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North Korea Defence Forum

North Korea presumed to have fired 1 SLBM-type missile

https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20191002001255325


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North Korea launches longer-range Pukguksong-3 SLBM


SEOUL, Oct. 2 (Yonhap) -- What North Korea fired from waters off its east coast on Wednesday appears to be a newer, longer-range version of its submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) that could pose greater threats to global security, experts said.

According to South Korea's Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), the missile, believed to be a type of the North's Pukguksong SLBM, was fired from waters off the east coast near Wonsan in an easterly direction at around 7:11 a.m. It flew around 450 kilometers at a maximum altitude of about 910 km, it added.

It is North Korea's 11th weapons test so far this year, but it is the first test firing of the submarine-based projectile, which is classified as a medium-range missile. During the previous 10 rounds of tests, Pyongyang fired only shot-range ones.

"Today's test could be North Korea's declaration of its development of the new SLBM, or Pukguksong-3, which is the upgraded version of the Pukguksong-1 missile," said Moon Keun-sik, an expert at the Korea Defense and Security Forum.

In August 2016, North Korea successfully test-fired a Pukguksong-1 ballistic missile, codenamed KN-11, from a 2,000-ton Sinpo-class submarine off the east coast, which flew around 500 km at the maximum altitude of around 500 to 600 km.

The communist country then showed off the Pukguksong-2 missile, also known as KN-15, in 2017, which is not an SLBM but a ground-based one.

"So far, we've confirmed that North Korea developed the two Pukguksong-type missiles, and their flight ranges reach around 1,300 km," Defense Minister Jeong kyeong-doo said during a parliamentary audit on Wednesday.

North Korea is known to have been improving the solid-fueled SLBM. In August 2017, the North's official Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) released photos showing the design of what was presumably the Pukguksong-3 missile.

"What makes the SLBM formidable is that it is quite difficult to detect those launched from under water," said Shin Jong-woo, a senior analyst at the Korea Defense and Security Forum in Seoul.

"The Pukguksong-3 missile would also be designed to be launched from canisters, which makes it easier to transport and more difficult to detect in advance," he noted.

http://web.archive.org/web/20191002....co.kr/view/AEN20191002010300325?section=news

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http://web.archive.org/web/20191002142503/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EF3Hn9zW4AAwWAW.jpg
1. Early attempt of modeling the reported launch out of Wonsan with 450 km range & 910 km peak. Results are preliminary:
Cutoff speed ~3750 m/s at ~90 km altitude, total flight time 17+ minutes. Would have crossed Japan at ~500 km and flown 2000 km if launched for max range.


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http://web.archive.org/web/20191002142534/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EAHn9KYXsAEW1Bz.jpg
2. Our first glimpse at the Pukguksong-3 SLBM in August 2017 during KJU’s tour of the Chemical Materials Institute.

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http://web.archive.org/web/20191002...rockets/Specials/Pukguksong-3_SLBM/family.jpg
3. Based on the transporter's tires dimension, the SLBM missile paraded in April 2017 has a diameter of 1.4 m.

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http://web.archive.org/web/20191002...ckets/Specials/Pukguksong-3_SLBM/analysis.jpg
4. Photogrammetric Analysis: 1.4m diameter, 9.25m long.

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http://web.archive.org/web/20191002...ockets/Specials/Pukguksong-3_SLBM/PS-3_10.jpg
5. Based on the transporter's tires dimension, the SLBM missile paraded in April 2017 has a diameter of 1.4 m.


The Pukguksong-3 SLBM is the first launch into Japan’s EEZ since the 28th November 2017 launch of the Hwasong-15 ICBM.

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DPRK Academy of Defence Science Succeeds in Test-firing of New-type SLBM

Pyongyang, October 3 (KCNA) -- The Academy of Defence Science of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea succeeded in test-firing the new-type SLBM Pukguksong-3 in the waters off Wonsan Bay of the East Sea of Korea on Wednesday morning.

The new-type ballistic missile was fired in vertical mode.

The test-firing scientifically and technically confirmed the key tactical and technical indexes of the newly-designed ballistic missile and had no adverse impact on the security of neighboring countries.

The leading officials of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) and in the field of the national defence scientific research who guided the test-firing on the spot informed the WPK Central Committee of the result of the successful test-firing.

Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un sent warm congratulations on behalf of the Central Committee of the WPK to the national defence scientific research units involved in the test-firing.

The successful new-type SLBM test-firing comes to be of great significance as it ushered in a new phase in containing the outside forces' threat to the DPRK and further bolstering its military muscle for self-defence. -0-

rodong.rep.kp/ko/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2019-10-03-0001

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http://web.archive.org/web/20191003..._contents_ko/2019/10/03/photo/2019.10.03+.jpg ; rodong.rep.kp/ko/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2019-10-03-0001
1. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea succeeded in test-firing the new-type SLBM Pukguksong-3 in the waters off Wonsan Bay of the East Sea of Korea.

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http://web.archive.org/web/20191003...ontents_ko/2019/10/03/photo/2019.10.03-1+.jpg ; rodong.rep.kp/ko/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2019-10-03-0001
2. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea succeeded in test-firing the new-type SLBM Pukguksong-3 in the waters off Wonsan Bay of the East Sea of Korea.

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http://web.archive.org/web/20191003000820/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EF56gp3WwAIuH6h.jpg ; rodong.rep.kp/ko/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2019-10-03-0001
3. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea succeeded in test-firing the new-type SLBM Pukguksong-3 in the waters off Wonsan Bay of the East Sea of Korea.

EF56gp3XoAYkhl2.jpg

http://web.archive.org/web/20191003000925/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EF56gp3XoAYkhl2.jpg ; rodong.rep.kp/ko/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2019-10-03-0001
4. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea succeeded in test-firing the new-type SLBM Pukguksong-3 in the waters off Wonsan Bay of the East Sea of Korea.

EF5zUHFXoAIl-UO.jpg

http://web.archive.org/web/20191003001027/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EF5zUHFXoAIl-UO.jpg ; rodong.rep.kp/ko/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2019-10-03-0001
5. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea succeeded in test-firing the new-type SLBM Pukguksong-3 in the waters off Wonsan Bay of the East Sea of Korea.

EF5xvMkXoAAQckZ.jpg

http://web.archive.org/web/20191002234243/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EF5xvMkXoAAQckZ.jpg ; rodong.rep.kp/ko/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2019-10-03-0001
6. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea succeeded in test-firing the new-type SLBM Pukguksong-3 in the waters off Wonsan Bay of the East Sea of Korea.


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The Japanese defense minister said “ Pukguksong-3’s normal range: 2500 km”

今夕、河野大臣の会見に陪席。大臣は「2日の北の弾道ミサイルは、約450㎞飛翔、最高高度約900㎞に達したと推定、仮に通常軌道なら最大2500㎞射程に達する可能性、つまり準中距離弾道ミサイルに相当、更に新型の固体燃料推進方式のSLMB(潜水艦発射弾道ミサイル)とみられるが、更なる分析が必要」と。
Tonight, I attended a meeting with Minister Kono. The minister said, “The north ballistic missile on the 2nd is estimated to have traveled about 450 km and reached a maximum altitude of about 900 km, and if it is a normal orbit, it could reach a maximum of 2500 km, which is equivalent to a quasi-medium-range ballistic missile, Furthermore, it seems to be a new solid fuel propulsion type SLMB (submarine launching ballistic missile), but further analysis is necessary. "

https://twitter.com/ty_polepole/status/1179687265699676161

Meanwhile the general rule of thumb for converting apogee to lateral range is: apogee = 1/4 of range.

With this 910 km lofted ballistic minimum energy trajectory (MET), the total normal lateral range is 3'600 km, putting Guam well within its striking range!

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https://archive.fo/y2yzd/a964a16a2660bb5da906dee8c47abc09522227b0.jpg ; https://archive.fo/y2yzd/bfaaf0939f8ea09b8a03be102ead41d2fe8fc0a9/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191003133924/https://imgur.com/MLPqMnA
1. Guam at ~3'200 km from North Korea.

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https://archive.fo/tTQPk/2bbdf83ee4fc134e7863705dab92db828c157324.jpg ; https://archive.fo/tTQPk/8911962134c6039894c9b69cec146048764e36d5/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191003...flickr.com/65535/48835087751_aa7e6baf7b_c.jpg ; https://www.flickr.com/photos/dprktoday/48835087751/in/photostream/ ; http://www.dprktoday.com/index.php?type=42&no=16905&l=k ; http://www.naenara.com.kp/en/news/news-viewer.php?0+8631
2. Rocketcam: the Pukguksong-3 two stage solid-fuel SLBM normal lateral range is 3'600 km, putting Guam well within its striking range!

North Korea has posted pictures of the successful launch the Pukguksong-3 SLBM on 2nd October 2019. It is a test version, without reentry warhead, nor the skirt with grid-fins. The launch was made from an underwater barge.

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https://archive.fo/hB2rM/2ee9847baa596a03ba0d091e3c360b687e6a68ab.jpg ; https://archive.fo/hB2rM/0e5980ffad72e296bebca043deab02ec456f98a5/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191003...rockets/Specials/Pukguksong-3_SLBM/PS-3TR.jpg ; http://archive.is/TsVsX
3. North Korea's Pukguksong-3 two stage solid-fuel SLBM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nm0xhrWx-eg ; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSFZEvOTQR4
4. DPRK Academy of Defence Science Succeeds in Test-firing of New-type SLBM "Pukguksong-3" [ENGLISH] Video


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North Korea's upcoming end to its self-declared moratorium on space launch.


DPRK FM Spokesperson Denounces US Moves against DPRK

A spokesperson for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the DPRK released the following statement on October 10:

Despite our warnings, six EU countries, including Britain, France and Germany, held a closed-door meeting of the UNSC at the instigation of the US on October 8 to release a statement "critical" of our self-defensive measure.

The UNSC, which allegedly champions fairness and equity, picked fault with the just measure belonging to our right to self-defence, while keeping mum about the test-fire of Minuteman 3 ICBM recently conducted by the US. This is a serious provocation against us.

