Indian Army chief defends Modi’s ‘radar’ remark

[mshan44]

Defending Prime Minister Narendra Modi's remarks that clouds can help planes elude radar, Army chief General Bipin Rawat has said that some types of radar cannot see through clouds because of the manner in which it operates.

"There are various kinds of radars working with different technologies. Some have the capacity to see through, some don't have the capacity to see through (clouds)," Rawat said while interacting with the media in Ezhimala on Saturday.

"Some kinds of radar cannot see through clouds because of the manner in which it is operating. Sometimes we can, sometimes we can't," Rawat added.

In a television interview aired recently, Modi had said he used his "raw wisdom" to dispel doubts of defence experts, who wanted the Balakot air strike on February 26 to be deferred due to bad weather.

"The weather was not good on the day of air strike. There was a thought that crept in the minds of the experts that the day of strike should be changed.

"However, I suggested that the clouds could actually help our planes escape the radars," Modi had said while talking about the cross-border strike on terror camps in response to the Pulwama attack that claimed the lives of 40 CRPF personnel.

The prime minister's comment drew widespread ridicule and condemnation from various quarters, including a large number of memes on the social media.

General Rawat, who was in Ezhimala to review the passing-out parade of cadets of the Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard, said that coordinated efforts are being made by various government agencies to tackle cross-border terrorism, he said.

"Through the coordinated efforts of various government agencies, now the NIA has stepped in, the Enforcement Directorate has stepped in and all are trying to ensure financing and funds available to terrorists are cut off," he said.

"We have been able to ensure that the insurgency has been brought under control. Of course in the Kashmir Valley, we have been witnessing ups and downs of insurgencies.

“That's because they got support from our western neighbour. At the same time many (people) are misguided due to a misinformation campaign spread by terrorists. But we have brought the situation under control," he said.

Indian Naval Academy (INA) Commandant Vice Admiral R B Pandit and Director of the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Anurag Kumar, were in attendance at the parade.

The parade also saw 15 female cadets marching shoulder to shoulder with their male counterparts to join the ranks of the Indian Navy, a release issued by the Academy said.There were 10 trainees from various friendly nations, including two each from Maldives, Myanmar and Seychelles, one from Tanzania and three from Sri Lanka.


https://www.nationalheraldindia.com...rk-says-some-radars-cannot-see-through-clouds

 

[Imran Khan]

he also defend the abhi nandan chitrol by kashmiris too ?

 

[Armchair]

Thank Allah I am not Indian, otherwise it would be hard for me to not be ashamed of belonging to such a joke of a country. Radar can't see through clouds LOL.

 

[Zee-shaun]

 

[Maarkhoor]

Defending Prime Minister Narendra Modi's remarks that clouds can help planes elude radar, Army chief General Bipin Rawat has said that some types of radar cannot see through clouds because of the manner in which it operates.

"There are various kinds of radars working with different technologies. Some have the capacity to see through, some don't have the capacity to see through (clouds)," Rawat said while interacting with the media in Ezhimala on Saturday.

"Some kinds of radar cannot see through clouds because of the manner in which it is operating. Sometimes we can, sometimes we can't," Rawat added.

In a television interview aired recently, Modi had said he used his "raw wisdom" to dispel doubts of defence experts, who wanted the Balakot air strike on February 26 to be deferred due to bad weather.

"The weather was not good on the day of air strike. There was a thought that crept in the minds of the experts that the day of strike should be changed.

"However, I suggested that the clouds could actually help our planes escape the radars," Modi had said while talking about the cross-border strike on terror camps in response to the Pulwama attack that claimed the lives of 40 CRPF personnel.

The prime minister's comment drew widespread ridicule and condemnation from various quarters, including a large number of memes on the social media.

General Rawat, who was in Ezhimala to review the passing-out parade of cadets of the Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard, said that coordinated efforts are being made by various government agencies to tackle cross-border terrorism, he said.

"Through the coordinated efforts of various government agencies, now the NIA has stepped in, the Enforcement Directorate has stepped in and all are trying to ensure financing and funds available to terrorists are cut off," he said.

