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Sagarika K-15 SLBM


Introduction

Sagarika, or K-15, or B-05 is a submarine-launched quasi ballistic missile currently under development for use on INS Arihant, India's first nuclear-powered submarine.

Features

Sagarika, or K-15, or B-05 is a submarine-launched quasi ballistic missile currently under development for use on INS Arihant, India's first nuclear-powered submarine.

The solid propellant, two stage K-15 missile is reportedly 6.5 m long, 1m in diameter, weighs 7 tons and carries a 500 kg warhead to a range of approximately 700 km (435 miles).

The missile can carry both nuclear and conventional warheads.

The land based version of the K-15 is called the Shourya.

The missile was designed and developed at Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), the Advanced Systems Laboratory (ASL) provided the motors and propulsion systems. The Research Centre, Imarat (RCI) developed its avionics, including control and guidance systems and inertial navigation systems.

The land based version of the K-15 is called the Shourya.

Flight Trajectory

The K-15 is a two stage, solid fueled weapon with characteristics of both ballistic and cruise missiles. Unlike conventional cruise missile, which cruise at extremely low altitudes and subsonic speeds using turbo fan engines, Sagarika cruises at extremely high altitudes at hypersonic speeds using rocket power.

Quasi Ballistic Missile

The Sagarika can be classified as a quasi ballistic missile.

A quasi ballistic missiles doesn't follow a pure ballistic trajectory. It stays within the atmosphere and flies to its targets at hypersonic speeds, performing maneuvers to confuse enemy defenses. Its time to target is considerably less than that of a ballistic missile, giving the enemy lesser reaction time.

The Sagarika is comparable to Russia's Iskander missile that can cruise at hypersonic speed of Mach 6 - 7 at a height of 50 km and maneuver to evade ballistic missile defenses. The Iskander-M weighs 4,615 kg and carries a warhead of 710 – 800 kg to a range of 480 km, achieving a CEP of 5 – 7 m.

Sagarika Trajectory

The Sagarika's first stage takes it to an altitude of 7km. The second stage lofts it further up to 40 kms. The missile then flips over and flies at constant altitude at seven times the speed of sound like a cruise missile.

During the endgame, the missile guides itself to the target maneuvering with the help of fins to evade missile defenses and strike within 20-30m of its target 750 km away.

The missile's flat trajectory, hypersonic speed and small cross-section make tracking and interception difficult.

Speaking to the press at DefExpo 2010, DRDO Chief VK Sarsawat described the K-15's land based version, Shourya, as being "Like a ballistic missile, it is powered by solid fuel. And, like a cruise missile, it can guide itself right up to the target."

Status

The missile is in serial production but has not been fitted to any platform.

At the annual awards function of the DRDO on Tuesday, July 31, 2012 PM Manmohan Singh handed over the "technology leadership award'' to scientist A K Chakrabarti of the Hyderabad-based DRDL lab, for the "successful development'' of the country's first SLBM.

"Apart from India, this capability has been acquired only by four nations, the US, Russia, France and China. Now, the SLBM system is ready for induction,'' read the award citation. [via TOI]

Tests

12th Test on January 27, 2013


The missile was launched from from a canister fitted on a specially configured underwater pontoon launch platform.

According to the DRDO, the missile climbed to an altitude of 20 km and traveled a distance of 700 km to its pre-designated target point. The test met all its objective.

The Hindu quoted the SA to Defense Minister, VK Saraswat, as saying the missile's demonstrated a single digit CEP.

The test marked an end to a series of developmental trials and the missile will now be integrated with the India's Arihant nuclear powered ballistic missile submarine.

The Arihant is capable of carrying 12 K-15 missiles.
11th Test on December 26, 2012

The DRDO successfully tested the K-15 from a pontoon submerged several scores of meters off the Visakhapatnam coast on Wednesday, December 26, 2102.

The missile was ejected from the pontoon by triggering gas generators. It's solid propellent rocket motor ignited after the missile was well clear off the sea surface and boosted the missile 20 km into the air.

The missile which follows a quasi ballistic trajectory, then flipped on its side and sped to its designated target 650 km away in the Bay of Bengal.

It was the 11th test of the missile which will eventually arm the Arihant SSBN and initially serve as India's undersea deterrent


The Arihant is poised to start its sea trials, having successfully completed harbor trials. It's 80 MWe nuclear reactor is being fitted into the sub and will go critical in the first few months of 2013.

