Which was destroyed during the era of Prophet Noah (PBUH)? The Kaaba that is built by Prophet Adam (PBUH) is not the one we see in Makkah. That was destroyed during the era of Prophet Noah (PBUH).
The one we see, Monotheism Makkah, is built by bare hands of Prophet Ibrahim and his elder son, Ishmail (PBUTA). Then, revived by the family lineage, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) after Makkah was filled with idols after civilizations from all kind of tribes settled in Makkah later.
You have to look at the regions. Judaism and Christianity appeared in the most populated regions like Jerusalem, Egypt, and more in the middle. Many Prophets were sent there. That was the generation of Prophet Isaac (PBUH), second son of Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH). Judaism and Christianity recorded only Prophet Isaac and more Prophets that came afterward like many Prophets; Prophet Moses and his brother, Harun, Jesus [son of Virgin Mother Mary (R.A)], David and his son Suleiman, Zecharia and his son John, from the family lineage of Prophet Ibrahim and his second son, Isaac (PBUTA) in those populated regions that were not barren, and water everywhere. That's why the information on Prophet Ishmail (PBUH) is limited since he emigrated to Arab side, not Jerusalem/Egypt/somewhere close.
Whereas after Prophet Ishmail (PBUH), his family lineage aka Ishmailites tribes carried on. No Prophet was sent after Ishmail (PBUH) until Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in Arab regions. In the barren land with no water stream and no sign of civilization, only two Prophets were sent there; Prophet Ishmail and Prophet Muhammad from the family lineage of Prophet Ishmail (PBUTA). Hence not much to discuss though.
The bottom line is that you have two sons of Prophet Ibrahim (PBUTA). One that emigrated to Jewish dominated regions hence Judaism, Christianity,...etc. One that emigrated to Arab lands, hence Ishmailites tribes [Monotheism] and Islam. Of course, no mention of Prophet Ishmail (PBUH) who emigrated to Arab regions , not Jewish dominated regions.