"We have been able to ensure that the insurgency has been brought under control. Of course in the Kashmir Valley, we have been witnessing ups and downs of insurgencies.

“That's because they got support from our western neighbour. At the same time many (people) are misguided due to a misinformation campaign spread by terrorists. But we have brought the situation under control," he said.

Indian Naval Academy (INA) Commandant Vice Admiral R B Pandit and Director of the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Anurag Kumar, were in attendance at the parade.

The parade also saw 15 female cadets marching shoulder to shoulder with their male counterparts to join the ranks of the Indian Navy, a release issued by the Academy said.There were 10 trainees from various friendly nations, including two each from Maldives, Myanmar and Seychelles, one from Tanzania and three from Sri Lanka.


https://www.nationalheraldindia.com...rk-says-some-radars-cannot-see-through-clouds

If Modi says he can hugg (Punjabi word) from his mouth then Zombies who follow Modi will demonstrate the same to prove Modi correct......

 

[Mighty Lion]

He is 100% right.
Cloud does affect radars depending on the frequency band of radar

(QUOTE)
For example, the major bands along with their frequency ranges are L (1-2 GHz), S (2-4 GHz), C (4-8 GHz), X (8-12 GHz), Ku (12-18 GHz), K (18-27 GHz), Ka (27-40 GHz) ,V (40-75 GHz) and W (75-110 GHz) which are used for different applications. The X (8-12 GHz) band is mainly used for military applications like missile guidance. It is called X band as for long, it was a secret band widely used in the second world war. A typical airport surveillance radar, which detects the position of an aircraft in the terminal area operates at 2.7 to 2.9 GHz and 1.03 to 1.09 GHz). It can cover an area of 96 Km at an elevation of 25,000 feet.

Radars operating at such frequencies are not significantly affected by change in weather conditions. However, when the weather conditions are extreme, they can find it hard to detect a fighter aircraft zooming at very high speeds.

A number of researchers have authored papers on the subject of attenuation of radio waves by rain, fog and clouds. A detailed report by Rand Corporation for US Air Force was published way back in 1975. According to it, for a dense cloud, the attenuation of the signal could be 0.1 dB/km for X band radar. It implies signal attenuation by a factor of 10 if the target is 50 Km from the source. The attenuation could increase by a factor of 10 if there is rainfall at the rate of 25 cm/hr.

According to Meneghini et al. (1986), signal attenuation by cloud and precipitation is a serious problem associated with airborne or spaceborne millimetre wave operation. Lhermitte (1990) wrote in the Journal of Atmospheric And Oceanic Technology, that at 15 GHz the attenuation coefficient is 0.12 dB per mm per hour of rain intensity. It implies that if the rain intensity is 1 cm/hr, the attenuation of signal power can be in the range of 1.2 dB or approximately 31%. For a 30 GH z signal, the attenuation under heavy tropic rain could be in the range of 30 dB (a factor of 1,000). Besides rain, lightning-based scattering can also attenuate radar signals over short periods which can open new opportunities for fighter aircraft.

In fact, attenuation of radio waves is widely used in measuring rain intensity and moisture content. Below 1 GHz, the attenuation is not that significant, but heavy rains, clouds and lightning effects can still make some impact on the measurement process. Having said all that, it must be stated that as a pilot in an aircraft also communicates with the ground station using radio waves, the attenuation can also act as a bottleneck in maintaining a seamless communication link with the ground station. That is the reason why a lot of aircraft accidents happen during bad weather.

However, when the target is well defined, the risk can be averted. In a war, a lot of risky decisions need to be made.

To sum up, Modi’s statement does hold strong scientific basis which can be corroborated by existing research on the subject. The X band radar is significantly attenuated by rains, clouds and fog and related climatic conditions. For lower bands, the attenuation is less significant, but in high-speed warfare, slight change in conditions can offer huge leverage.