After one more test from a submerged pontoon, the two-stage K-15 will be fitted on the Arihant. It will be declared operational after a series of test launches from Arihant.

“It is a fantastic system. It is a very powerful and accurate system,” said A.K. Chakrabarti, Program Director, K-15, and Director of the Hyderabad-based Defense Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), which designed and developed the missile.

“India is the fifth country to have an underwater launch system. The other countries are the U.S., Russia, France and China,” he said.

Avinash Chander, Chief Controller (Missiles and Strategic Systems), DRDO, termed it “a good flight” and said the test “formed part of the pre-production clearance.”
Past Tests

India has tested the K-15 missiles over 10 times, DRDO Chief VK Saraswat told a press conference on March 31, 2012, during DefExpo 2012. [via Deccan Herald]

He also confirmed that DRDO successfully tested the missile twice in March 2012. The missiles were launched from a pontoon. The tests were not announced immediately following their tests, though there were press reports that the tests are impending.

CNN-IBN reported the K-15 was successfully tested on March 13, 2012.

The missile was reportedly launched from a pontoon positioned nearly 20 feet deep in the Bay of Bengal and 10 km off the AP coast. It traveled nearly 700 km before accurately hitting the target.

A DRDO official told CNN-IBN, "A rectified system was put into trial, this time, which delivered the desired results.

He added that the final evaluation of the test would be made from the warships stationed in the sea is awaited.

The K-15 was tested for a second time on March 16, 2012.

CNN-IBN earlier reported that DRDO is prepping for two tests of the missile, the first on March 4, and the second between March 16 and 19.

Indian Express earlier reported that the missile is scheduled to be test-fired from a pontoon from a depth of 20 m off Vizag in the last week of February.

A defense official told the newspaper on February 13, 2012, "The snags have been fixed and we hope this time the missile will be successfully test-fired in full deployment mode.”

A test of the missile was initially scheduled for January 31, 2011. However, despite several attempts the missile could not be tested during 2011 due to technical problems.

Early Development and Testing

India successfully tested the 'Sagarika' missile under the K-15 project on February 26, 2008, off the coast of Visakhapatnam from a pontoon simulating the conditions of a submarine.

The pontoon used for launch was connected with a cable to a nearby ship that had the missile’s fire control systems. The ship and the pontoon were both unmanned.

Following the test a DRDO official said, the test of the missile wasn't its first.

"We have done it earlier a few times although it went by different names," the source said. [via Hindu]

It has been reported that the missile has been tested a total of six times. Two tests were partially successful and the remaining four fully successful.

At launch, a gas-charged booster pushes the missile to the surface, when the first stage of the missile ignites.

https://sites.google.com/site/idpsentinel/missiles/strategic-missile-projects/sagrika-k-15-slbm
 
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Boeing C-17 Globemaster

boeingc-17globemaster.jpg


Introduction

India is purchasing 10 C-17 Globemaster III heavy lift tactical aircraft from the US Government through FMS under an agreement signed in June 2011.

The purchase is of 10 C-17 Globemaster III Block 18 aircraft is valued at $4.1 billion, including logistics support.

The agreement includes delivery of 45 F117-PW-100 engines (40 installed and 5 spare engines), missile warning systems, spares and repair parts, repair and return, flares, other explosives, aircraft ferry and refueling support, crew armour, mission planning system software, training and training equipment, publications and technical data.

The deal is the largest single military purchase from the US by India, surpassing the $2.1 billion purchase of eight Boeing P-8I long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft (MRA) in January 2009 and the $962 million acquisition of six Lockheed Martin-built C-130J Super Hercules military transport aircraft in March 2008.

Boeing will support India's C-17 fleet through the C-17 Globemaster III Sustainment Partnership, a multinational Performance-Based Logistics program. The GSP "virtual fleet" arrangement ensures mission readiness by providing all C-17 customers -- with varied fleet sizes -- access to an extensive support network for worldwide parts availability and economies of scale when purchasing materials.

The Globemaster III is capable of rapid strategic delivery of troops and all types of cargo to main operating bases or directly to forward bases in the deployment area. It can perform tactical airlift and airdrop missions and can also transport litters and ambulatory patients during aeromedical evacuations when required.
Procurement Progress

On June 6 2011, the Indian government's Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) approved the purchase of 10 C-17 Globemaster III aircraft.

