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INDIAN ARTILLERY UNDERGOING MODERNIZATION – NEED FOR SPEEDING UP THE PROCESS

Zarvan

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The Indian Artillery has not seen developments since last two decades. The 'Transfer of Technology'(ToT, 1980s) too has witnessed this gap. The main purpose of ToT was to ensure the indigenous development and production of Bofors. The present government seems to have will and motivation to look forward into this dire need of modernization of the Indian Artillery. A vision and modernization initiative is necessary.

The concept of modernization in context of Indian Artillery broadly deals with the modernization of all guns, including rockets & missiles for degradation and engagement of target, Artillery Command, Control and Communication System (ACCCS), Battlefield Surveillance System (BSS), Counter Bombardment Capabilities.

200 out of 400 imported Bofors howitzers have been cannibalized, the 105 mm Indian Field Guns are already obsolete, but still have been in function since last 30 years without procurement and need of immediate replacement. We also require Weapon Locating Radars (WLRs) approximately 40-50 in numbers to ensure effective operational advances.

Procurement is one way of modernization, while induction of latest technology and modern weapon system including hardware and software is another more sorted out way for the same. We need large quantities of Precision Guided Munitions (PGMs) for destroying tough targets such as tanks and bunkers. PGMs and efficient Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Target Acquisition (RSTA) are need of the hour. The obsolescent weapons and equipments need to be replaced with modern weapons in the inventory.

The Field Artillery Rationalization Plan (FARP) of the Indian Army which was formulated in 1999 already has provisions of standardizing the calibre of its guns at 155mm so as to ensure the commonality of ammunition. A plan to acquire total of 2,820 guns of all types to replace the obsolescent guns and formation of new regiments which includes mountain strike corps is already under execution.

Obstacles have been occurring in the way of modernization, be it in the form of delay in decision making, settling deals, corruption in private companies or even blacklisting of firms like Rheinmetal Defence of Germany. It certainly took time and efforts to issue fresh tenders of which the proposals are still under the reviewing process. The tenders are about acquiring the upgraded 155mm version of 152mm MSTA-S SP Gun through South Korea and Russia.

The Foreign Military Sales (FMS) Route from the US is another way via Government to Government deal on which MoD is considering for the acquisition of 145 pieces of 155mm/39-calibre M777 Howitzers. It is taking long as the agreement is stuck on the revision of the price which the US Govt. had set to be $647 million to $885 million.

The Transfer of Technology (ToT) concept (during Bofors induction 1980s) can prove to be of great help in modernizing the Artillery. The Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) with private sector companies have stepped up to design and develop 155mm howitzers. The Ministry of Defence (MoD) has also approved 814 truck mounted guns in the "Buy and Make in India" category out of which 100 will be imported and 714 will be built in India on 'ToT' basis. The total cost of this development drive has been estimated to be 15,750 Crore.

The present government has the vision as well as will, yet things need to be considered on a high priority. Being surrounded by hostile neighbouring countries and China's fast growing military power, including its support to Pakistan, it makes conditions really alarming for India. Apart from a will to proceed for the cause, speedy decision making is also required. Any further delay or act of rethinking, refreshing, reconsidering, procrastination in the way of modernization of Indian Artillery would push its efficiency further down and can prove to be a hindrance in the process of modernization of the Glorious Indian Artillery.

Indian Artillery Undergoing Modernization – Need for Speeding up the Process
 
ToT seems to be the defining abbreviation for modern India,even when it comes to the making of a rifle or an artillery piece。:D
 
ToT seems to be the defining abbreviation for modern India,even when it comes to the making of a rifle or an artillery piece。:D

It seems that you are upset since we did not adopted the chines way of Copy pest.

It is good that now we have ateast 3 to 4 players in private sector along with OFB. TATA, L &T, M & M and baba kalyani.

Never in the past we had such a rosy scenario when 4 private players along with PSU were in race to produce any high tech defense stuff. We will have a great price advantage because of this competition.
 
