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The Indian Union (constitutional name Bharat, aka India) was formed not by a philosophy of John Locke where people freely came together rather it was a Union that was forced by threat of arms.
Delhi has several military doctrines that are run in parallel:
The Doctrine of Coercion and Deceit is used against all neighbors (absorb Sikkim, sanction Nepal, invade Lanka, emasculate Bhutan, surround Bangladesh, and simply take over the Maldives).
Terrorists are sent to destabilize the governments and install compliant leaders Hindustan uses psychopathy towards the USA.
Delhi uses overreach and a carrot policy towards Afghanistan, and Tajikistan.
India uses detante and dissuasive deterrence with China.
Bharat uses commercial transactions to deal with Moscow.
Delhi uses blatant threats towards Pakistan.
Bharats stratigic doctrine has gone from pillar to post in the last sixty years. The used to call it the Indian Union, because the Russian Federation it was a so called Union of hundreds of states. Delhi met with some success when it mischievously and cunningly was able to break the Indian Independence Act of 1947 and with brutal force take over Hyderabad. Nehru also threatened all the 560 states that Britain had left in a sate of quasi-independence. Nehru informed them that if they didnt join the Indian Union they would be considered enemy states. What followed in the next few months was a saga of deceit, coercion, blackmail crafty cunning. Eeach and every one of the 560 states has a story to tell no how Bharat forced it to join the so called Indian Union. No wonder there are more than 83 insurgencies raging across the Bharati landscape, and 40% of the landmass of Bharat is in the hands of the Naxalswhere there is no writ of the Central Government. and Britain the guaranteer of the Independence Act look the other way, even though the Nizam of Hyderabad had funded the British war effort during World War II by giving London the 25 million pound sterlingthe equivalent of 30 billion Dollars.In the beginning, Delhi thought that it had inherited the British Empire and all the power that goes with it. The losses it incurred in 1948 placed a colossal dent it its ego. Delhi was however able to hide the defeat in 1948 from its population. To this day, the Bharati population is now shown the real map of its borders. Bharatis really think that Delhis borders touch that of Afghanistan. This geographic illiteracy leads its citizens to behave a certain way towards Afghanistan. Indira Gandhi most famously said the NWFP is ours, and Punjab is on the way. Hence the Pakistani obsession with Bharati designs.
Bharat tried to pull a Police Action in Tibet. The resulting thrashing from Beijing. It now knew that that the contempt felt by Nehru towards Mao and Chou En Lai was unreal. From that fateful day in 1962 the doyens of Delhi will never underestimate the Chinese. The only reason we are still talking about Kashmir is because President Ayub Khan was beguiled by the Americans into thinking that Nehru on bended could be trusted, that Delhi would live up to tis promise and hold a referendum right after the war ended in 1962. Chou En Lai (old spelling) had told Bhtutto and wanted Islamabad to attack Bharat and liberate Kashmirwhile Bharati forces were engaged in trying to contain China. It was a golden opportunity that Ayub Khan passed up.
In 1965 when Ayub struckit was too late. The Chinese did not want another war, and the Americans had replenished the arsenal of Delhi
As a payback for not attacking India in 1962, Bharat began training 80,000 Hindu terroirst which it began infiltrating into Muslim Bengal. It is doing the same todayby supporting the TTP and the BLA (Brahamdagh Bugti travels on an Indian passport).
In 1971, the 80,000 Bharati terrorists were disguised as Pakistani soldiers to wreak havoc, murder, rape and maim the local population Part of these became the Mukti Bahni. Pakistan at the time had been sanctioned by the US. Almost all its arms were US based. The US sanctions imposed in 1965 had taken their toll. In 1970 President Nixon said that the integrity and sovereignty of Pakistan was a cornerstone of American policy. The 5th fleet however didnt quite make it to the Bay of Bengal to assist the 20,000 Pakistani soldier and 13, 000 volunteers of Al-Badar and Al-Shams. Today the Bharati temple indoctrination seems to tell them that there wer 93,000 soldeirs in Muslim Bengal. 93,000 Prisoners of War included civilians, doctors, teachers and the unlucky civil Servants who could not escape the events of 1971.
In the Post 1971 world, Islamabad pledge Never Again and developed the Nuclear bomb and publisehd its strategy of Minimum deterrrence based upon Nuclear weapons lodged on short, medium range and long range missiles.
Designed by Stephen Cohen, Bharat countered with its Cold Start Strategy. It has moved from a deterrent doctrine to a more proactive and offensive doctrine that potentially countenances compellence. The now rejected Cold Start Strategy was based on the following pillars. Dr. Amarjeet Singh, Research Assistant at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi describes the Cold Start Streategy.
The stability-instability paradox made its appearance with Pakistan choosing to engage India at the sub-conventional level. Stability at the upper nuclear and conventional level, led to instability at the sub conventional level. This climaxed in Pakistani incursion across the Line of Control in Kargil in 1999. It has been posited that there is space for conventional operations between sub conventional and nuclear war. India has therefore moved towards an offensive doctrine that can be characterized as one of compellence, when the land, sea, air and joint doctrines are taken conjointly with nuclear doctrine.
The prognosis of future Limited War is that it would be short duration, high intensity and from a cold start. It is expected that international pressures and need to limit costs would entail a short duration. To offset international pressures in the crisis management stage and for getting enemy defence under prepared, a cold start has been deemed necessary. This would enable India to make military gains through surprise, by undercutting the mobilization differential that was earlier in favour of Pakistan.