Worse still, the US begged for the DPRK-US working-level negotiations, but it came to the talks with empty hands, thus breaking them off. Yet, it claimed that the result of negotiations was positive, and encouraged its satellites to release a statement critical of the DPRK. We are now looking closely into what the US intends to do.

As acknowledged by the international community, the US conducted the recent ICBM test-fire in a bid to pressure the DPRK. The DPRK can give tit for tat, but it is now controlling itself under the judgment that a counteraction is not necessary yet and it is still premature.

But there is a limit to our patience and there is no guarantee that all our patience would continue indefinitely.

Despite our strong warnings, the UNSC, without a correct yardstick, has put on the table for no justifiable reason the issue belonging to our right to self-defence just to meet someone's interests. The reality urges us to reconsider the crucial measures we have taken on our own initiative for the confidence-building with the US.

2019-10-11

http://www.naenara.com.kp/main/index/en/news

October 14th, 2019 video showing the popular support among the North Korean citizens for more space launches:

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https://archive.fo/WhrC2/32ba790ed1633e8b845f68769ae100cbd08f3908.png ; https://archive.fo/WhrC2/5896786017dfcc28ed5f1f1b7b7ec1200e4f2ae2/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191014220605/https://i.imgur.com/5YvbJFh.png https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=acZg6kwyvPg
1. North Koreans' reaction to the "Pukguksong-3" missile test [KOREAN]. 붉은별 TV [NEW]. Published 14 October 2019.


October 11th, 2019 video showing strong support for Kim Jong Un's policy:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSPUugRzdI0
2. We Think of the Marshal, Awake or Asleep [ENGLISH]. 붉은별 TV [NEW]. Published October 11th, 2019.


Also confirmed by the U.S.' preparations for the expected upcoming space launch.


U.S. Spy Planes Scour North Korea for Long-Range Missile Activity

October 14, 2019 10:54

An E-8C Joint STARS ground surveillance aircraft of the U.S. Air Force buzzed the Seoul metropolitan area on Friday to see if North Korea is preparing any intercontinental missile launches.

According to Aircraft Spots, a military aircraft tracker, the E-8C flew from an area south of Seoul to the East Sea. It seems to be one of the two E-8Cs the U.S. deployed at Kadena Air Base in Okinawa, Japan on Oct. 5.

Last Tuesday, another U.S. spy plane, an RC-135S Cobra Ball, flew from Kadena Air Base across the country's inland for the same purpose.

The forays came after North Korea warned it could resume nuclear and intercontinental ballistic missile tests after working-level denuclearization talks with the U.S. collapsed early last week.

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https://archive.is/GmyRn/c484465e4edc1fd6cd537499d4f6388a2c79d9b5.jpg ; https://archive.is/GmyRn/8a5fe24dcb536be512d3401b15ceb0f3b3d5cb2b/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191014...data/jajuilbo_com/201910/2019101432294082.jpg ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191014...ub_read.html?uid=47515&section=sc38&section2= ; http://archive.fo/nI8sw
3. An E-8C Joint STARS ground surveillance aircraft of the U.S. Air Force buzzed the Seoul metropolitan area on Friday to detect signs of North Korean preparation for a space launch.


http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2019/10/14/2019101400913.html

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Official: North Korea's upcoming end to its self-declared moratorium on space launch.


Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un Ascends Mt Paektu on Horseback

Oct. 16, Juche 108 (2019) Wednesday

Kim Jong Un, chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea, chairman of the State Affairs Commission of the DPRK and supreme commander of the armed forces of the DPRK, climbed up Mt Paektu, riding a white horse through the first snow of Mt Paektu.

He was accompanied by senior officials of the WPK Central Committee.

His march on horseback in Mt Paektu is a great event of weighty importance in the history of the Korean revolution.

He, sitting on horseback atop Mt Paektu, recollected with deep emotion the road of arduous struggle he has covered for the great cause of building the most powerful country with faith and will as firm as Mt Paektu and days of fast-paced changes as well, and took a bird's-eye view of the rolling mountains as if he viewed the high steep mountains ahead of the revolution he would have to go over again in high spirits.

His eyes were glittering with acumen of an illustrious commander who clearly sees the road of advance of a socialist power that is achieving prosperity with its own efforts while braving all headwinds by dint of the storm of Paektu.

Witnessing the great moments of his thinking on Mt Paektu, all the accompanying officials were overwhelmed by emotion and joy with the conviction that there would be an exciting operation to take the world by surprise again and bring the Korean revolution a step forward.


Political News Team

Reference

rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_02&newsID=2019-10-16-0002_photo
rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2019-10-16-0002

http://www.dprktoday.com/index.php?type=81&no=1405&l=k
http://www.dprktoday.com/index.php?type=95&s=1&no=12440&l=k#pos
http://www.dprktoday.com/index.php?type=22&no=21247&l=k#pos

http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=31769


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https://archive.is/BNPbk/3c87b974589f7c8763cc2199db7786faa4f51882.jpg ; http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/images/periodic/times/2019/10/42/3-6.jpg ; http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=31769
1. Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un Ascends Mt Paektu on Horseback

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https://archive.fo/4gpyp/711fadf31817e4007dcf8ed0ee96c9a45e3505c6.jpg ; http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/images/periodic/times/2019/10/42/3-7.jpg ; http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=31769
2. Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un Ascends Mt Paektu on Horseback

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https://archive.fo/nMfHe/53b601a8f4d4ca7bc668dc62c22b9785a0ec88c5.jpg ; http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/images/periodic/times/2019/10/42/3-8.jpg ; http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=31769
3. Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un Ascends Mt Paektu on Horseback

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpNPqcglc8I ; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nAtizIc_io ; 北朝鮮 「金正恩同志、白頭山頂に登られた (김정은동지께서 백두산정에 오르시였다)」KCTV 2019/10/16 日本語字幕付き ; [혁명활동소식] 경애하는 최고령도자 김정은동지께서 백두산정에 오르시였다
4. Video: 北朝鮮 「金正恩同志、白頭山頂に登られた (김정은동지께서 백두산정에 오르시였다)」KCTV 2019/10/16 日本語字幕付き. Posted Oct 16, 2019


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Confirmed by western decryption:

North Korean leader visits sacred mountain as speculation grows

Oct 16, 2019

North Korean leader Kim Jong Un has made yet another improbable trek to the top of 2,744-meter-high (9,003-feet-high) Mount Paektu, which the country calls “the sacred mountain of the revolution” — and this time, he did it atop a white steed.

But behind the grandiose pictures may lie a more important message — Kim was said to be preparing for “a great operation to strike the world with wonder again,” according to state media.

Pictures released by the North’s official Korean Central News Agency on Wednesday showed Kim riding a galloping horse through snow-covered roads and forests, making his way to the top of the mountain.

“He, sitting on the horseback atop Mt Paektu, recollected with deep emotion the road of arduous struggle he covered for the great cause of building the most powerful country,” the KCNA dispatch said.

“The eyes of Kim Jong Un standing up atop grandiose Mt Paektu were full of noble glitters of the illustrious commander who clearly indicates the road of advance of a powerful socialist country that is achieving prosperity with its own efforts … in the face of all headwinds,” it went on.

“Having witnessed the great moments of his thinking atop Mt Paektu, all the officials accompanying him were convinced with overflowing emotion and joy that there will be a great operation to strike the world with wonder again and make a step forward in the Korean revolution.”

It was unclear what KCNA was referring to when it noted the “great operation,” but Kim’s visits to the mountain have typically surrounded key events and major leadership decisions, according to analysts.

His previous trip to the mountain was in September last year, when he visited it with South Korean President Moon Jae In in a move meant to highlight improving inter-Korean ties.

Before that, Kim last made the trek to the mountain’s summit in December 2017, after the late-November launch of the North’s most powerful missile to date, the Hwasong-15 intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), which is believed capable of carrying a nuclear weapon to most, if not all, of the contiguous United States.

Kim has also visited the mountain around other major developments in the North, including before he executed his powerful uncle, Jang Song-thaek, in late 2013, and following his country’s fifth nuclear test in 2016.

Pyongyang warned last week after working-level talks with Washington broke off that it would not hold any more “sickening negotiations” until the U.S. takes a “substantial step” toward a “complete and irreversible withdrawal” of its “hostile policy.” After the talks collapsed, the North’s top negotiator also warned of “terrible events” unless the United States comes to the negotiating table well prepared.

Vipin Narang, a North Korea expert and professor of international relations at MIT, said this could hint that North Korea may be looking to turn up the heat on U.S. President Donald Trump.

“Don’t get me wrong I was hoping for a shirtless Kim Jong Un in the snow as much as the next person … but I think he’s giving us a space launch instead,” Narang wrote on Twitter.

Asked about why Kim might choose a space launch instead of another missile — he has launched a spate this year, including a submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) — Narang said such a move could be the next screw to turn as the North Korean leader seeks to squeeze more concessions out of the U.S. side ahead of his self-imposed end-of-the-year deadline for progress in the talks.

Narang told The Japan Times that an ICBM launch or nuclear test were “too aggressive, too soon,” but that a rocket launch, likely under the veneer of putting a satellite in space, would be a possible option for Kim.

“After [the SLBM] test, a space launch is [the] next rung up on the ladder — [to] see how far he can go, quite literally, before Trump even notices,” Narang said in an email.

KCNA said Kim also visited nearby construction sites in Samjiyon County and blasted U.S.-led U.N. sanctions imposed on his country over its nuclear and missile programs.

“The situation of the country is difficult owing to the ceaseless sanctions and pressure by the hostile forces and there are many hardships and trials facing us,” Kim was quoted as saying. “But our people grew stronger through the trials and found their own way of development and learned how to always win in the face of trials.”

Kim also said “the pain the U.S.-led anti-(North Korea) hostile forces inflicted upon the Korean people … turned into their anger,” according to KCNA. “No matter what persistent efforts the enemy make, we can live well with our own efforts and pave the avenue to development and prosperity in our own way.”

