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QBZ-95
Caliber: 5.8x42 mm (5.56x45 mm NATO)
Action: Gas operated, rotating bolt
Overall length: 760 mm
Barrel length: 520 mm
Weight: 3.4 kg unloaded
Rate of fire: ~ 650 rounds per minute
Magazine capacity: 30 rounds
In the late 1980s Chinese designers developed a 5.8 x 42 cartridge, apparently designated DBP87, which is claimed to be superior to both the 5.56 mm NATO and the 5.54 mm Soviet. This cartridge develops a muzzle velocity of 930 metres per second from a standard barrel, with a bullet weighing 4.26 gram.
As soon as the ammunition was ready, the PLA began to develop an entirely new and much more modern family of small arms based on the same action. This family, known as QBZ-95 ('Qing Buqiang Zu' = Light Rifles family, 1995), was first displayed outside the PLA in 1997, when China took over Hong Kong; it was observed that the Chinese guards were armed with a new, modern looking bullpup rifle. In fact it is one of an entirely new family of weapons, all designed around the same action and bullpup layout, which include the assault rifle, a shorter carbine, a light support weapon (with a bipod, a heavier barrel and large capacity magazine), and a sniper rifle. While being quite similar inside, these guns have different body shapes and cannot be converted from one configuration to another. The QBZ-95 line of weapons is now spreading throughout the PLA, commencing with elite units.
The QBZ-95 is a gas operated, magazine fed, automatic weapon with a bullpup layout. It has a short stroke gas piston and a rotating bolt. The charging handle is located at the top of the receiver, under the carrying handle. The housing is made from polymer, with an integral carrying handle, which holds the rear sight base, and has mounting points for optical or night vision scopes. The ejection port is made only at the right side of the weapon, so it cannot be fired from the left shoulder. Standard sights are of the open type, graduated from 100 to 500 meters. The front part of the barrel in the standard version is left unobstructed, so the QBZ-95 rifle can be used to launch rifle grenades. It also can be fitted with an underbarrel grenade launcher or with a knife bayonet. A compact carbine version, sometimes referred to as the CAR-95, cannot use either a grenade launcher or a bayonet, because of the much shortened barrel. Fire controls of QBZ-95 rifle consist of a trigger and a safety/selector switch, located (quite inconveniently) at the rear left of the receiver, behind the magazine housing. QBZ-95 can fire single shots or bursts.
The export version, QBZ-97, which is chambered for popular 5.56 x 45 NATO ammunition, is internally similar to QBZ-95, but has a different, much deeper magazine housing, which accepts a NATO-standard (M16-type) magazines.
During 2010-2011 PLA has adopted an improved version of the Type 95 / QBZ-95 rifle, known as Type 95-1 / QBZ-95-1. This rifle includes several important improvements, based on the field experience with original rifles. Polymer stock is made stronger, barrel is mproved to provide longer service life and better accuracy. Pistol grip and trigger aguard are redesigned, and selector / safety switch is moved to much more comfortable position, right above the pistol grip. Other improvements include addition of the bolt hold-open device and gas regulator. Ejection port is moved forward slightly to ensure that spent cases are ejected forward and to the right, allowing for left-hand shooting if necessary. Type 95-1 / QBZ-95-1 rifles and carbines now can be equipped with new, 35-mm underbarrel grenade launcher, known as QLG-10A. Rifle grenades still can be fired from the muzzle using special blank ammunition.
The QBZ-95 or Type 95 assault rifle has been developed in China. It is an entirely new and modern family of weapons, which uses newly developed Chinese ammunition. This assault rifle has been designed to replace the ageing
Type 81. The QBZ-95 was first adopted by the PLA elite units, however soon after it became the standard issue infantry rifle with the Chinese army, armed police and other law enforcement forces. This assault rifle was first observed in 1997. Export operators are Cambodia and Sri Lanka.
It is a gas operated, selective fire assault rifle, with a bullpup layout. This weapon is chambered for indigenous Chinese 5.8 x 42 mm ammunition. This cartridge had been developed in the late 1980s. It is claimed to be superior to the standard NATO 5.56 x 45 mm and Soviet 5.45 x 39 mm ammunition. Design of this weapon do not resembles any of the previous Chinese designs.
All weapons of the QBZ-95 family are designed around the same action and bullpup layout with a polymer housing. This family also includes a carbine and light machine gun. However these weapons can not be converted from one configuration to another.
A safety / fire mode selector switch is located behind the magazine, from the left side. This assault rifle produces single shots, three round bursts or fully automatic fire. The QBZ-95 incorporates some features to reduce recoil, which is claimed to be low.
The QBZ-95 is not ambidextrous. It's ejection port is made at the right side only. This weapon is fed from box-shaped polymer magazines, holding 30 rounds.
Chinese sources reported that the QBZ-95 is as accurate as the US
M16A3 and as reliable as the
Soviet AK-74, however these claims have not been confirmed by Western sources.
An integral carrying handle comes with built-in rear sight base. It is an open type and has a sighting range of 500 m. The carrying handle has mounting points for various sights or night vision scopes. Effective range of fire is about 400 m against a point target and 600 m against area target.
The QBZ-95 assault rifle is compatible with a 40-mm underbarrel grenade launcher, similar to the US M203. A more compact indigenous underbarrel grenade launcher has also been observed. The QBZ-95 can also be used to launch rifle grenades. A knife-bayonet can be attached.
Variants
QBZ-95-1 improved version with a relocated fire mode selector switch and some other improvements;
QBZ-97 export version, chambered for the 5.56 x 45 mm standard NATO round and compatible with the standard NATO (M16-type) magazines. Internally it is similar to the QBZ-95. Another variant - the QBZ-97A has additional three-round burst mode and a different pistol grip;
QBZ-95B carbine. This is a shorter and lighter version of the assault rifle. It is not compatible with bayonet or underbarrel grenade launcher due to it's short barrel;
QBB-95 light machine gun, fitted with a bipod and heavier barrel. It uses a 75 round drum-type magazine.
Weapon
Ammunition
Weight
Magazines
Price
QBZ-95 Assault Rifle
5.8mm Chinese
3.4 kg
30
$559
QBZ-97 Assault Rifle
5.56mm NATO
3.35 kg
30
$579
QBZ-95 Carbine
5.8mm Chinese
2.86 kg
30
$520
QBZ-97 Carbine
5.56mm NATO
3.15 kg
30
$529
QBZ-97A
5.56mm NATO
3.35 kg
30
$579
