hits on Internet search engines, says General Singh while speaking to rediff.com

He has just published a book on India's external intelligence agency that works in secrecy; he justifiably wants R&AW to be made more accountable and transparent.

"The publisher told me we need words like 'secrets' and 'intelligence' in the title because a word like RAW will only get sites on raw vegetables on Internet search engines," the general says.

The book has already stirred a controversy with unconfirmed reports saying that R&AW chief Ashok Chaturvedi has called for a ban on it.

Three former R&AW chiefs, whom rediff.com spoke to, believe the government is unlikely to ban the book; they also feel the book should not be banned.

The prospect of the book facing legal trouble does not worry Vivek Garg, its publisher.

"I have also heard that it is going to be banned. I am all set to fight the government's decision in court," Garg told rediff.com "If you think that V K Singh has written against the national interest, then even then prime minister A B Vajpayee should be prosecuted for treason because he released a secret tape belonging to R&AW of a conversation involving General Musharraf."

In his book, General Singh has written at length about this particular conversation between then Pakistan army chief Pervez Musharraf [Images] in Beijing [Images] and Lieutenant General Mohammad Aziz, his Chief of General Staff, in Islamabad at the height of the Kargil conflict.
General Singh writes that after this revelation the source, which helped India tape the conversation, dried up.

Contrary to what the title suggests, the book's critics say there are not many secrets in it because General Singh was concerned with signal intelligence rather than human intelligence during his tenure at R&AW. Also, at R&AW, like in other spying agencies, the production of intelligence and analysis of intelligence are separate functions. General Singh, having been a technical expert, is unlikely to know much, the critics say.

Girish Chandra 'Gary' Saxena, a former R&AW chief, told rediff.com, "I am not inclined to read the book because as far as I know he was on the periphery of things."

General Singh, however, disagrees. "That is not entirely true because I knew about all my department in R&AW. Like Dulat (A S Dulat, R&AW chief for 14 months, from 1999 to 2001), I also came to know the organisation although we were in it for a brief period."

When Arvind Dave headed R&AW from 1997 to 1999, he had prepared a plan for the upgradation of telecommunications under a project called Vision 2000. The scheme was approved by the Vajpayee government. General Singh was inducted from the army into R&AW in 2000 to help implement this project by suggesting equipment, scrutinising tenders etc.

He was an equipment specialist with more than 20 years of experience, but he was not an 'intelligence' specialist. Until his retirement in 2004, he served under three R&AW chiefs -- Dulat, Vikram Sood and C D Sahay.

His time in R&AW coincided with Amar Bhushan's tenure as additional secretary in charge of administration. Subsequently, Bhushan became special secretary when Sood retired in March 2003 and Sahay took over as R&AW boss.

It is believed that while General Singh got along well with other officers, his relations with Bhushan were strained.

He complained to his superiors that Bhushan did not treat him with respect, did not even give him a proper room and furniture befitting his status.

When asked about it, General Singh agreed that he was not properly treated and was not given logistics to function within R&AW. "That is true. Those were systemic faults," he says.

However, he clarifies, "It is a wrong impression to say I had problems with Bhushan. I have appreciated him in two places in my book. I had good relations with him."

However, after he was provided the logistics he wanted, he was not invited to the periodic meetings of the R&AW chief with other officers, says an insider who has now retired from the agency.

Those upset with the book claim it is wrong to say the agency is not accountable.

"R&AW is accountable," says Saxena, who also served as governor of Jammu and Kashmir [Images]. "But, of course, very few know about it. Things remain under wraps because we are a secret service. Any secret organisation is supposed to be secret. If you want transparency have the Transparency Intelligence Services!"

General Singh gives the example of the Central Intelligence Agency being accountable to the United States Congress, but Saxena refutes this, saying, "The CIA is hardly transparent."

Like R&AW, the Directorate General of Security and the Special Protection Group are also part of the Cabinet Secretariat. The budgets and expenditure of R&AW, the DGS and SPG are scrutinised by the same financial director of accounts.

The SPG is assisted by R&AW's telecommunications division in the selection and procurement of telecommunications equipment required by it. General Singh used to assist the SPG in the selection of equipment, but differences arose between him and B V Wanchoo, director of the SPG, over the selection of some equipment.

Wanchoo overruled General Singh's objections to the purchase of Motorola equipment. Siemens, which had not made a bid, had alleged that Motorola was brazenly favoured. General Singh alleges that the US company overcharged the SPG and also that it is a security risk for VVIPs.

"If Singh strongly felt that an American company would compromise the prime minister's security," says a former R&AW officer, "the correct thing for him would have been to place his objections before the Secretary (Security) who coordinates the prime minister's security, or the Cabinet Secretary or the Principal Secretary to the prime minister or the National Security Adviser. Instead of doing so, he waited for three years after his retirement to write against Wanchoo's decision."

"When I was in service," says General Singh, "I did submit my reservations in writing to my head Sahay. It would not have been prudent to write to the NSA or anyone else."