North Korea has been slapped with a total of 11 rounds of sanctions since 2006. The sanctions have been toughened since 2016 when Kim began conducting a series of high-profile nuclear and missile tests, and they include a full ban on key exports such as coal, textiles and seafood and a significant curtailing of oil imports.

Mintaro Oba, a former U.S. State Department official who worked on North Korean issues, said it was too early to say what exactly the statements by Kim meant, but acknowledged that they were almost surely carefully crafted.

“North Korea has never been careless about the signals, they know the outside world is watching closely, and they’re not just throwing random bluster out there,” Oba said. “They probably don’t mind the tactical ambiguity, either, of teasing at the possibility that something tension-raising might happen while diplomatic efforts continue.”


http://web.archive.org/web/20191016.../?hootPostID=c1650e2de31f2b75a46db089a1164864
http://web.archive.org/web/20191016.../?hootPostID=c1650e2de31f2b75a46db089a1164864
http://archive.fo/ioHm2



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North Korea's AIP system enables submarine to remain submerged for up to four weeks

North Korea pitched state-of-the-art submarine system to Taiwan military: report

2019/04/05 17:56

The AIP system is believed to enable the submarine to remain submerged for up to four weeks

As Taiwan's first indigenous submarine project is underway, media reported the North Korean government years ago reached out to Taiwan's military in an attempt to sell its advanced marine propulsion technology - Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) - for the project.

People familiar with the matter told UPmedia that a number of submarine builders and software providers from the United States, Europe among 16 other countries showed their interest in participating in the country's indigenous submarine project. To the military department's surprise, the North Korean military was among the bidders, reportedly pitching their products through a Taiwanese trading company.

The name of the trading company was not disclosed in the news story.

The report indicated that the company was pitching on behalf of the isolated nation, which has been enduring severe financial stress under the sanctions imposed by international bodies and a number of countries. The products on the list included North Korea's miniature Yono-class submarine, Yugo-class submarine, Sang-O-class submarine, as well as the North Korean self-made AIP system.

The system is believed to enable the submarine to remain submerged for up to four weeks to better extend its underwater endurance, compared to an underwater endurance of only a few days in traditional diesel-electric submarines.

A submarine expert working for Taiwan's military reportedly made a fact-checking trip years ago to the China-DPRK border city of Dandong to meet the North Korean military officials, from whom the expert verified the authenticity of the bid and its capability to carry out the task. However, Taiwan's military eventually didn't consider the technologies out of concern that it would violate UN sanctions against North Korea.

https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3673918

:smokin:

More on the Taiwan links.



Australian man accused of trying to sell North Korean missiles overseas refused bail

Fri 18 Oct 2019 09.12 BST

Choi Han Chan, 60, is the first person ever charged under Australia’s Weapons of Mass Destruction (Prevention of Proliferation) Act.

He has been charged with offences under the Charter of the United Nations Act and the Autonomous Sanctions Act, as well as the Weapons of Mass Destruction Act. The maximum penalty for these offences is 10 years’ imprisonment.


Choi described himself as North Korea’s “international commerce” liaison, working on behalf of the highest echelons of the DPRK government.

“I am a recognised strategist that has favour with Kim Jong Un,” he wrote.

The police allegations state that in late 2017 Choi brokered the sale of missiles and missile technology with a Taiwanese contact. They also state that he negotiated to send experts to the contact to help operate the technology. But the alleged deal was disrupted by his arrest.

https://www.theguardian.com/austral...l-north-korean-missiles-overseas-refused-bail


10:06PM December 17, 2017

The AFP allege the man was generating income for Pyongyang by brokering the sale of computer software for the guidance of ballistic missiles to other “international entities”.

https://www.theaustralian.com.au/na...a/news-story/ce6e834e7096b67c3c4d3ec5b9f7537d


:smokin:
 
New Hints

After a week-end of endless waiting, as expected, hinted by the previous days Kim Jong Un's Climb on Mt Paektu, finally the first ever proof of concept has been revealed officially by North Korea. In the latest 18th October 2019 youtube video, a space launcher is illustrated with a first stage showing 4 rocket engines. By symmetry the total can therefore be numbered to 8 main engines.

The flame in the central part is longer and of larger diameter than the lateral ones, indicating a clusters of engines or less likelly, more powerful ones.

97391dd9a7ba8252b2d00e359add5c1acc2c6104.jpg


https://archive.fo/eoqB7/97391dd9a7ba8252b2d00e359add5c1acc2c6104.jpg ; https://archive.fo/eoqB7/491dfd5dda6b679abe8c2b270020a857ddabb92a/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191020201549/https://i.imgur.com/e5ts4RT.jpg ;
"5점", [소개편집물] 최우등생들은 말한다 평천구역 부흥초급중학교 [Introduction edit] Top class students Pyongchon District Elementary and Middle School [介绍编辑]一流的学生说平川地区复兴中小学, 조선중앙TV 1.46K subscribers , 109 views •Oct 18, 2019, https://youtu.be/Gzv19dSQYS0?t=56 ; T=56s / 9m44s

1. The Unha-X launcher as hinted in a 18th October 2019 video.

Although the rocket does not show any strap-on booster, but a clusters of rocket tanks similar to the Saturn-IB, the real design should resemble that of the Chinese CZ-2F.

But the reference to the Saturn-IB means that it is powered by eight main engines, and that it is supporting the manned space program.

The S-IB stage was built by the Chrysler corporation at the Michoud Assembly Facility, New Orleans.[5] It was powered by eight Rocketdyne H-1 rocket engines burning RP-1 fuel with liquid oxygen (LOX). Eight Redstone tanks (four holding fuel and four holding LOX) were clustered around a Jupiter rocket LOX tank. The four outboard engines were mounted on gimbals, allowing them to be steered to control the rocket. Eight fins surrounding the base thrust structure provided aerodynamic stability and control.

4dd200d9b248afa5f5aefb4871bfac2fe418feda.png

https://archive.fo/1VFR8/4dd200d9b248afa5f5aefb4871bfac2fe418feda.png ; https://archive.fo/1VFR8/f2eda974c86e157bb5611b4fb105b47a5b6d1226/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191020210429/https://i.imgur.com/KGZ8GE7.png
2. Saturn-IB's eight main engines.


And the real Unha-X design:

5ef245dc8eb820893b268a4ab1b5e966b69bb9d0.jpg

https://archive.fo/YtfGw/5ef245dc8eb820893b268a4ab1b5e966b69bb9d0.jpg ; https://archive.fo/YtfGw/70e7d0952be36848092c078fbe2e83c3f884476d/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191006203918/https://i.imgur.com/PpeqDJq.jpg
3. The Unha-X launcher with the dual/three seaters spacecraft.


Next space launch

In a modus operandi that now seems familiar to the GEOINT/OSINT analysts, the official North Korean KCNA and Uriminzokkiri websites have published on Wednesday 23rd October 2019, more than fourteen years later, nearly the same list of historical claimed milestones, and first posted on 30th May 2005.

And that previous occurrence was just one year before the 5th July 2006 maiden flight, at 05:01 AM Pyongyang Time, of the new Unha-1 satellite carrier, known as Simorgh in Persian or Safir-2.

Therefore it is highly expected that in the coming future, NADA will test its newest satellite carrier, known as the Unha-9. The second stage having already been tested under the guise of the Hwasong-15 ICBM in December 2017.

Launch date (Pyongyang) | Payload | Launch vehicle
31 AUG 1998 | Kwangmyongsong-1 | Paektusan-1
05 JUL 2006 | Kwangmyongsong-2-1 | Unha-1
05 APR 2009 | Kwangmyongsong-2-2 | Unha-2
13 APR 2012 | Kwangmyongsong-3-1 | Unha-3
12 DEC 2012 | Kwangmyongsong-3-2 | Unha-3
07 FEB 2016 | Kwangmyongsong-4 | KWANGMYONGSONG (Unha-4)
XX XXX 20XX | Kwangmyongsong-5 | Unha-9

9d4776bce3315c761a29bdc897e945871e3af058.jpg

https://archive.fo/CdpFb/9d4776bce3315c761a29bdc897e945871e3af058.jpg ; https://archive.fo/CdpFb/78b07febfc759a855b1ccf2c55ece7aa9d22086d/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191023224733/https://i.imgur.com/JpOMGnZ.jpg
4. CGI illustration of an Unha-9 SLV at Sohae SLC LC-1.

5746e1eeabd68c89d76db3e1acc6dd6bb97af820.jpg

https://archive.fo/8MUj0/5746e1eeabd68c89d76db3e1acc6dd6bb97af820.jpg ; https://archive.fo/8MUj0/a7a893627ed956335390a65d15620af2fb05c961/scr.png ; https://defence.pk/pdf/attachments/...2/?temp_hash=d0be8791dce9b7edc2f96aa6827de31c
5. Artistic representation of the North Korean Unha launchers family, 2019.


The first KCNA version published on 30th May 2005:


World's First Rocket Made in Korea

Pyongyang, May 30 (KCNA) -- "Rocket" weapons were made and used by Korea already in the period of Koguryo (B.C. 277-A.D. 668). The first "rocket" was very simple but its principle is similar with that of modern one.

A jet-propelled weapon called Kwanghwi demonstrated its might in a battle near the castle in Mt. Pukhan in 661.

People of Koryo (918-1392) made a "rocket" called Hwajon.

Hwajon was 726 millimeters long and its arrowhead 90 millimeters long. The arrow was shot by lighting the cartridge.

According to a historical record, Koryo manufactured lots of Hwajon around 1127 and deployed them in vantage points for national defence.

On the basis of arrows with fire wicks made in the period of the three kingdoms, Koreans developed Singijon, the origin of multistage rocket, in the early 15th century.

There were three kinds of Singijon according to their sizes, types and powder-cartridges.

The small one was a two-stage rocket. The medium one with one more small cartridge than the small one was a three-stage rocket, while the large one with four cartridges and wings was a four-stage rocket.