Boeing announced on June 15, 2011 that the Indian government had signed an agreement with the U.S. government to acquire 10 Boeing C-17 Globemaster III airlifters under FMS, approved by the U.S. Congress in May 2010.

According to the agreement, India will take delivery of its C-17s in 2013 and 2014.
Procurement of Pratt & Whitney F117-PW-100 engines

On December 19, 2011, Pratt & Whitney announced that it had received a contract to produce the first four F117-PW-100 engines that will power the Boeing C-17 Globemaster III for the Indian Air Force. The engines will be delivered in second quarter of 2012.
Offset

Under the GOI's offset policy, Boeing is required to invest 30% of the total value of the deal in the defense or homeland security segment of Indian industry.

Under the offset program, Boeing will reportedly invest approximately $500 million in setup a wind tunnel to test jet engines in collaboration with DRDO.

In June 2011, the Air Chief told IANS that the wind tunnel project will go a a long way in helping Indian scientists develop jet engines.

History

Boeing is reported to have briefed the IAF on the aircraft in October 2007.

In 2008 India sent Boeing a Request For Information to which the company responded. The aircraft gave impressive flying demonstrations during Aero India 2009 in Bangalore.

In June 2009, the IAF projected a requirement for 10 aircraft to the government.

The Globemaster III is more capable than Il-76 in terms of payload and range. It can carry 70 tons of cargo with a crew of 3, against the 45 tons carried by an IL-76 with a crew of 6.

On November 6, 2009 it was reported that that Indian MOD is negotiating the purchase of 10 C-17s under a $1.7 billion deal under Foreign Military Sales (FMS).

The Globemaster participated in the joint air exercise between the USAF and IAF held in Agra between October 19-23, 2009 at Agra.

Letter of Request

On January 8, 2010, Aviation Week and Space Technology (AW&ST) reported that MOD has sent a letter of request to the US Government for purchase of 10 Globemaster C-17s under FMS.

According to the magazine, India wants deliveries of the aircraft to be stretched over the years, something Boeing had a problem with earlier because of limited orders. With over three years of orders at a production rate of 15 per year, Boeing is now reported to be in a better position to accommodate the request.

Boeing later confirmed the development.

"Boeing is pleased that the Indian government has expressed interest in acquiring C-17s to modernise its airlift capabilities and we look forward to working closely with them," said Vivek Lal, vice-president and India country head for Boeing Defense, Space and Security.

C-17AI11imgp5109lr.jpg


Indian Defense Minister Confirms Procurement

Defense Minister A.K. Antony told the Indian parliament on March 10, 2010 that a letter of request has been issued to Washington.

"The proposal to procure C-17 Globemaster III aircraft from the U.S. government to meet the strategic airlift requirement of the Indian Air Force was approved by the Defence Acquisition Council on Oct. 19, 2009," he said. "The letter of request was issued to the United States government on Jan. 1."

Notification to US Congress

The U.S. Defense Security Cooperation Agency formally notified Congress on April 22, 2010 of the possible foreign military sale (FMS) of 10 Boeing C-17 Globemaster III aircraft to the Indian Air Force.

The notification lists the potential value for the deal as $5.8 billion. The actual value will be finalized following negotiations and would depend on the package sought by the IAF, which besides the aircraft could also include training for air crew and maintenance personnel and training equipment, spares, test and ground-support equipment, technical assistance, engineering services, specific modifications and logistical and technical support.

User Trials

The IAF conducted flight trials of the aircraft in June 2010 operating from short strip in Himachal Pradesh and Leh in J&K.

Details of C-17 Globemaster III purchase

Block 18 aircraft

Boeing is offering the latest Block 18 aircraft. The aircraft would be configured to IAF requirements.

Delivery

During DefExpo 2012, Patrick Druez, business development (mobility) at Boeing Defense, Space & Security.said delivery of IAF ordered C-17 aircraft will start in June 2013 and be completed by end 2014.

“The test flight of the first C17 for India will begin in January [2013]. The certification will be done by May and the delivery will start in June. The training of IAF representatives will begin from May this year.”

Delivery of the ordered aircraft would be completed by August 2014. [via Business Standard]

During the Singapore Air Show in February 2012 a Boeing official said that five of the 10 aircraft ordered would be delivered by next year and the other five in 2014.

As per the contract, delivery is to begin 24 months after contract signing.

Basing

The IAF plans to base the aircraft in Agra.