The Image is is slightly confusing.
1> Tata 155 mm gun fall under the mounted gun category

2 and 5> Dhanush 155mm x 45 cal - 115 of these upgraded FH-77B have already been placed after clearing all the trials. Another version of the Dhanush in 52 Caliber is in the works which will be the DRDO- ATAGS and production of this version will start in 2019.
Both versions of the Dhanush will be primarily replace the 105 mm Indian Field Gun - 105/37 IFG/E1 (not the 105/37 LFG/E2)

3> Bharath 52 is the 52 caliber version of the GC45, but IA has not shown interest in the gun, instead given Bharat Forge a major stake in building the ATAGS Dhanush 52 caliber gun instead of fielding two 52 cal guns.


4> Bharath SRG Garuda 105 is ultra-light gun system which will most likely have a good potential to replace the 105/37 LFG/E2.


Indian Arty upgrade will follow the footprint of
1>New procurement
2> upgrade of existing systems. New procurement will be in following profile

New Procurement:

Mounted Guns: ~ 800 Guns
Under this category, Indian Private MFG can collaborate via a JV to cater to a requirement of roughly 800 systems.
Contenders in this category are
>TATA Power SED and DENEL Land Systems Joint Venture to bring re-engineered version of DENEL’s T5-52
> L&T - Ahok Lyeyland and Nexter Systems Joint venture Pitching the Caesar Truck mounted Gun
>Bharat Forge-Elbit JV will offer the ATMOS
>Punj Lloyd/Yugoimport SDPRJoint Venture will propose the Nora.
(There might be a possibility of additional 100 Wheeled SPH from within this category)

Towed Guns: ~1600 Guns

>Dhanush 155mm 45 cal and ATAGMS 155mm 52 cal will be the most likely candidate for this category
(other guns on offer were the Bharat 52/ GC45 and the l&t/Nexter trajan

Tracked Self Propelled Gun: 100 Guns
The K9 VAJRA-T 155mm/ 52 Cal was selected

Ultra Light Howitzers: 145 Guns
M-777 by BAE Systems' Global Combat Systems

105 mm Light Gun: ~ 600 guns
105MM Garuda low recoil gun developed by Bharat Forge has the possibility of replacing or augementing the existing 105/37 mm Light Field Guns.


Upgrade Programs

Beas 155mm ~
450 Guns
Bharat Forge/ Elbit system BEAS program upgrades the 130mm M46 to 155mm/45 calibre gun which has been designed and developed by KSSL, This program will cover around 450 unit, half of the fielded M46 Guns.










Indian_Artillery_Guns_IDN.jpg

The Indian Artillery has not seen developments since last two decades. The 'Transfer of Technology'(ToT, 1980s) too has witnessed this gap. The main purpose of ToT was to ensure the indigenous development and production of Bofors. The present government seems to have will and motivation to look forward into this dire need of modernization of the Indian Artillery. A vision and modernization initiative is necessary.

The concept of modernization in context of Indian Artillery broadly deals with the modernization of all guns, including rockets & missiles for degradation and engagement of target, Artillery Command, Control and Communication System (ACCCS), Battlefield Surveillance System (BSS), Counter Bombardment Capabilities.

200 out of 400 imported Bofors howitzers have been cannibalized, the 105 mm Indian Field Guns are already obsolete, but still have been in function since last 30 years without procurement and need of immediate replacement. We also require Weapon Locating Radars (WLRs) approximately 40-50 in numbers to ensure effective operational advances.

Procurement is one way of modernization, while induction of latest technology and modern weapon system including hardware and software is another more sorted out way for the same. We need large quantities of Precision Guided Munitions (PGMs) for destroying tough targets such as tanks and bunkers. PGMs and efficient Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Target Acquisition (RSTA) are need of the hour. The obsolescent weapons and equipments need to be replaced with modern weapons in the inventory.

The Field Artillery Rationalization Plan (FARP) of the Indian Army which was formulated in 1999 already has provisions of standardizing the calibre of its guns at 155mm so as to ensure the commonality of ammunition. A plan to acquire total of 2,820 guns of all types to replace the obsolescent guns and formation of new regiments which includes mountain strike corps is already under execution.