He argues that the larger issue arising from this deal should be seen. "I want to share with the people what the Americans already know. It is a matter related to vital security."

In his book he writes that 'the algorithms used by intelligence agencies are always indigenously customised,' but in this case the SPG bought equipment whose encryption device is known to the Americans.' General Singh counts this as a security risk.

One chapter in his book concerns VVIP security. "Precisely because VVIP security is being compromised, I have written on it," he says.

B Raman, terrorism expert, former R&AW officer and rediff.com columnist, says, "There is a Laxman Rekha [Images] on the subject of security of the country's top leaders which nobody crosses in other countries. Singh seems to have crossed this Laxman Rekha and written on current matters relating to the functioning of the SPG, which is responsible for the security of the prime minister, past prime ministers and their families. The government is naturally seriously concerned over this."

Vikram Sood, another former R&AW chief, agrees: "I believe in principle it is wrong to write such a book."

The most disappointing chapter in General Singh's book is about R&AW officer Rabinder Singh who, just before he was apprehended for being an American spy, fled to the US. The author has not provided any new information about the episode.

He says the episode was mishandled by R&AW, which is, of course, hardly a secret. The fact is that when Rabinder Singh escaped from India, Amar Bhushan, with whom V K Singh did not share a rapport, was in charge of counter-intelligence at R&AW.

Interestingly, senior R&AW officers C D Sahay, Jyoti Sinha and Amar Bhushan, all hailed from Bihar and the same batch of the Indian Police Service. Sahay was an IPS officer of the Karnataka cadre; Sinha of the Bihar cadre; Bhushan of the Madhya Pradesh cadre.

Expectedly, the three officers shared what is known as 'peer group rivalry.' When Sahay was made R&AW chief on April 1, 2003, the Vajpayee government promoted Sinha and Bhushan as special secretaries with the same emoluments as Sahay.

Bhushan, who was appointed head of the Aviation Research Centre, was disinclined to demit charge of administration and continued to hold two charges as special secretary, administration, and director, ARC. In the former capacity he was in charge of counter-intelligence.

When Bhushan became aware of Rabinder Singh's links with the US and placed him under surveillance, he allegedly did not keep either Sahay or the Intelligence Bureau, which handles domestic intelligence, in the loop.

Only when Rabinder Singh slipped past surveillance and disappeared from New Delhi did Bhushan reportedly bring the matter to then R&AW chief Sahay's notice.

It is correct on General Singh's part to criticise the episode. Many former R&AW officers feel Bhushan has to bear a major share of the responsibility for Rabinder Singh's escape to the US.

However, they also feel, "V K Singh, who allegedly did not get along well with Bhushan, has over-dramatised the Rabinder Singh fiasco."

General Singh's book has also levelled allegations about R&AW's misuse of operational funds and argues for parliamentary oversight.

Asks Saxena, "Does he know anything about R&AW's finances? Of course it is subjected to audit."

Many former officers at the agency including Raman have been writing about this since 2000.

"So long as the director of accounts in the Cabinet Secretariat, who is a senior officer of the Indian Audit and Accounts Service and is of the rank of accountant general of a state, is satisfied about the handling of accounts," says Raman, "such allegations, which have been made periodically, need to be ignored if they are of a general nature."

Raman feels another allegation aired by General Singh, that a senior R&AW officer used secret operational funds to fund his daughter's education in the US should be investigated.

"This is a specific allegation. The government should enquire into this and if it is found false, it should inform the public instead of chasing V K Singh for making such an allegation."

Former R&AW chief Anand Kumar Verma feels, "Such books should be rated on merit. We should have the freedom to write. Former CIA chief George Tenet has just published a book where he has spoken against the President Bush and has ruthlessly criticised the invasion of Iraq. Freedom of expression is necessary for everybody, even for retired intelligence officers."

Interestingly, Verma draws attention to another fact of life for Indian intelligence officers. "Our organisation, which functions outside India, is essentially asking officers to break the law. In the US intelligence officers have the backing of their country's laws which authorises them to function 'legally' outside US shores. Here, none of us is protected. We should have the law to protect our intelligence officers."

As the debate goes on, Saxena puts it aptly, "The book is already published. The horse has bolted from the stable. No point in banning it now, belatedly."

"Enquiries indicate it is not correct that R&AW wants this book to be banned," adds Raman.

Garg denies the charge of planting rumours about a ban and refuses to reveal how well the book has done because he fears our telephonic conversation is being tapped by the intelligence agencies. Nonetheless, he appears to have the last laugh.
http://in.rediff.com/news/2007/jul/19sheela.htm
 
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RAW wounds

Intelligence agencies have been in the news of late more for the
goings on in the organisations, than for any great information they
have unearthed or gathered about the threats facing the country.

Several books, of the kiss and tell variety, have been hitting the
market with revelations of the inner workings of intelligence
establishments and, if they are to be believed, something is
extremely rotten in the shadowy kingdom of Denmark.