Having a great firing power, they could strike far-off targets on land and big warships. The weapons were widely used during the Imjin Patriotic War (1592) against the Japanese invaders and other battles against invaders. They were also used as signal means.

They are precious historical relics showing the intelligence and patriotism of the Korean nation.

http://web.archive.org/web/20141012071251/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2005/200505/news05/31.htm

The KCNA repost of 23rd October 2019:


Singijon, Origin of Multi-stage Rocket

Pyongyang, October 23 (KCNA) -- The Korean people made a jet-propelled weapon for the first time in the world.

Kwanghwi, which had the same operating principle with rocket, came into being in the period of Koguryo (B.C. 277-A.D. 668), and Singijon, the origin of multi-stage rocket, appeared in the early 15th century.

Singijon was classified into small, medium and large one according to its size, type and structure of reaction powder-flask.

The small-sized Singijon was a kind of two-stage rocket as it could fly far to a distance by the force of gas emitted from two powder-flasks installed in the tail of an arrow.

The other two weapons equipped with more powder-flasks could fly like three-stage and four-stage rockets.

In the mid-15th century, dimensions of Singijon were standardized on a nationwide scale.

This weaponry was used in the battles of Kyongju and Haengjusan castles during the Imjin Patriotic War (1592-1598). -0-

41357dd1b54b90e76e8efd12fa1c26bc9b98b185.gif

https://archive.fo/m2OnI/41357dd1b54b90e76e8efd12fa1c26bc9b98b185.gif ; https://archive.fo/m2OnI/700073e33768f86bd1494ab43c51c66ae77d9e8c/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191023...ew024/national proud/content/img/singizon.gif ; http://pyongyang.news-site.net/new02/new024/national proud/content/singijon.html
6. Singijon, Origin of Multi-stage Rocket

http://web.archive.org/web/20191023...zokkiri.com/index.php?ptype=igisa1&no=1181495
http://archive.fo/7Gcmq

A recap of the most important claimed milestones:

• "Rocket" weapons were used by Korea already in the period of Koguryo (B.C. 277-A.D. 668).
• Jet-propelled weapon called Kwanghwi used in the battle near the castle in Mt. Pukhan in 661.
• People of Koryo (918-1392) made a "rocket" called Hwajon.
• Koreans developed Singijon, the origin of multistage rocket, in the early 15th century.
• Koreans developed winged rockets, as the largest type of multistage rocket and made of four-stages.
• Koreans also developed Anti-Ship versions during the Imjin Patriotic War (1592).
• All these, centuries before the Europeans.


:lol::omghaha::rofl::lol::omghaha::rofl::lol::omghaha::rofl::lol::omghaha::rofl:

4.gif


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:cool::smokin:8-)
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North Korea's upcoming end to its self-declared moratorium on space launch.


Confirmed, the inter-Korean détente of 2018-2019 has officially ended. With the impeachment of Trump, a convenient asset, no economical sanctions relief can be expected as no disarmament treaty can longer be signed.


KCNA Commentary on Military Provocation of South Korea

Pyongyang, October 26 (KCNA) -- The military of south Korea has gone beyond the red line in its reckless act of belligerency.

The commander of the missile command of the south Korean army announced at the "National Assembly" that it would conduct a ballistic missile firing drill again this year and regularly stage Hyonmu-series ballistic missile firing drill every year.

This is just an open declaration of war to open fire at the compatriots in the north and an intentional provocation to throw the Korean peninsula into lingering tensions.

As known, Hyonmu-series ballistic missile was developed to target the DPRK and its capacity for preemptive attack has been drastically increased for decades since its introduction.

The military of south Korea has constantly threatened the DPRK, screwing up tensions by ceaselessly conducting ballistic missile launching drills behind the curtains of dialogue and peace.

Billing it as a "missile with a longer range and stronger power than the north's", the military of south Korea has conducted its firing drill more than ten times this year.

Not content with this, it has gone the lengths of openly calling for staging such drill on a regular and annual basis.

Such military provocation will doubtless escalate tensions in the Korean peninsula.

The situation clearly proves who wrecks peace and stability on the Korean peninsula and adds fuel to its tensions.

The hard-won phase of peace on the Korean peninsula is facing difficulties and the north-south relations plunged into deadlock. This is because the south Korean authorities are still seeking their way out in escalating the danger of war, failing to drop their confrontational posture.

It is just the south Korean warlike forces who talked about "reconciliation" in public and staged a north-targeted war games with foreign forces afterwards, touting "unchanged pressure offensive against the north," and lavished a fabulous amount of money on introduction of modern military hardware despite the public opposition inside and outside.

The south Korean regime has gone so shameless as to term the entirely just measure of the DPRK for self-defense "provocation" though it has been crazy about war drumbeats for confrontation with the latter.

Anachronistic confrontational military racket will add fuel to escalating tensions and the south Korean bellicose forces will never be able to endure its consequences.

The military of south Korea should drop its foolish dream for bringing the north-south relations back to the past when the relations were distressed with extreme confrontation and danger of war. -0-

What comes next is a return to the previous north-south confrontation era. With possibly a major space launch within weeks.


Indeed, the first Hwasong-15 ICBM test of 29th November 2017 was preceded by an article titled "Singijon, Origin of Multi-stage Rocket" posted on 2nd September 2017.


This year, a similar text sharing the same title but with a modified content has been posted on 23rd October 2019 by KCNA. If this constitutes an advanced launch notice, then a space launch should be expected before three months, that is by the beginning of February 2020.

"Singijon, Origin of Multi-stage Rocket" posted on 2nd September 2017 by DPRKToday.com:

주체106(2017)년 9월 2일
다계단로케트의 시원-신기전

위대한 령도자 김정일동지께서는 다음과 같이 교시하시였다.

《우리 선조들은 군사기술분야에서 세계에 자랑할만 한 일을 적지 않게 해놓았습니다.》

신기전은 15세기 전반기에 우리 선조들이 새로 창안하여 실전에 도입한 소이무기(불지르기수단)이다.

신기전은 신묘한 불화살이란 뜻이다.

이전 시기 불화살들의 발전성과에 기초하여 조선봉건왕조시기에 만든 신기전은 다른 사격무기에 의해 발사되는것이 아니라 2개이상의 반작용화약통을 리용하여 자체로 비행하면서 목표까지 날아갔다.

신기전은 전투장에서 목표를 불사르는 무기로 쓰이였을뿐아니라 하늘높이 날아오르면서 불신호, 연기신호, 소리신호수단으로도 리용되였다.

크기와 형태 및 반작용화약통의 구조에 따라 소신기전, 중신기전, 대신기전으로 나눈다.

신기전은 2개이상의 반작용화약통을 가지고있는것으로 하여 이전 시기의 불화살들보다 사거리와 방화력, 살상력이 높았다.

조선봉건왕조실록에는 도절제사 리징옥이 녀진의 침입에 대처하여 급보를 올리면서 신기전은 적을 막는데서 가장 긴요한 무기이므로 이 화살을 만드는데 필요한 종이를 꼭 보내줄것을 요청한 사실이 기록되여있는데 이것은 신기전이 매우 위력한 무기라는것을 잘 말해주고있다.

세계적으로 신기전과 같은 불화살에 대한 력사기록은 17세기에야 보이고있으며 따라서 우리 선조들이 만든 신기전은 다계단로케트의 시원으로 알려지고있다.

신기전은 신기전기라고 하는 발사대를 리용하여 발사하였다.

신기전기에는 100발의 중신기전을 재웠다가 불심지로 련결하여 련발로 혹은 단번에 발사하였는데 그 위력이 대단히 컸다.

신기전기를 보통 화차(신기전기나 총통기를 싣고다니는 전투용수레)에 싣고 움직였는데 화차는 기동성있게 발사진지를 옮기기도 하고 방위각과 발사각을 신속히 조절하여 신기전의 집중적인 일제사격, 련발사격을 보장하였다.

신기전의 위력은 15세기 중엽 녀진의 침입을 물리치는 전투들과 임진조국전쟁시기 왜적이 강점한 경주성을 되찾는 전투, 행주산성을 방어하는 전투를 비롯한 여러 전투들에서 남김없이 과시되였다.

특히 행주산성전투에서는 적과의 력량대비가 10분의 1밖에 안되였지만 성방위자들의 투쟁과 신기전을 비롯한 화약무기의 위력으로 큰 승리를 거두었다.

이처럼 신기전과 같은 위력한 무기들을 창안하여 외적의 침입으로부터 조국강토를 수호하기 위한 싸움에 리용한것은 우리 민족의 큰 자랑으로 된다.

본사기자


http://web.archive.org/web/20191026231617/https://www.dprktoday.com/index.php?type=2&no=23179
http://archive.is/mEdPu

Interesting hint at the the four engines Moksong-3 (Jupiter-3) ICBM for the next space launch, as posted following the Hwasong-15 ICBM test launch of 29th November 2017:

Hwasong-15 Powered By Dual Engines

2017-12-01

If North Korea produces a four-engines rocket like the Russian SS-19 Stiletto (RS-18) intercontinental ballistic missile, it will have the world's most powerful strategic ballistic missile. This monster-intercontinental ballistic missile can be equipped with more than 10 Multiple Independent Reentry Vehicle (MIRV) warheads with separate guidance and targeting systems.

aa71712dfd3e8bd134d7413b677b601a2fffc891.jpg

https://archive.md/8JmFV/aa71712dfd3e8bd134d7413b677b601a2fffc891.jpg ; https://archive.md/8JmFV/989920aa98ea4bf02b66e8ca3a84b462f9832113/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191026...data/jajuilbo_com/201604/2016041328284527.jpg ; http://m.jajusibo.com/a.html?uid=36919
1. Next North Korean space launch: the Moksong-3 four engines rocket, similar to the Russian SS-19 Stiletto (RS-18) intercontinental ballistic missile.

http://m.jajusibo.com/a.html?uid=36919

Note that some of the retired Russian SS-19 launchers have since been converted into satellite-launch vehicles. There are two SLV versions, the ‘Rokot’ and the ‘Strela.’8 The ‘Rokot’ adds a third liquid stage to the SS-19 frame in order to send payloads weighing up to 1,850 kg into low Earth.