Obstacles have been occurring in the way of modernization, be it in the form of delay in decision making, settling deals, corruption in private companies or even blacklisting of firms like Rheinmetal Defence of Germany. It certainly took time and efforts to issue fresh tenders of which the proposals are still under the reviewing process. The tenders are about acquiring the upgraded 155mm version of 152mm MSTA-S SP Gun through South Korea and Russia.

The Foreign Military Sales (FMS) Route from the US is another way via Government to Government deal on which MoD is considering for the acquisition of 145 pieces of 155mm/39-calibre M777 Howitzers. It is taking long as the agreement is stuck on the revision of the price which the US Govt. had set to be $647 million to $885 million.

The Transfer of Technology (ToT) concept (during Bofors induction 1980s) can prove to be of great help in modernizing the Artillery. The Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) with private sector companies have stepped up to design and develop 155mm howitzers. The Ministry of Defence (MoD) has also approved 814 truck mounted guns in the "Buy and Make in India" category out of which 100 will be imported and 714 will be built in India on 'ToT' basis. The total cost of this development drive has been estimated to be 15,750 Crore.

The present government has the vision as well as will, yet things need to be considered on a high priority. Being surrounded by hostile neighbouring countries and China's fast growing military power, including its support to Pakistan, it makes conditions really alarming for India. Apart from a will to proceed for the cause, speedy decision making is also required. Any further delay or act of rethinking, refreshing, reconsidering, procrastination in the way of modernization of Indian Artillery would push its efficiency further down and can prove to be a hindrance in the process of modernization of the Glorious Indian Artillery.

Indian Artillery Undergoing Modernization – Need for Speeding up the Process
 
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India wants replace FV433 or improve own artillery. Indians liked 105mm Nato caliber howitzers so India has projected this great playform. BMP with 105mm Self Propelled Gun. I also prefer this tactical vehicle . Turkish T155 Fırtına SPG great, strong but very big and fat:)
Every armys need assortiments of artillery.
cimg26711.jpg

Garuda-105_ultra-light_105mm_field_gun_mounted_on_Humvee_Kalyani_group_India_defense_industry_Defexpo_2014_002.jpg
 
. Indians liked 105mm Nato caliber howitzers so India has projected this great playform.

Improvisation is good but 105mm is not enough. 155 mm should be the standard and India is sorely lacking in 155 mm SPH because the current number is ZERO.
 
@MilSpec

Was not BAE teaming up with Mahindra to offer 155/52 caliber MGS Archer?
It seems to have taken a back seat, I wasn't able to find anything from Mahindra in the mounted gun system category

On a side note, irrespective of.dummies who haven't even fired a 22lr in their lives taking about shortcomings of 105mm, it is a formidable system in context of India's western border. Deployment is fast, system is extremely light, ranges stand upto 18kms, it is a force multiplier, extremely easy to deploy. I am hopeful that BF Garuda 105mm will find takers in the force.

I was looking forward to the OFB metamorphosis prject which seems to have evolved into the BF's Beas gun. If it does work, we are looking at 450 units at min of of upgraded M46's, which in it's original form is a very formidable system.
 
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155mm and 105mm have to work together.
155mm has a big recoill which can brake mechanism and which is not comfartable. 155mm howitzer round nearly 45kg but 105mm round 20kg!! Turkish t155 howitzer weight 50 ton but Japanese Type 74 SPG, British FV433, American m108, French AMX-13 AM, LAV III with Denel LEO 105 howitzer weight nearly 16 ton!!
Korean Samsung EVO-105 Truck only 5-6ton.

Everytime you dont have to and you can't shoot from 155mm howitzer. Which caliber do you prefer shoot the mouse?
.308 win or 30-06spr????:)))))))) Ofcourse they are in the house .22lr if they are in the 400m range .223rem!!!!
 
155mm and 105mm have to work together

Agree.

155mm has a big recoill which can brake mechanism and which is not comfartable. 155mm howitzer round nearly 45kg but 105mm round 20kg!!

155 mm round has more range and bigger impact.