Follow-Up Order

On February 14, 2012, during the Singapore Air Show, Paul Lewis, Director of International Communications for Defense, Space and Security for Boeing told the press, "Indian Air Force has expressed interest for six more C-17s."

In June 2011, IAF Chief PV Naik told IANS that the was likely to order more than 16 Globmasters, since the IL-76 would need to be replaced in another 10 years.

Following user trials in July 2010, it was reported that the IAF will procure six additional C-17 Globemaster III aircraft under the FMS program, bringing the total procurement to 16.


IAF's Transport Fleet

The IAF's transport fleet currently comprises of 17 IL-76MD, 104 An-32s and 6 C-130Js.

India signed a $400 million contract with Ukrainian military export agency Ukrspetsexport to upgrade its AN-32 aircraft.

The C-17s will replace the 17 Il-76 transports, which have a max payload of 50 000 kg, compared to the C-17’s maximum of 74 000 kg. Both aircraft have a similar range, but the C-17 overall has better performance. At more than US$250 million per aircraft, it is far more expensive than the Il-76.

C-17 Globemaster III Characteristics

Boeing warrantees for the C-17 include a aircraft mission completion success probability rate of 92 percent, only 20 aircraft maintenance man-hours per flying hour, and full and partial mission availability rates of 74.7 and 82.5 percent, respectively.

The C-17 measures 174 feet long (53 meters) with a wingspan of 169 feet, 10 inches (51.75 meters).

Powerplants

The aircraft is powered by four, fully reversible, Federal Aviation Administration-certified F117-PW-100 engines (the military designation for the commercial Pratt & Whitney PW2040), currently used on the Boeing 757. Each engine is rated at 40,440 pounds of thrust. The thrust reversers direct the flow of air upward and forward to avoid ingestion of dust and debris. Maximum use has been made of off-the-shelf and commercial equipment, including Air Force-standardized avionics.

f117_cutaway_high.jpg

Crew

The aircraft is operated by a crew of three (pilot, copilot and loadmaster), reducing manpower requirements, risk exposure and long-term operating costs. Cargo is loaded onto the C-17 through a large aft door that accommodates military vehicles and palletized cargo. The C-17 can carry virtually all of the Army's air-transportable equipment.

Payload

Maximum payload capacity of the C-17 is 170,900 pounds (77,519 kilograms), and its maximum gross takeoff weight is 585,000 pounds (265,352 kilograms). With a payload of 169,000 pounds (76,657 kilograms) and an initial cruise altitude of 28,000 feet (8,534 meters), the C-17 has an unrefueled range of approximately 2,400 nautical miles. Its cruise speed is approximately 450 knots (.76 Mach). The C-17 is designed to airdrop 102 paratroopers and equipment.

Runway requirement

The design of the aircraft allows it to operate through small, austere airfields. The C-17 can take off and land on runways as short as 3,500 feet (1,064 meters) and only 90 feet wide (27.4 meters). Even on such narrow runways, the C-17 can turn around using a three-point star turn and its backing capability.

The U.S. Air Force has transported a brigade of men, tonnes of equipment and 400 vehicles over five nights, flying 17 shifts, he said, explaining the ability of the workhorse.

https://sites.google.com/site/idpsentinel/air-force-projects/transports/boeing-c-17-globemaster


@Safriz thanks mate :)
 
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Everything about GAGAN


ISRO's GSAT-10 satellite launched on September 29, 2012, carries a payload thats a component of the space based segment of the GAGAN GPS augmentation system.


Gagan_Schematic.jpg



ISRO's GSAT-10 satellite launched on September 29, 2012, carries a payload that's a component of the space based segment of the GAGAN GPS augmentation system.

The GAGAN system consists of a network of 15 Indian Navigation Reference Earth Stations (INRES) spread over the country that are precisely surveyed to compare the position determined from GPS satellite signals against the location of the receiver. The observed deltas are then be sent to 2 Indian Navigation Master Control Centers (INMCC) where computer processing will extrapolate the data to generate correcting deltas for GPS signals anywhere within the network.

These correcting deltas will be relayed via 3 Indian Navigation Land Uplink Stations (INLUS) and geostationary satellites to civil aircraft so more precise fixes of their position can be derived from GPS satellite signals.

INRES sites and INMCCs are connected using Optical Fiber Cable Data Communication Network as well as VSAT link.