Indias land warfare doctrine is essentially to create the conditions of launch of the major offensive by the strike corps. A salient fire break between the pivot corps offensives in the first phase and the following strike corps deep offensives in the next phase can be discerned, even though these offensive operations are likely to be in a seamless sequence, not lending itself to breakdown in phases. This fire break constitutes the crucial decision point in which Indias strategic, political and diplomatic might needs to be combined with the impending application of military force to ensure Pakistan complies with Indian aims. The launch of the strike corps would be equivalent of a failure of grand strategy for it would bring the nuclear factor unmistakably into the reckoning. Since offensive operations would have to reckon with the nuclear reaction threshold of Pakistan, a nuclear doctrine of massive punitive retaliation comes under question. There is a case for move of nuclear doctrine to flexible punitive retaliation.
There is need for maximizing synergy between the politico-diplomatic and military prongs of strategy to coincide with the firebreak between launch of pivot and strike corps offensives. To keep these a seamless continuum is to unleash a doomsday machine. Launch of strike corps offensives, unless it is as a counter offensive to Pakistani corps offensives as part of their offensive defence doctrine, would be to enter an uncertain strategic realm. Therefore, a public shift from massive punitive retaliation to flexible punitive retaliation is in order at the nuclear level. At the conventional level must be taken into cognizance the firebreak between the offensives of the pivot and strike corps as the key exit point with war termination pressures being maximized by an orchestration of Indian war grand strategy to culminate at this juncture, if not prior to launch of cold start forces.
The following points were raised during the discussion:
It is difficult to make a sharp distinction between compellence and deterrence as the former is subsumed in the latter.
Indias doctrine is not an offensive one, but is reactive and therefore lends itself to deterrence as against compellence.
Better integration and jointness among the services is required to achieve war aims in future wars.
Delhi repeatedly tried to experiment with Cold Start in 1998, 2002, 2008 and 2010. It discovered that it was impossible to mobilize its forces in a short period of tiem. In each one of those occasions, Pakistan was able to see the Bharati actions and mobilized quickly and at a faster pace to face the enemy on the border. Since 1998, Pakistan has improved its Nuclear arms both qualitatively and quantitatively.
After the colossal failure of its Cold Start Strategy, Bharat officially abandoned it. For weeks there was no news about Bharats current military doctrine. Now there is news that Bharat has developed new strategies to deal with the Pakistani threat. Shishir Gupta of the Hindustan Times.
He says that Fundamental changes have been made in Indias war doctrine after the military restructured its fighting capacities, with the aim of waging all future battles in enemy territory. The new concept was discussed in tri-services Commanders Conference last week. It will be used during military exercises in south Pokhran this winter.
Top government sources said learning the brutal lesson from Kargil war of fighting within Indian territory, the new doctrine is actually a step ahead of Cold War Start concept, with scope only for aggression and not passive resistance.
The Cold Start concept was developed post Operation Parakram in 2002, with designated groups prepared to go into war theatre from the word go without long drawn out preparations.
During the October 10-14 Senior Commanders Conference, top army commanders discussed the restructuring of pivot and strike corps and theatre-based combat support and combat service support.
While Bharat tries out new doctrines, Pakistan is not sitting idle. It is preparing with its own countermeasures. It is a matter of fact that Pakistan has substantially increased the number of Nuclear weapons it has. According to press reports Pakistan has the 4th largest number of nuclear weapons in the world. Plutonium based weapons are mroe devastating and are smaller in size. Gupta states In common parlance, this means that the army has done away with the concept of holding (defensive) and strike (offensive) corps level formations.
Under the new scheme of things to come, holding corps have been re-designated as pivot corps with the task to secure objectives in enemy territory and lay the foundation for launching strike formations.
For example, the Bathinda-based X Corps will no longer hold the intruding enemy but launch across to build a platform for strike by the designated II Corps in Ambala.
Each formation would have pre-designated support structures, including air support, so that the battle group would function with synergy rather than last minute creations.
This in military parlance has been described as theatre-based combat support and combat services support. The new concept was used Vijayee Bhava exercise last May with the army and air force enacting the land-air battle plans. It is going to be tested again in Sudarshan Shakti exercise this winter, 75 miles off the India-Pakistan border in Rajasthan.
The Pakistan army has also developed a counter strategy called the Early War Offensive. This new strategy was first divulged by President Musharraf. He said that n the case of war, Pakistan would simply not wait till the Nuclear threshold is reached. 150,000 to 450,000 reserves would be sent deep into Bharat. 25% of its army reserves will be deployed on the eastern border to take on the Indian offensive at the first sign of war.
Thus any Bharati incursion across the sacrosanct border will be met with massive force and infiltrated reserves which would go across Bharat, cut enemy supply lines, sabotage communication, create diversions, wreak havoc with the commercial lifelines of Bharatairports, ports, bridges and roads. Bharat fears that the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) has the prowess to transfer men and equipment right to the Line of Actual Control (LAC). Bharat now fears that the China-Pakistan theaters are now linked up at least in Azad Kashmir. The Bharati armys wants to raising the first mountain strike corps. This mountain force is supposedly Delhis response to the PLA and Pakistani symbiosis. For Dlehi to fight a two theater war in impossible.
Pakistan banks on Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)to keep Bharat away from its intentions of forming Akhand Bharat.