Everytime you dont have to and you can't shoot from 155mm howitzer. Which caliber do you prefer shoot the mouse?
.308 win or 30-06spr????:)))))))) Ofcourse they are in the house .22lr if they are in the 400m range .223rem!!!!

Indian mountains will need 155 mm. 105 mm is good but light-weight 155 mm (towed guns) is what India needs now.
 
105 mm is invaluable in mountain areas.Its easy to transport and setup and unlike 155mm can be transported by pack mules without needing airlift or roads.Even us army used 105 mm howitzer in afghanisthan mountain areas.
 
One type of Howitzer enough for armys? Of course NO! Turkish army use different calibers howitzer.
So Why one type of mechanized SPG enough for Turkish or other Army's?


https://defence.pk/attachments/04_v...5/?temp_hash=771d9559217edaaf0e56517381bdf569

105mm, 155mm or Something In-between? - Think Defence



105-mm-vs-155mm-howitzer-png.265474




T155 SPG is great paltform we love him. But we need also more tactical, maneurable, fast economic and lethal weapons.
Like a Russian Gvozdika, American M108 105mm SPG, British FV433 abbot SPG 105mm , ROK Samsung Evo 105mm, Indian Garuda 105 ultra light gun, American Hawkey 105mm and Denel 105mm SPG on LAV. and a lot of chinese.

Russian Gvozdika 2s1 122mm
images



17000 reasons to respect China!
Chineese 122mm
93abab651f00.jpg

PLL09_122mm_howitzer_1.jpg

SH2_wheeled_self-propelled_howitzer_122mm_China_Chinese_defence_industry_military_technology_right_side_view_001.jpg

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
Chinese 105mm Howitzer Truck
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India Garuda 105mm Light Gun.
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This is France Caesar?
I am looking forward new wheeled PANTHER 2. :))

Yes I knew:) Nona is mortar, so it has low recoill, ammo capacity is more. Nona often use on wheeled BTR for the cities. If your enemy or terrorists occupied one street near the forest or field like our southeast cities, you have to use mortar. Mortar isn't for the Istanbul-Taksim. (but If will be need, we will use it).

Mortar for Lice, Semdinli, Nusaybin,Kagizman etc. Tanks and IFVies tracking vehicles not comfartable, not economic and they destroye the roads.

If you want to howitzer with mortar you may look the GVOZDIKA. It uses 122mm artillery shell and 120mm mortar round at the same time. Vehicle has computer , calculating how shoot. Vehicle closed and armoured, soldiersare in safe.
Our FNSS 120mm mortar vehicle not smart.!!FNSS has little space. Gvozdika more smart and self loading system. Gvozdika also can fire directly like a tank.

FV433 old vehicle from 20th century but platform is very smart.It weight max 17 tons. And fire range 17000m.
SPG doesnt need strong armour.
CH47_tank.jpg

Turkey can produced this platform with new technology armours. Aselsan easlly upgraded and recovering it.

UK doesnt need howitzer vehicles because They are on the west and on the island. We are living near the hell.

In Ukraine, in Donestk OBSE fixed that Separatist have TOS-1 Buratino!!!!!!!!!!
Why separatist have used against Regular Army artillery rockets? Why have separatist used GVOZDIKA and also NONA??
Why Regular Army cant use fighters and attack aircrafts???
New war doctrines have prefered a lot of micro guns.

T155 great gun we love it. I precieded them who produced. But also we need other guns like TOS-1, Gvozdika, Nona.
Why hunting mouse by .50 cal machine gun in the range 100meters.??
For mice enough and comfartable and usefull .22lR!
Unfortunally, due-to Geographic conditions you can not allways use 155mm howitzer.