(The author is a Postdoctoral Associate at MIT. He earned his doctorate from Cambridge University for his work on radio signal sensing using microstructures. He has published papers in the field of electromagnetism and antennas in leading journals like Physical Reviewer Letters, Transactions of the Royal Society and Annalen der Physik.(QUOTE)

 

[valkyr_96]

He is 100% right.
Cloud does affect radars depending on the frequency band of radar

(QUOTE)
For example, the major bands along with their frequency ranges are L (1-2 GHz), S (2-4 GHz), C (4-8 GHz), X (8-12 GHz), Ku (12-18 GHz), K (18-27 GHz), Ka (27-40 GHz) ,V (40-75 GHz) and W (75-110 GHz) which are used for different applications. The X (8-12 GHz) band is mainly used for military applications like missile guidance. It is called X band as for long, it was a secret band widely used in the second world war. A typical airport surveillance radar, which detects the position of an aircraft in the terminal area operates at 2.7 to 2.9 GHz and 1.03 to 1.09 GHz). It can cover an area of 96 Km at an elevation of 25,000 feet.

Radars operating at such frequencies are not significantly affected by change in weather conditions. However, when the weather conditions are extreme, they can find it hard to detect a fighter aircraft zooming at very high speeds.

A number of researchers have authored papers on the subject of attenuation of radio waves by rain, fog and clouds. A detailed report by Rand Corporation for US Air Force was published way back in 1975. According to it, for a dense cloud, the attenuation of the signal could be 0.1 dB/km for X band radar. It implies signal attenuation by a factor of 10 if the target is 50 Km from the source. The attenuation could increase by a factor of 10 if there is rainfall at the rate of 25 cm/hr.

According to Meneghini et al. (1986), signal attenuation by cloud and precipitation is a serious problem associated with airborne or spaceborne millimetre wave operation. Lhermitte (1990) wrote in the Journal of Atmospheric And Oceanic Technology, that at 15 GHz the attenuation coefficient is 0.12 dB per mm per hour of rain intensity. It implies that if the rain intensity is 1 cm/hr, the attenuation of signal power can be in the range of 1.2 dB or approximately 31%. For a 30 GH z signal, the attenuation under heavy tropic rain could be in the range of 30 dB (a factor of 1,000). Besides rain, lightning-based scattering can also attenuate radar signals over short periods which can open new opportunities for fighter aircraft.

In fact, attenuation of radio waves is widely used in measuring rain intensity and moisture content. Below 1 GHz, the attenuation is not that significant, but heavy rains, clouds and lightning effects can still make some impact on the measurement process. Having said all that, it must be stated that as a pilot in an aircraft also communicates with the ground station using radio waves, the attenuation can also act as a bottleneck in maintaining a seamless communication link with the ground station. That is the reason why a lot of aircraft accidents happen during bad weather.

However, when the target is well defined, the risk can be averted. In a war, a lot of risky decisions need to be made.

To sum up, Modi’s statement does hold strong scientific basis which can be corroborated by existing research on the subject. The X band radar is significantly attenuated by rains, clouds and fog and related climatic conditions. For lower bands, the attenuation is less significant, but in high-speed warfare, slight change in conditions can offer huge leverage.

(The author is a Postdoctoral Associate at MIT. He earned his doctorate from Cambridge University for his work on radio signal sensing using microstructures. He has published papers in the field of electromagnetism and antennas in leading journals like Physical Reviewer Letters, Transactions of the Royal Society and Annalen der Physik.(QUOTE)

"...….According to Meneghini et al. (1986), signal attenuation by cloud and precipitation is a serious problem associated with airborne or spaceborne millimetre wave operation...…" This is not 1986 and the planes were detected both during the failed strike and its reply the following morning. It is always nice to read before copy pasting from google search.

 

[PurAzamBaHadaf]

He is 100% right.
Cloud does affect radars depending on the frequency band of radar

(QUOTE)
For example, the major bands along with their frequency ranges are L (1-2 GHz), S (2-4 GHz), C (4-8 GHz), X (8-12 GHz), Ku (12-18 GHz), K (18-27 GHz), Ka (27-40 GHz) ,V (40-75 GHz) and W (75-110 GHz) which are used for different applications. The X (8-12 GHz) band is mainly used for military applications like missile guidance. It is called X band as for long, it was a secret band widely used in the second world war. A typical airport surveillance radar, which detects the position of an aircraft in the terminal area operates at 2.7 to 2.9 GHz and 1.03 to 1.09 GHz). It can cover an area of 96 Km at an elevation of 25,000 feet.