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:cool::smokin:8-)
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2017091147064160.jpg

▲ Closeup of a schematics seen during the September 2, 2017 round of Kim Jong Un's on-the-spot field guidance, and titled Hwasong-14 nuclear warhead structure.
The Hwasong-14 nosecone fairing is 3.2 m in length and 1.3 m in diameter.
One single thermonuclear warhead is estimated to be 1.4 m in length, 65 cm in diameter and 700 kg in weight, without the trigger mechanism.
The total mass of the thermonuclear warhead is estimated to be 850 kg.


2017091144578508.jpg

▲ The Hwasong-14 single thermonuclear warhead as seen during the September 2, 2017 round of Kim Jong Un's on-the-spot field guidance.
The Hwasong-14 nosecone fairing is 3.2 m in length and 1.3 m in diameter.
One single thermonuclear warhead is estimated to be 1.4 m in length, 65 cm in diameter and 700 kg in weight, without the trigger mechanism.
The total mass of the thermonuclear warhead is estimated to be 850 kg.


2017091148418305.jpg

▲ The Hwasong-14 single thermonuclear warhead as seen during the September 2, 2017 round of Kim Jong Un's on-the-spot field guidance.
The Hwasong-14 nosecone fairing is 3.2 m in length and 1.3 m in diameter.
One single thermonuclear warhead is estimated to be 1.4 m in length, 65 cm in diameter and 700 kg in weight, without the trigger mechanism.
The total mass of the thermonuclear warhead is estimated to be 850 kg.



201709114750244.jpg

▲ CGI of the Hwasong-14 single thermonuclear warhead as seen during the September 2, 2017 round of Kim Jong Un's on-the-spot field guidance.
As you can see in the picture above, the thermonuclear warhead primary system is a spherical nuclear bomb that looks like a basketball.
The inner surface of the primary system, which connects the primary and secondary system, is made of a reflector that prevents radiation from being scattered in all directions, made of polystyrene, a kind of colorless transparent synthetic resin.
In the secondary system, the thermonuclear charge is filled with a dual structure, made of lithium deuteride on the inside, and highly enriched uranium, called sparkplug, on the outside, which triggers a fusion reaction. Depending on the amount of lithium deuteride, the explosive power of the fusion charge can be controlled.


2017091149459489.jpg

▲ A photo as seen on a big screen during a musical performance celebrating the success of the nuclear warhead explosion test conducted at the Pyongyang People's Theater on September 9, 2017.
Three scientists are seen assembling a nuclear warhead. It seems clear that the text printed on the nuclear warhead is "hydrogen".
As you can see in the picture above, the thermonuclear warhead primary system is a spherical nuclear bomb that looks like a basketball.
The inner surface of the primary system, which connects the primary and secondary system, is made of a reflector that prevents radiation from being scattered in all directions, made of polystyrene, a kind of colorless transparent synthetic resin.
In the secondary system, the thermonuclear charge is filled with a dual structure, made of lithium deuteride on the inside, and highly enriched uranium, called sparkplug, on the outside, which triggers a fusion reaction. Depending on the amount of lithium deuteride, the explosive power of the fusion charge can be controlled.


giphy.gif

https://media.giphy.com/media/yvXyKcOWq2vny/giphy.gif
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLAIG1-B0pM
T=9s to T=14s
▲ Published on Sep 11, 2017. North Korea shows scientists preparing H-Bomb test during concert

media-giphy-com-media-v9aqaqtnjxbwi-giphy-gif.425391

https://media.giphy.com/media/v9aqaqtNJxbwI/giphy.gif
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLAIG1-B0pM
T=24s to T=26s
▲ Published on Sep 11, 2017. North Korea shows H-Bomb test during concert

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLAIG1-B0pM
▲ Published on Sep 11, 2017. North Korea shows scientists preparing H-Bomb test during concert, and footage of the explosion!


2017091153258259.jpg

▲ A representation of the Mantapsan (만탑산, 萬塔山: Mt. Mantap) Underground Nuclear Test Station. The nuclear test site of the DPRK is located about 2 km below the ground, vertically below the Mantapsan's peak of 2,205 km above sea level, consisting of granite layers. This means that the explosion chamber was installed in a granite layer below 2 km. As you can see in the photo above, the underground tunnel near the explosion room was designed like a snail, and ten steel shutter doors were installed in the underground tunnel. The DPRK has built a near-perfect shielding facility.


2017091151592852.jpg

▲ Comparison of seismic signals (to scale) of all six declared DPRK nuclear tests, as observed at IMS station AS-59 Aktyubinsk, Kazakhstan.
The upper photo shows the artificial earthquake wave of the nuclear warhead explosion test of the DPRK shown in the earthquake measuring device of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Organization.
They announced that the earthquake size was 6.1. The lower photo shows the artificial earthquake wave of the thermonuclear warhead explosion test of the DPRK in the earthquake measuring device of the Geological Physics Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences. They announced that the earthquake size was 6.4.
According to the Kelly Kiloton Index (KKI), formulated in 2006 by H. A. Kelly of UCLA, which is an earthquake magnitude converted to explosive power, the earthquake magnitude of 6.0 means a 1 Mt explosive power. The power is 1.4 Mt. Therefore, when the artificial earthquake that occurred in the nuclear warhead explosion test of the DPRK is 6.0-6.1, the explosive power is 1-1.4Mt.


2017090536039854.jpg

▲ September 4, 2017 SBS 8:00 news reports that China and the United States measured a 6.3 seismic magnitude meaning the explosive yield can be estimated to have been roughly 250 kilotons.
The United States and Russia have nuclear ballistic missiles equipped with multi-warheads of about 200 kt.
In the case of the single-warhead Russian Topol-M the yield is 800 kt.
And the RS-24 YARS intercontinental ballistic missile thermonuclear multi-warheads are each of 150-500 kt.
The Trident of the United States is 100 kt and the B61-12 is 500 kt.


September 12, 2017

At the time of the sixth nuclear test, the preliminary seismic magnitude estimates varied from 5.8, as published by both the CTBTO and NORSAR, to 6.3 by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). More recently, both the CTBTO and NORSAR have officially revised their estimates upward to 6.1. This revision is significant because, rather than providing an equivalent yield of about 120 kilotons derived from the lower magnitude estimates, the application of standard formula with appropriate constants shows that the yield can now be estimated to have been roughly 250 kilotons (one quarter megaton). This large explosive yield is also quite close to what 38 North had previously determined to be the maximum estimated containable yield for the Punggye-ri test site.

http://www.38north.org/2017/09/punggye091217/

news_2017-09-11_18459_image1.jpg

▲ North Korean scientists have harnessed the cosmic power of thermonuclear fusion with The Dumbbell

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▲ Cosmic energy unleashed by The Dumbbell

news_2017-09-13_18510_image1.jpg

▲ Oli Heinonen, Secretary General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), has commented about the nuclear weapons of North Korea: "EMP is a very dangerous weapon that destroys all electronic equipment on the ground ". Because EMP blasts explode at very high altitudes, intercepting is difficult and affects a vast area, so even if you only hold for a few minutes, you will have tremendous destructive power.


North Korean H-Bomb Detonated On 3rd September 2017 Estimated At 245 To 271 Kilotons Of TNT


North Korean Nuke Test 'More Powerful Than Thought'

November 18, 2019 13:25

An Indian team of scientists has estimated the explosive yield of the nuclear weapon detonated by North Korea on Sept. 3, 2017 at 245 to 271 kilotons of TNT.

The estimate was made by a team led by K. M. Sreejith of the Indian Space Research Organisation based on satellite observations.

The new estimate is more than double the 120 kilotons that were estimated by an international research team of U.S. and German scientists and published in Science Magazine last year.

If correct, the yield was 17 times as high as the 15-kiloton Hiroshima bomb of 1945. The outcome of the latest research was published in Geophysical Journal International.

The research team analyzed radar images taken by ALOS-2, a Japanese satellite, of the area in and around Mt. Mantap in North Hamgyong Province where the North conducted its sixth nuclear test.

According to the team, the base of the mountain moved a few meters immediately after the nuclear explosion and the flank of the mountaintop also moved 0.5 m. The blast occurred 540 m beneath the mountaintop.

Normally, scientists estimate the scale of an explosion by measuring seismic waves that occur immediately after a nuclear blast. But in the North's case they had to make an indirect estimate because it was difficult to obtain seismic data from test site.

"Satellite based radars are very powerful tools to gauge changes in earth surface, and allow us to estimate the location and yield of underground nuclear tests," Sreejith said. "In conventional seismology by contrast, the estimations are indirect and depend on the availability of seismic monitoring stations."

http://web.archive.org/web/20191118...e/data/html_dir/2019/11/18/2019111801792.html
http://archive.vn/uwRbA


Constraints on the location, depth and yield of the 2017 September 3 North Korean nuclear test from InSAR measurements and modelling

K M Sreejith, Ritesh Agrawal, A S Rajawat

Geophysical Journal International, Volume 220, Issue 1, January 2020, Pages 345–351, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz451

SUMMARY

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) conducted its sixth and largest affirmed underground nuclear test on 2017 September 3. Analysis of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data revealed detailed surface displacements associated with the nuclear explosion. The nuclear explosion produced large-scale surface deformation causing decorrelation of the InSAR data directly above the test site, Mt. Mantap, while the flanks of the Mountain experienced displacements up to 0.5 m along the Line-of-Sight of the Satellite. We determined source parameters of the explosion using the Bayesian inversion of the InSAR data. The explosive yield was estimated as 245–271 kiloton (kt) of TNT, while the previous yield estimations range from 70–400 kt. We determined the nuclear source at a depth of 542 ± 30 m below Mt. Mantap (129.0769°E, 41.0324°N). We demonstrated that the Bayesian modelling of the InSAR data reduces the uncertainties in the source parameters of the nuclear test, particularly the yield and source depth that are otherwise poorly resolved in seismic methods.

http://web.archive.org/web/20191116094213/https://academic.oup.com/gji/article/220/1/345/5584343
http://archive.ph/Xgo9V


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:cool::smokin:8-)
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North Korean Space Station

lulldapull pid='3842' dateline='1572448461' said:
Galactic Penguin, is there a Plan for Iran to set up its own space station? Or is it too early to even think of this?