Samsung SPG EVO-105mm. Great Platform. High technolgy and simple.
Only 5 ton truck. Shoot and scout. Great accuracy, ammo store.
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EVO-105_105_wheeled_self-propelled_howitzer_truck_chassis_KM500_Samsung_Techwin_South_Korea_Korean_army_industry_001.jpg

This an other SPG 105mm
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wPVBim/WVaNL1aofYW/GdY6N9IqOOoipRYEgL2iWs1NyLlWXlztPUM11jN5VzTA9T9BbdtiKlTyRBSB9bsZfsBgadCmtKkoVEFlA5eu5J8ZtmCZuSRi3S2EW4jiIBE0LCCIthHtFGLBLCLIj2ETaUBbRTCPeKvNAsiAY1hAtFAtMh2mSC6KZN4lNoYM5XZDkMakQphgw0m3hqYoGMUw1p53G+j2Gxa5cRRR/O1mHycaiULifU3SJvh8Q9MfdqKKgHyYWNp0+81+JY0UKNSq2q00dyBuQgJsPaCfNXTTozU4dXSlUZamdM6sgIFr2NwdQdveAnRDHEKf6HiLMuYfozYr4+XyOvlLL0f6Y4jEcXpVGWmwrlaToaakCnrZUY6jKdfOxJ3ndU72v2R8Pn+1/KOLXzVg+hOOqkZMLW8i69mvgdahAllwXVDjX/WPQpDzYufZRb6ztlcd6/hl+r/AOgmxaWDXKsF1L0tO2xVQ+VJFUe7ZpYMB1X8Opb0nq/21Rm/yiw+kukExGl4WgtNFp01CIoCqqiyqo0AAHKEYUE/n5RBNZrCw3Og8vE28h+IilQZgBso+rbetr+8ZT1ux57X5Jv9d4FDa/3jm99voBEAxqXXzGo/iPa84H006u69BzVw6viKTu3wKTUpsTezqNwb3DeFp9AmadLuNbl8Podaf0uv90R9weq591PdGK+FStWxCGm1YIqI2jBULEMy8ic2xnRCI0iA0YKSRBMYwgERZATBaMIgETSJYRTR7CKcSBRi2jTFtFikmQRDaLMYC2MG0MwbRgDeZMtMilvWHaKQxyzldcSBDEEQlMzWoYIQgwpkivBq0g6lWAZWBVgdiCLEGSBBck90ep8B5eZiVb4F0GwWFrGrQpEMLgMzF8t91p3+EcifTxlomIttB6QpBrVft+WT6G/8ZsETXqDu1PX6KJsExCDBIhSZRUu0RWFzl5bt8uQ9fwBjqrgAn835CLppbfc6n5/yG00C8TqMv3jb0+19AYRgjVieSjKPmdW+mUe8OTIJrYinqPA90+Vz3D6Nb3myYFVLgjxHtFFI1x4HYjzG/wCfOQRApVNQTpm0byqDT62PsI1osl2gERhgmOgswDGNAYRBTGKaNYQCJqClNEvNhhEmLNhREWRHGLIkyWRBIjCIBjEXaZDtMkFmRo5WmtSmwgnM7DAYawBDWZMGDDBgCBiK2UbFjsqjdj4f6wahrvyG5/DmTCprYW977k8yYFNbXubtzt62t5aGMEkIGFBEkRRdLUN5lv5fwmYc3Rf3V/ASMN8IPiSfckwsOO6Pb2iBzJjGw/P0nCMR0qVzVNXE1tajhE7Sv3EzWB/RMobcmxJ2tzjILXa6ddXJYMCiMy3voXFw+p8NR87+E1MZx/CUr9piaC2vcGql9OVr3nzrW43kZxTp0Xp3BVq1FqhFhbuh3OW5uTvqZ5D07i6hbE65QABz2Jizr6Ibp7w6mADikJJ72XM1i29yBtv7SuYPrfoVKrUjT7EZmVK1WpekbGyM4Vbrfe31nFM99B6+npNA1ed7eEi7B0h61cStVkw6UOyRsvbIGdXI1OVm05jTUz1OjfWzSqEJjEFE8qqXNM/vrunuR8pxaji2ZCn9WGD5SxyZrAFst/isLXktWA32G3iSbnTytIPp1cWr1CisCtWmK9OoveQkEKSGGn3GGv3pu03uATodiPAjcfnynzJ0e6Z18E4NByFBvkfvUjfe6X0v5WnRejXWkpr1GxS5UqBP1ALIrrcFyrEkXFgbeEdGOrSDNfh/EKVdBUoVEqoftIQR8j4HyOsfeIxDGLYwmimiENBMmCYxkBEU0aYppoFNFmNaKMWai0EiFIMmQ2mSCJkksFKbKTWozYQznrrNWGIl6gVSzbKCx0voNToN54H/ABxhb2VcU5/YwlYj/FlAmcKzswAuZlJT8Tb8h90fz8ZRcd1gor1FOHxWZbdgpoNYkqO/UXddbgAcvM6UbHdauML3SpkUgjKKNMkP82vcD3ji10XHdGOIVcRVqrxFqFNzZadKmCVVRZdW0zc725yodKeidXB0+2xGNxGIW5RF7R6dmIurMwbUCx0G8p+I6xeIkgnF1QL62FNR9Emh/wASYrFsUr4yo1GzNeoc6hlUlQAovmJ7o/ehhldU6s+GVq+GNdMdXRsz01S4qUwEOmdal81735by3YbjdehUp0sdTUdo2SliKRvRqPYkK6E5qTEKd7ryBnAOjPSbFYZKlOhUakKlmb4dCB9kkaGxG3hH4mpxDEors1epTqVFWmWrHK1XXLYZt7jewtHBr6M4EScPTzEMbEFl2NmIv9IOK4tSoUKtaqSKdIvnspYjK1tFGp3HvPnrGUuJYHKr1KtEG+ULiCV8/hYgHWaWM6RYs02pviKpp1Ce0UtmD3tq1/kPaSdA6c9PqONotTw1arQZMz98NT7XKvwq6X724Cm1776TkNbGldhr58vCE9a4sAfJr2trvCxuCenkLixqKKikkElG2bTxtzjKGjVxbto1rHytNym2gFtAb7zVxCd3X6/WNwjWsGtbxY222HnC3FmnHS9he/nrr5TRq4cknkOU9imynZb8twPrB7VBqVT3BJ+UOzUlaGCwtgQbEGI4gTmyjYafznpvxIkW7tPkO5e/qJ570mJBI9eXrDssa9WkBa3hvBwtUqQRH1aV/TT1kJhzcAL6nYXNiT4DWaT0+BcXxGGqdph6j0muL2N1YX+0p0Yek7d0A6aNjy9OpTC1EUNmW+SoL2JCn4Te2nnPn/EE0nZVcOqsygqSUYKxGZbi+U20nc+pg0nwAYIBVpVa9Msd++UqaH7pBQW/ZmpWOUX6A0MwTNRkphAIjGiWM0zYgxbQiYJiCWizHPFkR0YC0ExhMU0WWTIN5kgsVBBa5M2EtNKm4tHq85q642lhq3mfcxKNGK8Gjg04R1xYqnSxho4alTonIHr1KdMLUqNU1ALDUKAPUmd0DSk9PerxOI1FrLVNCsFyMcnaK6g924DKbjUXB5yFj57TEEZhlDXsbm5K2N7rrz5zaw+PZXZnBJYEEsL3vbUj0nTP+S1ZD3MTRe+hLI6EegLX+U59xzCthq9ag3eai2VyNFO1iAdbG4hasj0MJ0Kx+KprUo4dmpP3la6hWB5i5/Npuf8ALHiYAPYcwABUW4JO9r7CX/qBq1WwuILfqu2/RjkGKjtMvle3rOo3lpxwHB9UXEWbvtQpjXvNVLkf3VGvvLpgOqChktiK71W8UUU/5zpUmSxT+H9WHDaW+H7X+2dqg/wk2+k8nrO6vTi1p1MEtNalMFTTsKYdPs5SBYMvK/LSdGvIvHV1fP3R/qnxtesv9KTsKIPfJYFyvgiqTqfEwetDoTT4alMUcrU6zjK1Qk1qbU1JZQRoUa4PiCPOfQcq3WL0THE8KKQYJURu0pOQSM1iCGHgQbXkHy5iCfHbS3j5zqXQbq3p47BU8QapQuKqG6hgr06hVWUfaQgWKk7jQzU4f1OY56gWsaVJL6uH7TT9lBa/radx4Pw5MLQp0KQtTpKFXx03JPidT6yTmVLqaIPexaW/ZoG/1aehQ6n8OPjxFZ/IKij+M6ReCTLIvlSML1V8OTXJUY+LVPHyA0np4bobg6NOstGgmarSamc/fzCxKqc1xbNY+ksJaAWmoy+QSh2OhGhHO40IPncT6N6sOCHCcPpq4tUqM1ZxzBcKFU+YVVnvYjguHeoKz0KLVQQQ5pqXuNjfmZukxkVuoMEwjBizS3iWj3iSY6CzIhNItHWbAOItjCqRbbRgLc3ijCLwCZplF5ki0iKx79NhGhxMmTlrqOQxoMmZAmLCFpMyDQgZWOknQDA46qK1em3aWAZkcpnC7BwN/nvMmQ1VYOGYCnh6S0qKLTpoLKqiwHM+pOs2ZkySZJUzJkUkyCZkyICTBYzJkkAmRJmSAWMAmZMkAFoBmTIwUtjBmTJoMJgNMmRZoam0SZkyKCTALyJkQWzxb1JEyajNa5aAakmZGMll5kyZFP/Z