MK Dar of the Intelligence Bureau (IB) had embarrassed his former
employers a couple of years ago with sensational disclosures and now
two former officials of Research & Analysis Wing (RAW) — or, as it
is officially known, the Cabinet Secretariat — BN Raman and Major
General VK Singh have come out with their own memoirs that allegedly
expose the chinks and inner wrangles in these agencies.

From reports, including what has been selectively leaked by the
publishers, the authors talk of foreign agencies bugging Indian
government establishments, moles in high places and even misuse of
official funds.

And of course, there is the staple of the foibles of the bosses and
colleagues in one's own agency and that of the rival ones.

It all makes for fairly salacious reading. The story of former prime
minister VP Singh, the icon of secularism, willing to train RSS
volunteers to fight Islamist extremists in Jammu and Kashmir would
count as one.

But beyond such exposes, we have to consider the analyses and
stories of the inner rot in the intelligence set up. Recent
defections from RAW and the stories of the bungling in these books
indicate that there is a problem.

It is even possible that the problems are bigger than are made
public. Given that there is unchecked secrecy that shrouds their
activity, there is no way to even know if alarm bells have rung in
the government.

It might seem paradoxical that we should demand transparency in the
intelligence agencies. It is not.

In a democratic polity, intelligence work is only in the larger
public and national interest and cannot be misused by the political
bosses of the day.

Unlike in the west, where agencies operate secretly but are under
the oversight of political committees, we have chosen to keep them
out of any public accountability.

The agencies and their political masters may resist any attempts to
monitor them, but if former secret agents themselves are telling us
that these organisations are failing in their job, and allowing
secrets to leak like a sieve, among other things, then it's time the
country demanded and was given some answers.

http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=...24&pageid=2
 
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RAW Deal

Espionage, for the most part, involves finding a person who knows
something or has something that you can induce them secretly to give
to you. That almost always involves a betrayal of trust. Aldirch
Ames

Another former head of an intelligence agency has come out with a
promisingly tell-all book on the policies of the erstwhile
establishment, when he was in office. B Raman, the former Additional
Secretary in the Cabinet Secretariat has published a book, The
Kaoboys of R&AW- Down Memory Lane which has created ripples in the
book market as well as ruffled a few feathers in the higher echelons
of power. Apart from having made a killing on a book deal, B Raman
is also a noted columnist and writes for rediff.com.

Many might criticize the author for opening old wounds, digging out
graves for skeletons and mud slinging against a certain section of
the polity. But taking his words for it, our intelligence agencies
have a long way to go before they become a force that will spell
fear in the minds of the enemies. I have not read the book, but from
the excerpts published in newspapers, I need to raise a few concerns
here.

One part of the book mentions, penetration of our high level offices
by the French intelligence and the CIA. Now penetration by
intelligence agencies is common, but do we have an effective
policies and checks in place to deal with it? And how good are we in
penetrating high level offices in other countries? Indian
intelligence agencies have their tentacles well spread in our
neighbouring countries, we need to have that, because we are
surrounded by unstable states and almost all of them are a haven for
anti-India activities. But what about the US, the UK and the EU? I
don't know, but I have read reports that RAW agents have preferred
to quit service and settle down in these countries of their
assignment. That is wasting good talent.

Also due to the polarised nature of the Indian polity, we also
have 'hindutva' sympathizers in the establishment and they are in
the thick of things whenever the pro-hindutva lobby is in power.
This is quite harmful as the national interest takes a backseat and
bigoted views of the 'advisors' to the government take centre-stage.
The resources available to our intelligence agencies are probably
comparable to anything else in the world, but many a times the
talent and the resources are used to settle personal scores between
the political class. These resources are channelised to spy on rival
politicians and to blackmail them into supporting a particular
election campaign. Another instance of disregard to the intelligence
agencies was during the campaign to elect the next president this
year. Pratibha Patil, who eventually did manage to get past the
post, had been embroiled in many controversial land deals in the
name of her family members. The IB had a complete dossier on her and
her family's records, but the Government looked the other way. What
we had on our hands was a very disgraceful presidential election
fought(yes, fought) between two very unworthy candidates, none of
them deserving a stay at Raisina Hill.

What this shows is a nation gripped with strife between the
protectors of its citizens; though this may be true for all
intelligence agencies everywhere across the world. The world of
international espionage is quite murky but India is far behind in
keeping a finger on the going-ons in many places and this is quite
detrimental to our national security

http://absconding-soul.blogspot.com/2007/07/raw-deal.html
 
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"RAW :GLOBAL AND REGIONAL AMBITIONS"

Edited by Rashid Ahmad Khan and Muhammad Saleem,

Published by Islamabad Policy Research Institute, Asia Printers,
Islamabad, 2005

Contents
Chapter 1 Setting the Context
Chapter 2 RAW – Origin & Development
Chapter 3 RAW – Structure & Organization
Chapter 4 India & Its neighbours
Chapter 5 RAW and Pakistan
Chapter 6 RAW and Bangladesh
Chapter 7 RAW and Sri Lanka
Chapter 8 Nepal, Sikkim & RAW
Chapter 9 Conclusion

http://ipripak.org/books/raw.shtml
 
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