Plight of teen prompts education debate, protest in China

[jbond197]

Plight of teen prompts education debate, protest in China

(Reuters) - As the end of middle school approached this year, Zhan Haite, 15, faced two choices: attend vocational school in Shanghai in the fall or move to her ancestral home in distant Jiangxi province to take the high school entrance exam and study there.

Taking the test and going to senior high school in cosmopolitan Shanghai, where she had lived since she was four, was not an option.

Zhan is one of millions of children whose parents belong to China's vast migrant workforce and are barred from taking senior high school or college entrance exams where they live by half-century-old policies on household registration, or hukou.

The hukou system has split China's population in two for decades, affording different privileges and opportunities to urban and rural residents. It is a major challenge for China's new economic policymakers under Premier-in-waiting Li Keqiang as they try to push urbanisation as an engine of growth.

Not content with her choices, Zhan launched a microblog in May where she argued her case online, igniting a heated national debate.

In the process, she has become the poster child for a loose-knit but growing campaign for equal education opportunities.

"She is, of course, very important because she is a victim, and all along we have been hoping one of the children who have been hurt by these policies would stand up and represent all the victims so that the community more broadly can pay attention to the issue," said Xu Zhiyong, a Beijing civil rights lawyer, who has campaigned for people like Zhan.

Zhan, who has been home schooling since May, seems comfortable in the role.

"I am representative of students like me, our needs, our hopes," she said in her the two-bedroom apartment where she lives with her parents, grandmother, brother and sister.

"People should be able to take the tests where they study. There is no need to debate this."

SECOND-CLASS CITIZENS

But there has been debate, and people have taken to the streets. Beijing police on Saturday broke up a small protest and detained some of the demonstrators calling for hukou reform.

"We are doing this for the right of our children to an education," one of the protesters, who gave his family name as Tie, told Reuters on a freezing street.

"We want them to get rid of these restricting rules on household registration and give equal rights to education. We will keep fighting for it," he added.

For as long as there have been migrants after market reforms started more than three decades ago there have been complaints about the hukou system's inadequacies. Discussion of hukou reform has circulated for years, but steps have been cautious.

China's 230 million migrant workers have been the oarsmen of the world's second-biggest economy but have long been treated as second-class citizens with unequal access to education, health and other services tied to official residence status.

The education issue has been particularly divisive.

Zhan's father, Zhan Quanxi, was detained for several days this month after publicly protesting for education rights in central Shanghai, but criminal charges were dropped.

Still, his online posts have been met with sharp criticism from Shanghai hukou holders, some of whom have claimed to be part of a "Shanghai Defence Alliance".

The verbal mud slinging reflects a battle over turf in big cities where high school seats can help students get into top universities, said Ralph Litzinger, an anthropology professor at Duke University who studies Chinese migrant issues.

"In an increasingly stratified and almost insanely competitive society, of which the rural-urban hukou system is one part, Zhan Haite's case is ultimately, in my view, about uncertain and unpredictable Chinese futures," he said.

(Additional reporting by Maxim Duncan and Ben Blanchard in BEIJING; Editing by Nick Macfie)

 

[jbond197]

So does the Chinese members support half a century old hukou system? What are the benefits of this system? please share your views!

 

[djsjs]

So does the Chinese members support half a century old hukou system? What are the benefits of this system? please share your views!

my personal view point
1. it guaranteed every person living in countryside have lands that can feed them,and promoted the development of agriculture
2. it guaranteed every person living in cities have job or insurance.
it benifited much in the old days when their were few floating population

 

[Anonymous user]

I think China has more development to go before it can stop the hukou totally, its selfish but required.

With such good transports if the Hukou system stopped everyone will flock to the major cities to live and literally slums will be create overnight making the situation worse, unfortunately in such a big country people will suffer but by stopping the hukou without ensuring the cities can take in the added population will increase the burden on the existing infrastructure and literally cause more issues without effectively solving the issue.

IMO More thought need to be how to put some of the unused cities to good use, proper economic encouragement to make them viable and encourage the population to seek alternatives to move into instead of flocking to the traditional and now over burdened cities.

 

[djsjs]

I think China has more development to go before it can stop the hukou totally, its selfish but required.

With such good transports if the Hukou system stopped everyone will flock to the major cities to live and literally slums will be create overnight making the situation worse, unfortunately in such a big country people will suffer but by stopping the hukou without ensuring the cities can take in the added population will increase the burden on the existing infrastructure and literally cause more issues without effectively solving the issue.

IMO More thought need to be how to put some of the unused cities to good use, proper economic encouragement to make them viable and encourage the population to seek alternatives to move into instead of flocking to the traditional and now over burdened cities.

no. people can live in every city without a local hukou.the main problem they have to meet is the school entrance of their children.they have to pay a large amount of additional money to the local school.

 

[Anonymous user]

no. people can live in every city without a local hukou.the main problem they have to meet is the school entrance of their children.they have to pay a large amount of additional money to the local school.

Thanks for clarifying mate

 

[rcrmj]

So does the Chinese members support half a century old hukou system? What are the benefits of this system? please share your views!

Hu Kou system was actually one of the ancient Chinese Civil and residencial management systems took to manage household, and to keep on track of the kingdom or empire's population..and this system can be traced way back to spring autum/warring states periods

```in modern time we inherited this unorthodox system to make sure very limited resources were well allocated among the residence who dewlling in the cities. it restricts people from country side or less developed cities to live in other developed cities permenantly or benefiting from that city's welfare system, but its ok to travel

it does have some possitive sides contributed to the fast development of our economy (for example, order, well planned urban layouts, easy track on the movement, urban residents benefited greatly from the rapid development)

however, I do believe such ancient practice will be dropped or at least reformed to promote equality among urban and rural people

 

[Kolaps]

Western narrative, very misleading and one-sided story. No so surprising.

Let's see the other perspective. Does people in Beijing want to give up their university change to non-Beijing resident? China government is trapped in the middle, between immigrant worker versus local resident.

In Taiwan, the same case happened. Between local Taiwanese versus overseas Chinese. In Taiwan, Taiwan government give an easy opportunity for any overseas Chinese to study in Taiwan university......by sacrificing some chairs for local Taiwanese. There's some debate about it in Taiwan among students.

The same case in US university. Between hardworking Asian students versus Whites students.