Lets imagine that : Turkish Chinooks with Turkish Tracked or wheealed 105mm Self Propelling Gun like
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Dear
I know that In real life war and fight very hard!
Dont tell anybody this:)) my garage has received one shoot from 122 artillery!! I have found a 56 pieces little damage on the door and the back side nearly 30s. Garage made double sandwich iron plates!Near my neigbour loose half a garage. I cant tell you where and how bur i know very well about Gvozdika!

You are telling abaout 155mm howitzer, yes it is great we need. But only 155 doesnt enough for Armies. Wars and fight are not only mountains and field and desert. You dont fight against big,regular,army.
Even thought if terrorists in somewhere on the mountain, every time you cant spend your all ammunitions. Mountains hides terrorists. In Turkey we dont have only one mountain! All mountain near and side by side. You can not shot from diyarbakir to all mountains. You also need tactical artillery.
155mm howitzer round 40kg, T155 firtina payload limited!! When you are verry loaded how can you transfer this. It is also not economical. 155mm round cost 2 time expensive than 105mm. T155firtina weight 50 ton also has big fuel consumption.
But M108 105mm or FV433 or Japanese Type 84 or Arma compact vehicle they weight nearly 15 ton and have engine 250hp!
War and terrorism for destroyin the enemies. Not destroying only peoples also economy and resources.

Anyway 105mm very lethal and effective, you cant use allways same gun.

People's Liberation Army has 17000 artillery gun in different calibers!
USSR had a 200mm and 152mm howitzers but also they used in afghanistan 122mm Gvozdika.

Turkish Army very often use 105mm artillery against terroism.
i think most usefull artillery which we use against terrorism is 105mm. Because it is tactical.
But why we shouldnt mobilized them?



8x8 Arma IFV more expensive than T155 FIRTINA?
Advantage of 105mm vehicles.
1)Wheeled vehicles cheaper than tracked. They are simple.
2)Arma weight 15 ton so it doent need more horsepower. Fuel consemption.
3)155mm pwerfull has a big recoill, they have big risks to dameged the mechanical and electronical parts.
4)More quantity of ammo. 90 shell can be loaded.
5) Speed, maneuvrable.

6)Soldier wants to feel in safe. Self propelled gun should be armoured. You shouldnt put the artillery on the pickup.


I am not ordinary for Turkey but I also dont like our MPT caliber:
For USA assault rifle has to be .223win. For USA and Russia which are active fighting in the world best caliber 5,56 or 5,45.
I dont prefer also .308win.

First picture, old M108 105mm. Second modernized??? How they will get 25mm and 40mm?? Very Intersting? 40mm bofors autocannon?? We didnt konow about Turkish modernization projects.??
Great pictures, thanks a lot. I want to be there with this guys and close the M108.
 

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