ISRO will launch and manage the data link satellites.

The cost savings in using a system like GAGAN accrue from the fact that its ground system does not need to be duplicated for each runway, as is the case for an ILS. The GPS signals, as well as the correcting deltas, can be made available to aircraft for any runway within the network using satellite based communication.

The space borne segment of GAGAN consists of payloads onboard Indian geostationary satellites GSAT-8P, GSAT-10 and GSAT-9.

The GSAT-8P was successfully launched using Ariane 5 on May 21, 2011 and is positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 55 degrees E longitude.

After the launch of GSAT-8, In-Orbit Test and Test and Evaluation of GAGAN navigation payload were carried out and the satellite integrated with Bangalore INLUS-West. Stability test are in progress, following which GAGAN signal without certification were available for users.

GSAT-10 was launched on September 29, 2012 using Ariane 5 and will be integrated with Bangalore INLUS-East. Also, GSAT-8 will be integrated with New Delhi INLUS. Final System Acceptance Test will be conducted during June 2012 followed by system certification during July 2013.

GSAT-9 is expected to be launched in the coming months.

GAGAN can function with one Geo stationary satellite. The other two serve as backups.


The Way GAGAN Works


GAGAN Satellite Based Navigation System


gagancoverage.jpg



Introduction

GAGAN is a satellite based navigation system that will serve as a low cost substitute for Instrument Landing System (ILS). The system is being developed by ISRO in collaboration with Airports Authority of India.

GAGAN will use a satellite based Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) technology (Satellite based WAAS is also referred to as Satellite Based Augmentation Systems or SBAS) developed by Raytheon for the US Federal Aviation Authority (FAA.).

WAAS is a ground and space-based network that provides corrections for GPS signals so they can yield more precision in all modes of transportation, including civil aviation. Lateral Precision with Vertical (LPV) guidance on the WAAS, facilitates civil aircraft to make an instrumented approach for landing with cloud ceilings as low as 250 ft. and visibility as low as 0.75 mi. This compares well with a typical ILS that allows an aircraft to make an instrumented approach with a cloud ceiling as low as 200 ft. and visibility as low as 0.50.

The Way GAGAN Works

The GAGAN system consists of a network of 15 Indian Navigation Reference Earth Stations (INRES) spread over the country that are precisely surveyed to compare the position determined from GPS satellite signals against the location of the receiver. The observed deltas are then be sent to 2 Indian Navigation Master Control Centers (INMCC) where computer processing will extrapolate the data to generate correcting deltas for GPS signals anywhere within the network.

These correcting deltas will be relayed via 3 Indian Navigation Land Uplink Stations (INLUS) and geostationary satellites to civil aircraft so more precise fixes of their position can be derived from GPS satellite signals.

INRES sites and INMCCs are connected using Optical Fiber Cable Data Communication Network as well as VSAT link.

ISRO will launch and manage the data link satellites.

The cost savings in using a system like GAGAN accrue from the fact that its ground system does not need to be duplicated for each runway, as is the case for an ILS. The GPS signals, as well as the correcting deltas, can be made available to aircraft for any runway within the network using satellite based communication.

GAGAN Accuracy

GAGAN will provide a precision of 1.5-meter accuracy in the horizontal plane, 2.5-meter in the vertical. This is the same as the FAA system. However, to account for possible worst-case positioning errors in civil aviation, a much rougher figure of about 15 meters horizontal will be used.

In addition to using GPS signals, GAGAN will be able to use timing and positioning signals from GLONASS and the proposed GALILEO Navigation Satellite System..

Implementation Progress

The GAGAN system will have a full complement of the SBAS inclusive of ground and onboard segment. It will be built in phases.

The first phase was completed in August 2007 and served as a technology demonstrator.

The GAGAN project is currently undergoing the final operation phase since June 2009 year and is scheduled to be completed by July 2013.

The space borne segment of GAGAN consists of payloads onboard Indian geostationary satellites GSAT-8P, GSAT-10 and GSAT-9.

The GSAT-8P was successfully launched using Ariane 5 on May 21, 2011 and is positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 55 degrees E longitude.

After the launch of GSAT-8, In-Orbit Test and Test and Evaluation of GAGAN navigation payload were carried out and the satellite integrated with Bangalore INLUS-West. Stability test are in progress, following which GAGAN signal without certification were available for users.