Radars operating at such frequencies are not significantly affected by change in weather conditions. However, when the weather conditions are extreme, they can find it hard to detect a fighter aircraft zooming at very high speeds.

A number of researchers have authored papers on the subject of attenuation of radio waves by rain, fog and clouds. A detailed report by Rand Corporation for US Air Force was published way back in 1975. According to it, for a dense cloud, the attenuation of the signal could be 0.1 dB/km for X band radar. It implies signal attenuation by a factor of 10 if the target is 50 Km from the source. The attenuation could increase by a factor of 10 if there is rainfall at the rate of 25 cm/hr.

According to Meneghini et al. (1986), signal attenuation by cloud and precipitation is a serious problem associated with airborne or spaceborne millimetre wave operation. Lhermitte (1990) wrote in the Journal of Atmospheric And Oceanic Technology, that at 15 GHz the attenuation coefficient is 0.12 dB per mm per hour of rain intensity. It implies that if the rain intensity is 1 cm/hr, the attenuation of signal power can be in the range of 1.2 dB or approximately 31%. For a 30 GH z signal, the attenuation under heavy tropic rain could be in the range of 30 dB (a factor of 1,000). Besides rain, lightning-based scattering can also attenuate radar signals over short periods which can open new opportunities for fighter aircraft.

In fact, attenuation of radio waves is widely used in measuring rain intensity and moisture content. Below 1 GHz, the attenuation is not that significant, but heavy rains, clouds and lightning effects can still make some impact on the measurement process. Having said all that, it must be stated that as a pilot in an aircraft also communicates with the ground station using radio waves, the attenuation can also act as a bottleneck in maintaining a seamless communication link with the ground station. That is the reason why a lot of aircraft accidents happen during bad weather.

However, when the target is well defined, the risk can be averted. In a war, a lot of risky decisions need to be made.

To sum up, Modi’s statement does hold strong scientific basis which can be corroborated by existing research on the subject. The X band radar is significantly attenuated by rains, clouds and fog and related climatic conditions. For lower bands, the attenuation is less significant, but in high-speed warfare, slight change in conditions can offer huge leverage.

(The author is a Postdoctoral Associate at MIT. He earned his doctorate from Cambridge University for his work on radio signal sensing using microstructures. He has published papers in the field of electromagnetism and antennas in leading journals like Physical Reviewer Letters, Transactions of the Royal Society and Annalen der Physik.(QUOTE)

Perhaps some radars can't but Pakistan isn't Ghaza or any 3rd nation. Of course Indians will defend Modi but let's just admit, man made a mockery of himself.

"...….According to Meneghini et al. (1986), signal attenuation by cloud and precipitation is a serious problem associated with airborne or spaceborne millimetre wave operation...…" This is not 1986 and the planes were detected both during the failed strike and its reply the following morning. It is always nice to read before copy pasting from google search.

Indians are advanced bro, their PM had a digital camera in late 1980s and even internet lol. No point giving them facts.

 

[ColonelSanders]

He is 100% right.
Cloud does affect radars depending on the frequency band of radar

(QUOTE)
For example, the major bands along with their frequency ranges are L (1-2 GHz), S (2-4 GHz), C (4-8 GHz), X (8-12 GHz), Ku (12-18 GHz), K (18-27 GHz), Ka (27-40 GHz) ,V (40-75 GHz) and W (75-110 GHz) which are used for different applications. The X (8-12 GHz) band is mainly used for military applications like missile guidance. It is called X band as for long, it was a secret band widely used in the second world war. A typical airport surveillance radar, which detects the position of an aircraft in the terminal area operates at 2.7 to 2.9 GHz and 1.03 to 1.09 GHz). It can cover an area of 96 Km at an elevation of 25,000 feet.