In one word, yes.

Below, a more elaborate full-length commentary:

As one might have figured out, developing its own indigenous manned space program can not be justified if it stops at just sending a few astronauts into LEO.

That would be a stunt for minor NGO players like the Viking's Copenhagen Suborbitals.

But as an official milestone that is intended to trumpet to the world one's entry into the most elite club of superpowers, any indigenous manned space program has to follow these following steps:

Phase I

1. An unmanned suborbital flight.
2. A single astronaut suborbital flight.

Phase II

3. An unmanned orbital flight with recoverable capsule.
4. A single astronaut orbital flight.
5. A single astronaut orbital flight with spacewalk.

Phase III

6. A multi astronauts orbital short-term flight.
7. A multi astronauts orbital short-term flight, with female astronaut.
8. A multi astronauts orbital short-term flight, with spacewalk.

Phase IV

9. A multi astronauts orbital flight with rendez-vous.
10. A multi astronauts orbital flight with rendez-vous and docking to target spacecraft.

Phase V

11. Rendez-vous and docking of several space modules to form a small space station.
12. A multi astronauts orbital long-term flight with docking to a space station.



Iran has disclosed the phases 1 to 3, during the years 2010s.

As for the following steps 4 and 5, it is still not official.



And here we can have a good indication, if we monitor the Indian ISRO procedure. If one can see the head then one can guess the existence of the tail.

India has disclosed only lately in 2019 its 20 tons Space Station, made of two modules.

India’s space station likely to have space for three

BENGALURU: The Indian Space Station, which the Indian Space Research Organisation plans to put in place in five to seven years, will have space for three astronauts, sources told TOI.
The space station will be an extension of the human spaceflight programme Gaganyaan. TOI has learned that the initial designs for the space station – still in a nascent stage – suggest a 20-tonne modular abode in the low earth orbit (LEO), at an altitude of 120km to 140km.
The International Space Station (ISS), jointly managed by the US, Russia, Europe, Japan and Canada, orbits at an average altitude of 400km. Announcing the project in June this year, Isro chairman K Sivan had said: “We don’t want to be part of ISS. Our station, which will be set up in five to seven years, won’t be very big.” :disagree:

6Boz6It.png

https://archive.fo/goM7Z/fe8ee905d3127047356e91d76c052a601f2370e2.png ; https://i.imgur.com/6Boz6It.png
1. The 20 tons Indian Space Station, made of two modules.

That is later than North Korea. But NADA's plans are inofficial, only hint disclosed in 2018.

f14da7d8064b1671c0c0ce5317f49d8ad97d068a.jpg

http://web.archive.org/web/20190807...lickr.com/2/1755/42507168321_2890520ea0_b.jpg ; https://archive.fo/tWv4n/f14da7d8064b1671c0c0ce5317f49d8ad97d068a.jpg ; https://www.flickr.com/photos/dprktoday/42507168321/ ; https://defence.pk/pdf/attachments/...4/?temp_hash=e4a69666c2d20d594c3587b699925220 ; 전국소년과학환상문예작품 및 모형전시회-2018》 개막_3 ; Uploaded on June 2, 2018
2. National Youth Science Fiction Literature and Model Exhibition 2018: published on 2 June 2018, a depiction of a North Korean orbital manned spacecraft, powered by two pair of solar panels, linked to a cylindrical module that shows 3 portholes.

Itself a reiteration of the old Salyut-type space laboratory represented in 1989.

befb910e5bf73cd55d704a5004ae2cadeae5f886.jpg

http://web.archive.org/web/20190807...f73cd55d704a5004ae2cadeae5f886.1565187217.jpg ; https://archive.fo/MkKk4/befb910e5bf73cd55d704a5004ae2cadeae5f886.jpg ; http://web.archive.org/web/20190807...20&fit=max&s=5fabfe40cb132853b16ac06a67966e0f ; https://archive.fo/9rxQ3/befb910e5bf73cd55d704a5004ae2cadeae5f886 ; https://charliecrane.com/portfolio/welcome-to-pyongyang ; https://defence.pk/pdf/attachments/...3/?temp_hash=c4697492aaa386b6172c2c1cf3a0ecfa
3. North Korean Space shuttle model in the Mangyongdae Schoolchildren’s Palace that was opened in 1989. Notice the space laboratory.

And as of Iranian hints, we had a first glimpse back in 2012, during the 63rd International Astronautical Congress (IAC) in Naples.

With the first ever image of an Iranian 2-modules three-seaters orbital manned spacecraft and initially due to be launched sometimes after 2019. Notice that the Iranian orbital spacecraft is fitted with a docking system.


34e705f562551806275eb24ae78b89b5ab7cca90.jpg

https://archive.fo/aYll2/34e705f562551806275eb24ae78b89b5ab7cca90.jpg ; https://archive.fo/aYll2/b7602f817588daab01b716afb27237b015f609bb/scr.png ; http://soheilesy.persiangig.com/image/SATL/Capsule.jpg ; https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/irans-manned-space-capsule.225022/#post-3707971
4. Iran's three seaters orbital manned spacecraft first disclosed in 2012.

Then a second type of orbital manned spacecraft was seen displayed in 2013 docking to a co-orbital target.

121650.jpg

http://gallery.military.ir/albums/userpics/10198/121650.jpg ; https://archive.ph/XHtU3/ed36305d4f2ce5e20884d0aa6e596213ce137914.jpg ; https://archive.ph/XHtU3/40e01a5f0779b116f5d0993ed5e4527e24189d58/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191031...s.com/files/fa/news/1391/11/17/138117_850.jpg ; https://www.bultannews.com/fa/news/...ی-جلوگیری-از-ترور-با-ماسک-جلو-دوربین-می-فرستد
5. Iran 2013 representation of a small manned orbital spacecraft docking to a co-orbital target.

At nearly the same time, even a third design was presented. This Iranian Soyuz-type shared the general layout. While the published specifications did not mention any Orbital Module that should comprises the docking system, computer CGI images clearly revealed the "headlight" Soyuz/Shenzhou-type shape of the Reentry module.

Researchers have success in the design of manned orbital spacecraft

2013/8/27

Design life of 14 days, orbital mission of up to 3 days with a crew of one to two astronauts.

Telecommunication antennas, solar arrays and radiators are installed outside the spacecraft.

Injection orbit of 250 × 200 km altitude, with operating altitude of 330 Km ± 5 km

Length of 5 m and diameter of 2.5 to 1.45 m, which is about four cubic meters volume
The mass of the propulsion module is 2.5 tons
The Reentry module has a mass of 2.5 tons.

Solar Electric system power: 1.00 average kW.
Batteries power: 0.2 kW

http://isna.ir/fa/news/92060502937/موفقیت-محققان-ایرانی-در-طراحی-فضاپیمای-سرنشین

4

http://media.isna.ir/content/sm-final2.jpg/4 ; http://isna.ir/fa/news/92060502937/موفقیت-محققان-ایرانی-در-طراحی-فضاپیمای-سرنشین
6. Iranian Soyuz-type manned orbital spacecraft CGI from 2013: propulsion module

4

http://media.isna.ir/content/25-375.jpg/4 ; http://isna.ir/fa/news/92060502937/موفقیت-محققان-ایرانی-در-طراحی-فضاپیمای-سرنشین
7. Iranian Soyuz-type manned orbital spacecraft CGI from 2013: propulsion module and reentry module

Here a CGI by unknown sources showing the same spacecraft from a different angle, and emphasizing on the reentry module.

635011844293450022.jpg

http://media.jamejamonline.ir/Media/Image/1392/01/21/635011844293450022.jpg ; http://jamejamonline.ir/online/1001418685139564907/دوستی-در‌-آرزوی-پرواز-به-فضا ; http://www.aerospacetalk.ir/vb/showthread.php?t=51579
8. Unofficial CGI of Iranian manned orbital spacecraft with reconstructed Shenzhou-type return module.

As a further proof of this joint Iranian-Korean project, the same spacecraft was displayed in North Korea on 9th March 2017 during the week of the 2017 Kimjongilia Festival.

The manned orbital 3-modules spacecraft, was seen with one pair of solar panels on the service module, similar to the Chinese Project 863 manned orbital spacecraft (Shenzhou).

8ac921eee8a57f2cdcb1af2df903bfde3a9b0a5d.jpg

https://archive.ph/FiQ6r/8ac921eee8a57f2cdcb1af2df903bfde3a9b0a5d.jpg ; https://archive.ph/FiQ6r/0457016407ccafd92058bc13169f28bf7eb7f458/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191119234849/https://i.imgur.com/l19ui1l.jpg ; http://ipic.su/7ytepD.jpg ; https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2005/32772293282_6fb50aac03_b.jpg ; flickr.com/photos/arirangmeari/32772293282/ ; http://dprktoday.com/index.php?type=26&no=9047 ; youtube.com/watch?v=I-40y8aIPTU
9. Depiction of a North Korean 3-modules manned orbital spacecraft at the 2017 Kimjongilia Festival

At the same time, in February 2017, Iran even presented a very stylized drawing of the said 3-modules spacecraft. And associated with a spacewalker!

3a3440066377c788556f0d4f7e2fecc083b38f74.jpg

https://archive.ph/tX3Mr/3a3440066377c788556f0d4f7e2fecc083b38f74.jpg ; https://archive.ph/tX3Mr/d3fecaf3e4231fa2bad072cac3aaa322a666f071/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191119235213/https://i.imgur.com/cQPPjgT.jpg ; http://ipic.su/7yt6Bu.jpg ; http://aero2017.kntu.ac.ir/files_site/pooster_file/r_2_161029065515.jpg ; http://aero2017.kntu.ac.ir/en/poster.php
10. Illustration of an Iranian astronaut performing EVA and a 3-modules manned orbital spacecraft, in a February 2017 K.N. Toosi University of Technology poster.