GSAT-10 was launched on September 29, 2012 and will be integrated with Bangalore INLUS-East. Also, GSAT-8 will be integrated with New Delhi INLUS. Final System Acceptance Test will be conducted during June 2012 followed by system certification during July 2013.

GSAT-9 is expected to be launched in the coming months.

GAGAN can function with one Geo stationary satellite. The other two satellites serve as in-orbrit backups.

Aircraft Equipment

In order to use GAGAN, aircraft will need to be equipped with a small receiver with three antennas costing $2,000 - $5,000.
Ionospheric Study

One essential component of the GAGAN project is the study of the ionospheric behavior over the Indian region. This has been specially taken up in view of the rather uncertain nature of the behavior of the ionosphere in the region. The study will lead to the optimization of the algorithms for the ionospheric corrections in the region.

Planned Usage

India plans to use the GAGAN system initially in 40 candidate airports that will require CAT-1 or close to CAT-1 capability in the near future.

The system will improve airport and airspace access in all-weather conditions while meeting environmental and obstacle clearance constraints.

GAGAN would also enhance reliability and reduce delays by defining more precise terminal area procedures that feature parallel routes and environmentally optimised airspace corridors.

Flight Management System (FMS)

A Flight Management System (FMS), based on GAGAN, is under development. It will help civil aircraft operators to save time and money by managing climb, descent and engine performance profiles of aircraft.

Compatibility

naviworld.jpg

GAGAN will be compatible with other GPS augmentation systems under development.


GAGAN will be compatible with other GPS augmentation systems under development.


GAGAN will be compatible with other Space Based Augmentation System such as the Wide Area Augmentation System of the U.S., the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service and the Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System of Japan and will provide seamless air navigation service across regional boundaries.

India would become the fourth country in the world to adopt this system.

National Institute for Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) of Indonesia has expressed interest in Gagan.

GAGAN Satellite Based Navigation System - Indian Space Projects

Additional Reading

Press Information Bureau English Releases
 
Su 30 family and weaponry (also used by other IAF jets)



Su-30MK-Asia-Users.png


su-30mki-weapons-1.jpg


su-30mki-weapons-2.jpg






Tavor rifle family, used by all SOFs and several other units in the military, para-military and central police forces.


TAVOR Assault Rifles
Due to the dynamic changes in the modern battlefield, the threats of global terrorism and the demands of ever-changing combat situations, there was a need for a new versatile, innovative and technologically advanced weapon.

The TAVOR assault rifle was especially created to answer these varied demands, thus distinguishing itself as the ultimate weapon of the 21st century.

The TAVOR was developed in close cooperation with the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). The Tavor is today in service in the IDF infantry troops as well as in the forces of other countries throughout the world. The rifle family has an excellent performance record in the battlefield with its attributes of high precision, reliability and human ergonomics being its leading characteristics.

Characteristics:

Bull pup configuration.
Optimized ergonomic design.
30 Rds. Magazine capacity.
Body built of high strength impact modified polymer.
Detachable barrel.
Integrated reflex sight directly attached on to the barrel.
Conversion from day optics to night optics is done without the need of re-zeroing.
100% Ambidextrous thus making the use by right or left handed shooters easy.
Has true “OTB” (over-the beach) capability and can be safely fired after being submerged in water and not completely dry.
Designed for Minimum operator and armorer level maintenance, thus reducing maintenance and life cycle costs.
Folding back-up sights that include tritium for night combat.
Very easy field striping into 2 parts.
100% interchangeability with parts of the Tavor family, thus reducing the overall costs of the system.
Equipped with a last round stopper.
All the metal parts of the weapon are corrosion resistant.
Recoil absorbent butt pad for rifle grenade firing.
Comparison tests have proven the Tavor to posses the following significant operational advantages:
• Increases hit probability under fatigue and pressure.
• Superior reliability under extreme conditions.
• Uninterrupted day-to-night switch without re-zeroing.
• Ergonomic design for increased comfort and ease of use.
• Short rifle convenience with long barrel accuracy.
• Right and left handed operability.

Tavors+of+Indian+Navy.JPG




INSAS AR rifle family, the standard service rifle of the Indian Armed Forces, Paramilitary Forces, Central Police Forces and many state police forces.


insas+assault+rifle.jpg
 
INDIA & PAKISTAN HAVE TO NOTIFY EACH OTHER BEFORE TESTING ANY BALLISTIC MISSILE:

India, Pakistan Sign Missile Notification Pact

India and Pakistan Oct. 3 finalized an agreement to notify each other in advance of ballistic missile flight tests. This long-awaited move aims to reduce tension between the two nuclear neighbors.

