Bahram Esfandiari
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There no such protocol as there is a air space corridor agreement. Russians have been flying both military aircraft like TU-22M, SU-35 and transports across Iran quite regularly as well as their Kalibr missiles have overflown Iranian airspace to strike terrorist targets in Syria.
Iran has allowed Russian planes to use its airspace during recent operations in Syria, since 2016.
Russian aircraft for the first time used an Iranian air base in 2016 to conduct strikes in Syria. The Russian military said its fighters had completed their tasks, but left open the possibility of using the Hamadan base again if circumstances warranted.
Ali Shamkhani, secretary of Iran’s National Security Council, had back then told the semi-official news agency Fars: “Their (Russians’) use of Iran’s air space has continued because we have a fully strategic cooperation with Russia.”
“In the recent cases, Russian fighter planes have only used Iran’s airspace and have not had refueling operations,” Shamkhani added.
IRIAF f-4Es and F-14As were photographed and filmed escorting these Russian flights over Iranian airspace. They were never allowed to fly over Iranian airspace without escorts.