During 1886-1947, in Punjab, Pakistan significant internal migrations took place due to creation of 9 canal colonies by British. Uncultivable lands in Lyallpur, Sorgodha, Shahpur, Sahiwal, Multan, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura, Gujarat & Sialkot Dists were turned into cultivable land.
The canal colonies were created to meet the imperial British needs of wheat and cotton and other agri-produce etc for use in Britain, to raise mares, mules and studs and camels for the police and army, and to decongest the crowded parts of the province.
British created network of barrages & canals to irrigate land for cheap agri-produce for UK. For its transportation, railway line was also laid between Lahore & Karachi. Eastern banks of all major canals were laid higher for better defensive positions against Russian invasion.
Canal systems depended on an upstream single controlling unit to decide water allocation, release & timing. The local community’s control was ‘ceded’, structurally, to a non-local distant power. The tap could be turned on & off by the British.
The canals cemented the British control of a region, provided immense profits and secured for the British, an enforced and coercively obligated loyalty of their colonised subjects.
Horse was not a local animal in Ancient Pakistan during Indus Valley Civilisation. Was introduced by migrants by 1500 BC. Later it was locally bred/raised. Large chunk of land was allotted even by British for rearing horses locally. This land was known as the Ghori Paal Murabbas.
What British created was for their own interest. Benefits that people of Pakistan supposedly gained were incidental at best. British laid railways for transportation of military personnel & hardware for probable Russian invasion and for transportation of cheap trade items to UK.