Spacewalks already popularised the previous year during the Seventh exhibition of air and space industry, held around 30 October 2016.

24d76dc6b5e6f453dcf324a27a065c94238c34cf.jpg

https://archive.is/p7Ug7/24d76dc6b5e6f453dcf324a27a065c94238c34cf.jpg ; https://archive.is/p7Ug7/f0c8a587fbae4c5ea983ce83e319167419178059/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191119233841/https://i.imgur.com/EXIHAW9.jpg ; https://snn.ir/Original/1395/08/06/IMG15232313.jpg ; http://snn.ir/detail/News/555501/75
11. Iranian visitors taking selfies as moked astronaut performing EVA, Seventh exhibition of air and space industry, 30 October 2016.

Finally, seven years after its first appearance, the first 2-modules three-seaters orbital manned spacecraft fitted with a docking system, was again seen on the occasion of the 2019 world’s Space Week, during a news conference of Iran’s Space Research Center and Iran’s Space Agency, shortly referred to as ISA.

According to practice, this only hints at some great progress made in the development of the E1 single seater suborbital manned spacecraft.

f25c9aae8eb0e242ef1f6a8096f45babf4c12c98.png

https://archive.is/Hs5Yg/f25c9aae8eb0e242ef1f6a8096f45babf4c12c98.png ; https://archive.is/Hs5Yg/ace0d5096b3c53ca8ffbb2443c90f148019ceb03/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191008...rates-latest-achievements-Iran-space-industry ; http://archive.fo/2C3gu
12. Iran's three seaters orbital manned spacecraft as represented in a 2019 world’s Space Week poster.



Could Iran skip the development of its own space laboratory/space station? Even though a courtesy visit to the Chinese Space Station could be envisaged sometimes during the 5 steps of the Iranian long term space development plan, a continuous human presence in space can only be achieved by building its own Iranian space station.

The following text from a non-Iranian source, explains once again why Iran can neither count on Russia nor the U.S. in this endeavour, but only trust North Korea and China.

Iran Looks To Get In On Middle East Human Spaceflight Boom With Russia

John Sheldon October 23, 2019

The head of the Iran Space Agency (ISA), Morteza Barari, has said that Iran is looking to open discussions with Russia about the possibility of sending an Iranian astronaut to the International Space Station (ISS), according to Iranian press reports.

Barari’s announcement echoes a similar statement made in early October 2019 by Iran’s Minister of Information and Communications Technology, Mohammad-Javad Azari Jahromi, who has also openly called for talks with Russia about training and sending an Iranian to the ISS.

“In order to send an astronaut explorer [to the ISS], we should launch negotiations with Russia. There are many explorers from different countries at the ISS. We are also primed at studying the possibility to send an astronaut to the space station in cooperation with other nations, for example Russia,” Barari said in an interview with Iran’s Mehr News Agency.

The announcement by Iranian officials follows a flurry of human spaceflight activity and talks with Russia in the Middle East. In late September 2019 the United Arab Emirates sent its first astronaut, Hazza Al Mansoori, to the ISS with Russian assistance. Russia is also known to have offered similar astronaut training and launch services to Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey.

On his state visits to Saudi Arabia and the UAE in mid-October 2019, Russian President Vladimir Putin reiterated Russia’s pledge to assist those countries in their space ambitions.

Often left unmentioned in much of the regional coverage of Russia’s offers to send Arab astronauts to the ISS is the fact that Moscow expects countries to pay for their astronaut’s training, launch, and other expenses. The cost of sending an individual for rigorous astronaut training, launch, stay on the ISS, and return to Earth can run into tens of millions of dollars.

For countries like Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE this kind of expenditure can be afforded and justified to their respective publics.

Egypt has also publicly expressed an interest to send one of its citizens to the ISS with Russian help, but questions as to whether Cairo can afford this kind of mission or whether Russia is willing to do so for free remains unknown.

For Iranian ambitions to send an astronaut to the ISS, the issue is not just one of affordability given the parlous state of Iran’s economy due to chronic mismanagement and the international sanctions regime. Rather, the very sanctions themselves would likely prevent Russia from allowing Iran to send one of its citizens to the ISS. Even though an Iranian astronaut would stay on board the Russian ISS module (effectively Russian sovereign territory), they would have to interact with other fellow astronauts from countries that are sanctioning Iran and, in the course of their ISS duties, go to the ISS modules owned and operated by the United States, European Space Agency, and Japan.

Even if Russia wanted to send an Iranian astronaut to the ISS, it is more than likely that other ISS international partners would strongly oppose such a mission.

http://web.archive.org/web/20191030...ddle-east-human-spaceflight-boom-with-russia/
http://archive.ph/VTs2M

The Indian two-modules 20 tons space station might not be the closest analogy though. As Iran would have in the future a much more powerful launcher than India's GSLV, with the Safir-4 able to place 20 tons into LEO!


Iran's Communication Satellite Developing Plan 2026 of the Iranian Space Research Center (I.S.R.C.) has revealed its future space launcher's payload capabilities:

• Nahid-1, 50 Kg, LEO, Safir-1 SLV
• Nahid-2, < 100 Kg, LEO, Safir-2 SLV
• IRANSAT-1, 1 ton, GEO, Safir-3A SLV
• IRANSAT-2, 3 tons, GEO, Safir-3C SLV

DVw4DqgXUAEOXQg.jpg

http://web.archive.org/web/20190801104910if_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DVw4DqgXUAEOXQg.jpg ; https://archive.fo/TVRNZ/e148f10050430ae9d3e72e3606acc85cb88610a6.jpg ; https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DVw4DqgXUAEOXQg.jpg:large
13. Iran's roadmap for communication satellites. From official presentation of the Iranian Space Research Center.

The existence of an even more powerful heavy space launcher, able to place 20 tons into LEO, has also been revealed, the Safir-4.

5746e1eeabd68c89d76db3e1acc6dd6bb97af820.jpg

http://web.archive.org/web/20190324234320if_/https://i.imgur.com/YJeN7HI.jpg ; https://archive.fo/8MUj0/5746e1eeabd68c89d76db3e1acc6dd6bb97af820.jpg ; https://defence.pk/pdf/attachments/...7/?temp_hash=70fc9b1656a500388ff26bb0f6ad1834
14. Artistic representation of the North Korean Unha launchers family, 2019. Outdated as of Mid-February 2019.


_______________________________________

lulldapull" pid='3845' dateline='1572493567' said:
Thanks for this detailed response. However, if Iran doesn't do all these phases itself, no point progressing at all. I do however agree that the DPRK and Iran should collaborate, just to shorten the time required for the final desired objectives. Iran must conquer space. It has tremendous prestige value! And that cannot be understated.

Iran has probably already completed most of the research works. And of course with all the spendings. And this is the greatest trick!
North_Korea.gif
Iran.gif


52d9f526029d816d8891c10a270b000c5dc572be.jpg

https://archive.is/CTcuX/52d9f526029d816d8891c10a270b000c5dc572be.jpg ; https://archive.is/CTcuX/28ed9cf7bf495d8e2bc275bfcdc5222ed4828385/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191031205244/https://i.imgur.com/Y0IPUJD.jpg ; https://vignette.wikia.nocookie.net...st/scale-to-width-down/1000?cb=20181118141620 ; https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Cyrus_(Civ6)?file=Cyrus_Loading_Screen_(Civ6_R&F).png ; https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Cyrus_(Civ6)
15. Cyrus II and his modern day Avatar.

"Agar fray šāyad, khāhim tipadasti man abās bāved."
If there's deception afoot, I prefer it when I am the one providing the intrigue.

And indeed back in 2015 it was already 40% done! By 2019, the first dummy astronaut and the E1 suborbital capsule is only awaiting a political greenlight to be launched. Both the JCPOA TV series and Kim-Trump summits soap opera have been the cause of all these delays. But the hardware is ready, and the training. Though a state secret!


Russia to train Iranian cosmonauts

May 07, 2014

Russia and Iran have reportedly signed a secret deal on wide cooperation in space exploration, ranging from training Iranian cosmonauts in Russia to possible production of Earth observation and telecommunication satellites for Iran.

A protocol on cooperation was signed on April 10 in Tehran

https://rt.com/news/157496-russia-iran-space-satellite/

Iran announces sending a man into space next year

94/07/22 -- 14 October 2015

this project has made a 40% progress, and will be able to send a man into space by next year.

http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13940722001114


aryobarzan pid='3853' dateline='1572523809' said:
Here is my thoughts on Iran Space activities...

1- make space agency independant and reporting to Supreme leader office (this will cut off the hands of incompetent presidents such as Rohani from this important long term activity).
2- Open up the Private funding channels for the agency so that individual Iranians can contribute to this national project.(remember Iranians are wealthy people who do not pay much taxes to their government so this will enable extra funding needed for the kind of project that some short sighted Iranians may consider not necessary ).
3- I vote to make Ahamdi Nejad as the first head of this "new" space org...why...because the man demonstrated his resolve in the space and because he deserves all the credits for any progress Iran made in space during his 8 year tems.


Things are going smoothly, as the only threat is terrorism (targeting scientists in mainland Iran, sabotage of facilities). By declaring the space program dead was the smartest way. Iranian scientists can now work safely i.e. in the North. Of course no U.S. sanctions can target a dead program. Meanwhile in the last couple of years, the launch rate of North Korea has suddenly and inexplicably skyrocketed to the level of the cold war's superpowers.:rofl::omghaha:


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:cool::smokin:8-)
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The Qaem SLV project is not simply a fantasy for an ICBM cover-up.

Proof, the recently disclosed image of the third stage of the solid propellant Qaem SLV, with a 1.7 meter diameter and a 4.5 meters length.