Indian External Affairs Minister K. Natwar Singh and Pakistani Foreign Minister Khurshid Mehmood Kasuri oversaw the signing of the pre-notification agreement, which went into force that day. The two sides had nearly completed the agreement earlier this year when the foreign ministers met in August, but the signing was delayed by prolonged negotiation over the final wording of the agreement.

Officials said that, under the accord, the country’s defense ministries will provide their counterparts at least 72 hours of notice before conducting a ballistic missile flight test. India and Pakistan agreed not to allow trajectories of tested missiles to approach or land close either to their accepted borders or the Line of Control, the cease-fire line running through the disputed region of Kashmir. They pledged not to allow tested missiles to fly closer than 40 kilometers from these boundaries or land closer than 70 kilometers away.

The agreement states that pre-notification applies only to tests conducted with surface-to-surface ballistic missiles launched from land or sea. The agreement does not apply to cruise missiles. Cruise missiles are powered their entire flight and can be maneuvered, while ballistic missiles are only powered for the first few minutes of their flight and follow a charted trajectory to the ground. Pakistan tested its first cruise missile Aug. 11. The agreement also does not apply to surface-to-air missiles. India conducted two such missile tests on the day of the agreement’s signing.

According to a representative from the Pakistani embassy in Washington, D.C., who spoke to Arms Control Today Oct. 25, the limitations on missiles covered by the agreement reflected mutual reservations. The official said the missiles covered by the agreement represent a feasible de-escalation commitment by India and Pakistan, with the hope of inching toward more comprehensive commitments.

International reaction to the Agreement on Pre-Notification of Flight Testing of Ballistic Missiles was positive. A Department of State official told Arms Control Today Oct. 14 that the United States welcomes this achievement and is pleased with the commitment both countries have shown to the peace process.

India is estimated to have 45-95 nuclear warheads while Pakistan is believed to have 30-50 nuclear weapons. The countries’ geographical proximity assures mutual vulnerability to attack within a few minutes.

India, Pakistan Sign Missile Notification Pact

This was signed in November 2005.
 
INS VIKRAMADITYA

vikram-03.jpg


INS Vikramaditya is the name of an aircraft carrier set to enter service with the Indian Navy in 2013.
Class & type: Modified Kiev class
Type: Aircraft carrier
Displacement: 45,400 tons full load[1][2]
Length: 283.1 m overall
Beam: 51.0 m
Draught: 10.2 m
Propulsion: 4 shaft geared steam turbines, 140,000 hp
Speed: 32 knots
Range: 13500 miles at 18 knots
Armament: 8 CADS-N-1 Kashtan CIWS guns
Aircraft carried:
16 Mikoyan MiG-29K
10 helicopters, possible mix of:
Ka-28 helicopters ASW
Ka-31 helicopters AEW
HAL Dhruv
 
Boeing C 17 Globemaster

The IAF will be the largest C 17 operator outside the USA. Induction will start this year.
10 have been ordered so far and further orders will depend on the performance of the C 17.
C-17 Globemaster III Specifications

Primary Function: Long-range heavy transport
Contractor: Boeing [McDonnell Douglas Corp.]
Crew: Three (two pilots and one loadmaster)
Unit Cost: $236.7 million (FY98 constant dollars)
Powerplant
Four Pratt & Whitney F117-PW- 100 turbofan engines (40,900 pounds each)
Dimensions
Length: 173 feet 11 inches (53.04 meters)
Wingspan: 170 feet 9 inches (to winglet tips) (51.81 meters)
Height: 55 feet 1 inch (16.79 meters)
Weights
Empty: 269,000 lb (122016 kg)
Maximum Takeoff: 585,000 pounds (265,352 kilograms) -- peacetime
Performance
Speed: 500 mph (Mach .77)
Ceiling: 45,000 feet at cruising speed (13,716 meters)
Range: Unlimited with in-flight refueling


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@Rajaraja Chola, no offence buddy, but pls don't post random videos or pics here, post anything that gives knowledge (technical) about Indian defence to other members, thanks in advance :)
 
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Mig 29K

The Mig 29K is the Naval Air Arms new main fighter aircraft. At least 45 have been ordered so far and are likely to go up further.

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