Radars operating at such frequencies are not significantly affected by change in weather conditions. However, when the weather conditions are extreme, they can find it hard to detect a fighter aircraft zooming at very high speeds.

A number of researchers have authored papers on the subject of attenuation of radio waves by rain, fog and clouds. A detailed report by Rand Corporation for US Air Force was published way back in 1975. According to it, for a dense cloud, the attenuation of the signal could be 0.1 dB/km for X band radar. It implies signal attenuation by a factor of 10 if the target is 50 Km from the source. The attenuation could increase by a factor of 10 if there is rainfall at the rate of 25 cm/hr.

According to Meneghini et al. (1986), signal attenuation by cloud and precipitation is a serious problem associated with airborne or spaceborne millimetre wave operation. Lhermitte (1990) wrote in the Journal of Atmospheric And Oceanic Technology, that at 15 GHz the attenuation coefficient is 0.12 dB per mm per hour of rain intensity. It implies that if the rain intensity is 1 cm/hr, the attenuation of signal power can be in the range of 1.2 dB or approximately 31%. For a 30 GH z signal, the attenuation under heavy tropic rain could be in the range of 30 dB (a factor of 1,000). Besides rain, lightning-based scattering can also attenuate radar signals over short periods which can open new opportunities for fighter aircraft.

In fact, attenuation of radio waves is widely used in measuring rain intensity and moisture content. Below 1 GHz, the attenuation is not that significant, but heavy rains, clouds and lightning effects can still make some impact on the measurement process. Having said all that, it must be stated that as a pilot in an aircraft also communicates with the ground station using radio waves, the attenuation can also act as a bottleneck in maintaining a seamless communication link with the ground station. That is the reason why a lot of aircraft accidents happen during bad weather.

However, when the target is well defined, the risk can be averted. In a war, a lot of risky decisions need to be made.

To sum up, Modi’s statement does hold strong scientific basis which can be corroborated by existing research on the subject. The X band radar is significantly attenuated by rains, clouds and fog and related climatic conditions. For lower bands, the attenuation is less significant, but in high-speed warfare, slight change in conditions can offer huge leverage.

(The author is a Postdoctoral Associate at MIT. He earned his doctorate from Cambridge University for his work on radio signal sensing using microstructures. He has published papers in the field of electromagnetism and antennas in leading journals like Physical Reviewer Letters, Transactions of the Royal Society and Annalen der Physik.(QUOTE)

And i have x-rays eyes. I can see through all this crap that you are an idiot

 

[Lincoln]

He is 100% right.
Cloud does affect radars depending on the frequency band of radar

(QUOTE)
For example, the major bands along with their frequency ranges are L (1-2 GHz), S (2-4 GHz), C (4-8 GHz), X (8-12 GHz), Ku (12-18 GHz), K (18-27 GHz), Ka (27-40 GHz) ,V (40-75 GHz) and W (75-110 GHz) which are used for different applications. The X (8-12 GHz) band is mainly used for military applications like missile guidance. It is called X band as for long, it was a secret band widely used in the second world war. A typical airport surveillance radar, which detects the position of an aircraft in the terminal area operates at 2.7 to 2.9 GHz and 1.03 to 1.09 GHz). It can cover an area of 96 Km at an elevation of 25,000 feet.

Radars operating at such frequencies are not significantly affected by change in weather conditions. However, when the weather conditions are extreme, they can find it hard to detect a fighter aircraft zooming at very high speeds.

A number of researchers have authored papers on the subject of attenuation of radio waves by rain, fog and clouds. A detailed report by Rand Corporation for US Air Force was published way back in 1975. According to it, for a dense cloud, the attenuation of the signal could be 0.1 dB/km for X band radar. It implies signal attenuation by a factor of 10 if the target is 50 Km from the source. The attenuation could increase by a factor of 10 if there is rainfall at the rate of 25 cm/hr.

