Mr Sharif’s moment
Yasser Latif Hamdani
We are told that our Prime Minister-elect, Mr Muhammad Nawaz Sharif has matured as a statesman. One certainly hopes he has. Unfortunately though for a certain group of liberals, maturity of a statesman is only judged on the touchstone of his views towards India. It goes without saying that as a business-friendly politician, Mr Sharif realises that for Pakistan to fulfil its destiny as a vehicle of change for its citizens, a great many of whom are Muslims, peace with India is an irreducible minimum. This realisation was there in 1997-1999 as well and yet despite Mr Sharif’s many good intentions, Pakistan got embroiled in a limited war against India.
Around the same time, Mr Sharif tried to install himself as a theocratic dictator through the notorious 15th Amendment. The 15th Amendment, for those with short memories, stated: “The Federal Government shall be under an obligation to take steps to enforce the Shariah, to establish salat, to administer zakat, to promote amr bil ma’ruf and nahi anil munkar (to prescribe what is right and to forbid what is wrong), to eradicate corruption at all levels and to provide substantial socio-economic justice, in accordance with the principles of Islam, as laid down in the Holy Quran and Sunnah.”
What is wrong with that, you wonder? After all, Mr Sharif had the two-thirds majority to amend the constitution. Well consider the facts: Pakistan is a Muslim majority state where Islam as a major cultural signifier is a fact that is incontrovertible. On top of that the Constitution of 1973 establishes Islam as the state religion of Pakistan. The constitution of 1973 also contains the repugnancy clause that makes any legislation repugnant to the Quran and Sunnah unconstitutional. As if that was not enough, the institution of the Federal Shariat Court was created to determine whether or not a law contravened the Quran and Sunnah. The constitutional provision was introduced to bypass parliament altogether and give the executive — led by Prime Minister Sharif — the power to interpret and impose Sharia as he pleased.
Coming back to India, hostility towards India is the consequence of a deeper internal conflict in Pakistan regarding identity as much as India’s psychological inability to accept the existence of Pakistan as a legitimate legal entity. Unless and until there is the political will on the part of Pakistan’s leadership to resolve this internal identity conflict, Pakistan will continue to take one step forward two steps backward on every issue. First and foremost — as I have repeatedly argued — this requires clarity on Pakistan’s founding myth, which was largely invented post hoc. All nation states are created by either conquest, a fission or a fusion, or as a consequence of power sharing or failure thereof. Pakistan was the result of the failure of two representative political parties representing two major peoples of the subcontinent (though one of them claimed to represent both peoples but in actual reality represented just one people) to agree on a power sharing formula. That is it. Pakistan was not created in the name of Islam and the existence of Pakistan certainly does not mean — and should not mean — a perpetual conflict in South Asia.
Yet perpetual conflict is precisely what we have been poisoning our young minds with through our state curricula. Our Pakistan Studies and history syllabi spin a most woeful tale of collective Muslim victimhood, which would, suffice it to say, not win any awards for subtlety. Mind you, every nation state wants a national myth for cohesion but must our national myth be so contradictory, unbelievable and blatantly false? Even the teaching of religion in the classroom is done not with the angle of enjoining people to do good deeds and living more honest lives. A deliberately narrow picture of Islam is presented by our textbooks that overlooks the eternal humanism of the great faith. Is it any wonder then that the state educational system produces the kind of brainwashed and delusional Zaid Hamid clones?
If the Prime Minister-elect is serious about making Pakistan a prosperous and economically strong nation, he would have to drag the national psyche, starting with the educational curricula in Punjab and the Centre where the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz has an absolute majority, out of the self-destruct siege mentality. Pakistan does not need an anti-India and exclusionary narrative to justify its existence. Unless the Prime Minister-elect embraces this simple logic, it would be very hard for even someone who apparently has some credibility with the religious right to drag along the ultranationalists and latter day uncles of Islamic ideology to peace with India, regional cooperation and a mutually beneficial future for both Pakistan and India.
As Nawaz Sharif takes office, a simple citizen of Pakistan can only hope that Nawaz Sharif of 2013 has learnt from the mistakes of the past. The time has come for Mr Sharif to play the role of a global statesman, who will not only turnaround an ailing economy but will, through steady guidance at the helm, ensure that the sapling of civilian democratic rule now grows into a full blown tree. He, therefore, can ill afford constitutional adventurism of the 15th Amendment type. Instead he needs to lead a nation with tact and resolve in putting down the revolver it has been holding to its head. Is he up to the task? Only time will tell.
The writer is a lawyer based in Lahore and the author of the book Jinnah: Myth and Reality