Disclosed on 14th November 2019, on the occasion of the eight remembrance ceremony of the Martyrdom anniversary of Martyr IRGC Aerospace Division chief General Haj Haasan Tehrani Moghadam at the Bidganeh base.

This, was timely done, after its first successful flight test in North Korea as the first stage of its new two-stage solid-fuel Pukguksong-3 submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) on 2nd October 2019.

Indeed, the Pukguksong-3's first stage might share the same 1.7 meter diameter and 4.5 meters length!

Although some Korean sources even claim a 2 meters diameter, but this would need to be further cross-checked.

0a6290ea2ea76526e263dfee099acc833a67eb88.jpg

https://archive.is/4SUd0/0a6290ea2ea76526e263dfee099acc833a67eb88.jpg ; https://archive.is/4SUd0/587bae68ba96009484ba8b9d1fa9700919d877cf/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191121...data/jajuilbo_com/201910/2019100700512551.jpg ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191121...ub_read.html?uid=47420&section=sc38&section2= ; http://archive.ph/G2aLG
1. First ever picture released of the Pukguksong-3 SLBM seen during a concert celebrating the successful test launch of the Hwasong-14 ICBM, that was held on July 9, 2017. Picture taken on 21st December 2015.


2019.10.03-1+.jpg

http://web.archive.org/web/20191003...ontents_ko/2019/10/03/photo/2019.10.03-1+.jpg ; rodong.rep.kp/ko/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2019-10-03-0001
2. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea succeeded in test-firing the new-type SLBM Pukguksong-3 in the waters off Wonsan Bay of the East Sea of Korea.

EF56gp3WwAIuH6h.jpg

http://web.archive.org/web/20191003000820/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EF56gp3WwAIuH6h.jpg ; rodong.rep.kp/ko/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2019-10-03-0001
3. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea succeeded in test-firing the new-type SLBM Pukguksong-3 in the waters off Wonsan Bay of the East Sea of Korea.


EF5zUHFXoAIl-UO.jpg

http://web.archive.org/web/20191003001027/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EF5zUHFXoAIl-UO.jpg ; rodong.rep.kp/ko/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2019-10-03-0001
4. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea succeeded in test-firing the new-type SLBM Pukguksong-3 in the waters off Wonsan Bay of the East Sea of Korea.

Moreover, this joint Irano-DPRK project is pivotal in the 5-steps long-term plan for space exploration, as it it the prerequisite for the most powerful heavy space launcher, able to place 20 tons into LEO, the Safir-4 (Unha-20) SLV.

The core stage of this launcher would be powered by two "Paektusan-2" main rocket engines developing possibly 150 to 200 ton-force of thrusts each, and only the addition of two solid propellant strap-on boosters, possibly developing 1'000 ton-force each and derived from the Qaem solid propellant booster's first stage, could achieve the lift-off thrust of more than 2'000 ton-force needed to place a 20 tons payload into LEO.

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http://web.archive.org/web/20190324234320if_/https://i.imgur.com/YJeN7HI.jpg ; https://archive.fo/8MUj0/5746e1eeabd68c89d76db3e1acc6dd6bb97af820.jpg ; https://defence.pk/pdf/attachments/...7/?temp_hash=70fc9b1656a500388ff26bb0f6ad1834
5. Artistic representation of the North Korean Unha launchers family, 2019. Outdated as of Mid-February 2019.

Needless to remind that this Safir-4 heavy space launcher is at the core for building Iran's and North Korea's future Space Station of over 60 tons.

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https://archive.is/0Dqg5/4bc409c1dcce5dfea23b83aceed2ebe502ea80e8.jpg ; https://archive.is/0Dqg5/08392e4f328cf4003d6401e8e8a998fcc281b6c7/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191122...m/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/m2-1024x1024.jpg ; http://www.islamscifi.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/m2-1024x1024.jpg ; http://www.islamscifi.com/ali-pourahmads-short-sci-fi-movies/
6. Sci Fi development in Iran: not ready yet but as a rule of thumb, a good indicator for its future space achievement, doable within the next decade.



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North Korea Marks 2nd Anniversary Of Hwasong-15 ICBM Launch With Test Of Super Large Caliber 600 mm MLRS

SEOUL, Nov. 28 (Yonhap) -- North Korea fired two rockets into the East Sea on Thursday, in the latest in a series of military moves.

The rockets were fired from areas of Yeonpo in the country's eastern South Hamgyong Proince into the waters off the east coast at around 4:59 p.m., the JCS said in a release.

Both flew around 380 km, reaching a maximum altitude of around 97 km, and were fired within a 30-second interval, the JCS added.

If confirmed, Thursday's launches would be the fourth test so far of North Korea's super-large rocket launcher system, which is presumed to be a 600-millimeter diameter one. North Korea previously tested the weapon on Aug. 24, Sept. 10, and Oct. 31.

"The repeated tests are aimed at further improving the weapon before deploying it for operation," Chang Young-keun, a missile expert at Korea Aerospace University, said. "North Korea appears to be advancing its system for successive firings, among other capabilities."

The latest test is the 13th time this year that North Korea has carried out a major weapons test. The tests began in May after an 18-month hiatus. In previous tests, it launched new types of short-range missiles, including its version of Russia's Iskander, as well as an upgraded version of a submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM), Pukguksong-3.

In an apparent sign of ramped-up surveillance of North Korea, the United States flew three spy aircraft -- EP-3E, RC-135V and E-8C jets -- over the Korean Peninsula in succession for two days from Wednesday.

https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20191128008553325?section=national/defense


• North Korea has reduced the interval between MLRS rocket fires steadily since the first test in August, from ~20 minutes in the first two tests, to 3 minutes on October 31 and now to 30 seconds. The faster it fires, the quicker it can get out of dodge before counter-fire arrives.

• Launched from Yŏnp’o-ri (련포리 ) at 39.792778, 127.518056, near both an airfield (at least two past tests were at airfields) and North Korea's solid motor test site.

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http://web.archive.org/web/20191128205118/https://i.imgur.com/Q0AL2v1.jpg ; https://i.imgur.com/Q0AL2v1.jpg
1. Launched from Yŏnp’o-ri (련포리 ) at 39.792778, 127.518056

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http://web.archive.org/web/20191128205520/https://i.imgur.com/KOeGgyj.jpg ; https://i.imgur.com/KOeGgyj.jpg
2. Proximity of reported launch location to 2 key sites associated with NorthKorea solid-propellant development & production unlikely coincidental.
➡ Magunpo Rocket Engine Test Facility
➡ ️No. 17 Explosives Factory



VENUS, JUPITER, AND A NORTH KOREAN ROCKET

North Korea kicked off the American Thanksgiving holiday with an unexpected rocket launch. Two short-range rockets were launched from Ryonpo around 5 p.m. local time, according to South Korea’s Joint Chiefs of Staff. Shortly thereafter, Filipp Romanov of Yuzhno-Morskoy, Russia, went outside to see the sunset and noticed rocket exhaust meandering among the planets.

"I took this picture from the coast of the Sea of Japan (in my small homeland, in Yuzhno-Morskoy, near Nakhodka, Russia)," says the 22-year old amateur astronomer. "At the time I did not know anything about the launch of the rocket, but noticed the trail in my photographs. As the sky darkened the exhaust became more visible."

Analysts familiar with stalled denuclearization talks between the USA and North Korea believe this could be the start of a busy campaign of launches to end 2019. Stay tuned for more exhaust?

Filipp-Romanov-IMG_8294-_1574942201.jpg

http://web.archive.org/web/20191128...ics/f/Filipp-Romanov-IMG_8294-_1574942201.jpg ; https://i.imgur.com/rfqSwcr.jpg ; https://spaceweathergallery.com/full_image.php?image_name=Filipp-Romanov-IMG_8294-_1574942201.jpg ; https://spaceweathergallery.com/full_image.php?image_name=Filipp-Romanov-IMG_8294_1574942201.jpg ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191128...gallery.com/indiv_upload.php?upload_id=157858
3. North Korean rocket trail near conjunction of the Moon, Jupiter and Venus. Taken by Filipp Romanov on November 28, 2019 @ Yuzhno-Morskoy, Nakhodka, Russia

Details:

Rocket trail (most likely North Korean rocket) near conjunction of the Moon, Jupiter and Venus.

When I photographed the conjunction of the Moon, Jupiter and Venus on the coast of the Sea of Japan (in my small homeland, in Yuzhno-Morskoy, near Nakhodka, Russia), at 08:17 UT I saw this trail in my photographs (Canon EOS 60D, 18-135 mm, on the tripod).

When the sky darkened more in the evening twilight, the trail became visible better, but by 08:45 UT it almost completely dispersed. I did not know anything about the launch of this rocket, and I took photos of the rocket trail by accident when I photographed this conjunction of two planets and Moon. I took a photo of myself, with the conjunction of the Moon and two planets and with the trail of this rocket. Two photos (which have a lot of text) I did not process , and on the other two photos I increased the contrast.

Best regards, Filipp Romanov (22 years old, amateur astronomer since 2009, discoverer of variable stars and planetary nebulae candidates, possible double stars and transients, author of two scientific papers published in scientific journals https://filipp-romanov.livejournal.com/27664.html ).

http://web.archive.org/web/20191128...gallery.com/indiv_upload.php?upload_id=157858


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China 'Ready to Accept North Korea as Nuclear Power'

November 28, 2019 13:25

China appears ready to accept North Korea as a nuclear power, according to a report by the Brookings Institution. The conservative think tank recommended that the U.S. should no longer rely on China to uphold sanctions against North Korea since Beijing has begun to deviate from the goal of North Korean denuclearization.

In its November report titled "Lips and teeth: Repairing China-North Korea relations," the think tank said, "China's revitalized relationship with North Korea means the United States can no longer rely on Beijing to support increased sanctions and pressure on Pyongyang."

It added, "With Beijing's reset of ties with Pyongyang, China's posture on North Korea is shifting, including signs that it is prepared to live with a nuclear North Korea."

http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2019/11/28/2019112801766.html



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