According to Meneghini et al. (1986), signal attenuation by cloud and precipitation is a serious problem associated with airborne or spaceborne millimetre wave operation. Lhermitte (1990) wrote in the Journal of Atmospheric And Oceanic Technology, that at 15 GHz the attenuation coefficient is 0.12 dB per mm per hour of rain intensity. It implies that if the rain intensity is 1 cm/hr, the attenuation of signal power can be in the range of 1.2 dB or approximately 31%. For a 30 GH z signal, the attenuation under heavy tropic rain could be in the range of 30 dB (a factor of 1,000). Besides rain, lightning-based scattering can also attenuate radar signals over short periods which can open new opportunities for fighter aircraft.

In fact, attenuation of radio waves is widely used in measuring rain intensity and moisture content. Below 1 GHz, the attenuation is not that significant, but heavy rains, clouds and lightning effects can still make some impact on the measurement process. Having said all that, it must be stated that as a pilot in an aircraft also communicates with the ground station using radio waves, the attenuation can also act as a bottleneck in maintaining a seamless communication link with the ground station. That is the reason why a lot of aircraft accidents happen during bad weather.

However, when the target is well defined, the risk can be averted. In a war, a lot of risky decisions need to be made.

To sum up, Modi’s statement does hold strong scientific basis which can be corroborated by existing research on the subject. The X band radar is significantly attenuated by rains, clouds and fog and related climatic conditions. For lower bands, the attenuation is less significant, but in high-speed warfare, slight change in conditions can offer huge leverage.

(The author is a Postdoctoral Associate at MIT. He earned his doctorate from Cambridge University for his work on radio signal sensing using microstructures. He has published papers in the field of electromagnetism and antennas in leading journals like Physical Reviewer Letters, Transactions of the Royal Society and Annalen der Physik.(QUOTE)

Congrats on making a complete mockery out of those research papers and radars. Maybe if you used your brains more than searching for keywords on Google Scholars, you wouldn't look like a complete idiot.

 

[Lincoln]

"...….According to Meneghini et al. (1986), signal attenuation by cloud and precipitation is a serious problem associated with airborne or spaceborne millimetre wave operation...…" This is not 1986 and the planes were detected both during the failed strike and its reply the following morning. It is always nice to read before copy pasting from google search.

The article isn't wrong per say. I am not an expert in radars neither do I have any degree in Communications but what I do know is that military radars, although impeded by clouds, can penetrate through, the attenuation is never significant enough in clouds. Even if it's rainy, it will barely make a difference. What will make a difference is if the weather is very extreme as the article states, so like a storm or very heavy rainfall, and not "clouds."

How do I know? Very simple, if civilian radars can operate like this, to the extent where Flights are only cancelled in extreme whether conditions, then you can be sure as hell military radars are much more capable.

The author is, by the way, also an Indian if that speaks anything about his credibility.

What's funny though is now every Indian is copying pasting the same thing everywhere. Its unbelievable. What else to expect from people who can even make excuses for Modi spelling Strength as "Strenh" infront of international leaders.

 

[namefield_empty]

And i have x-rays eyes. I can see through all this crap that you are an idiot

And i can gaze into your soul!. You are a victim of the circumstances.

 

[Sugarcane]

"...….According to Meneghini et al. (1986), signal attenuation by cloud and precipitation is a serious problem associated with airborne or spaceborne millimetre wave operation...…" This is not 1986 and the planes were detected both during the failed strike and its reply the following morning. It is always nice to read before copy pasting from google search.

1986 is yesterday, Bhakts haven't started to quote Hindu Mythology yet to prove that you can hide from radars by flying in clouds.

 

[ColonelSanders]

And i can gaze into your soul!. You are a victim of the circumstances.

Gaze into a mirror .... That may tell you something that you never noticed about yourself before

 

[SIPRA]

1986 is yesterday, Bhakts haven't started to quote Hindu Mythology yet to prove that you can hide from radars by flying in clouds.

It's time for a new epic "Modiyana", which would be written in next 5 years. All these things, like clouds obstructing radars, surgical strikes, shooting enemy planes without using missiles, and similar concepts, would be part of that new scripture.