28 Nov 2008
Telegraph UK
India has faced international accusations of bungling its response to the terror attack.
One senior British official said he was "surprised" by the Indian failure to regain control of the commercial capital almost two days after the attacks began. And a senior source within the Indian Special Forces was also critical of the uncoordinated and bureaucratic response which led to the operation lasting so long.
Israeli officials said India's refusal of its offer to send commandos had put the lives of a rabbi and his family in danger.
They were held at Nariman House, the single story office block assaulted by helicopter-borne Indian commandos just after dawn.
But nine hours later there was still incoming and outgoing fire and grenade explosions in the Jewish Centre and five bodies have since been recovered, thought to include the rabbi and his wife.
While the security forces rescued six hostages in the nearby Taj Mahal Palace hotel the siege of that building has dragged on despite a series of officials claims that the Islamic fundamentalist terrorists had been wiped-out.
A second British official said that, although the India's Black Cat commandos have a fearsome reputation for efficient antiterrorist operations, their deployment was botched.
"They are supposed to set-up a command centre in complete control as their first priority," the official said. "Instead they arrived and went in guns blazing.
"It was blind. They didn't have maps of the hotels, yet there terrorists had done enough reconnaissance to use the service facilities to manoeuvre."
There was also criticism of a midnight announcement on the first day of the crisis by a cabinet minister that 200 commandos were deployed in the area within two hours.
The British official said: "The terrorist were forewarned by the government itself."
Even in the midst of the fighting, the security operation is riddled with holes. The Telegraph was able to gain access to the shattered lobby of the Oberoi hotel in the final throes of the fighting.
At least a dozen checkpoints made no security checks and the only official who did ask a question redirected the reporter to another part of the complex.
A masked marine commando said their efforts had been severely hampered by the numbers of people still inside the hotels when they moved in to flush out the militants.
He said his men had to feel their way through the hotel corridors and rooms in complete darkness and couldn't differentiate between dead bodies, the injured and people simply pressing themselves to the floor in terror.
The Special Forces are issued with specialised optical and acoustic sensors with the capability to identity and pinpoint objects and people in confined places.
However, sources within the Special Forces indicated that these were either not used or deployed ineffectively.
Operations also became confused and delayed because of the involvement of many different units including Marine Commandos, Navy's Special Forces, army quick reaction teams, the paramilitary Rapid Reaction Force and assorted provincial police commando teams.
A senior Special Forces source said: "There were far too many command centres with each one trying to best the other which led to confusion and delayed operations.
"There appears to have been a lack of detailed, precise planning and even the operations involving over 300 commandos took nearly 48 hours to achieve " In response to criticism that it had taken the commandos a precious 8 to 10 hours to deploy National security Guard chief J K Dutt said: "It will be wrong to say that we moved into the operational areas in Mumbai late."
He said they had to make sure that each room in both besieged hotels was cleared before they secured the next tier. He added: "This proved time consuming."
Security sources claimed that the 10-12 member strike team, including a Somali national, underwent firearms and explosive training in Muzaffarabad, capital of Pakistan-administered Kashmir.
All were then discouraged from interacting with one another beyond what was necessary.
They travelled to the garrison town of Rawalpindi and then onwards by train to the eastern port city of Karachi where they boarded a chartered merchant ship bound for Bombay.
En route they hijacked another vessel, killed its owner and made their way to within four nautical miles of Bombay.
They then transferred onto three dinghies and made their way to separate locations on the city's coast, including the ancient Sassoon docks used by fishermen.