Harappan treasure trove unlocked
- Thread starter Yeti
- Start date
jbond197
SENIOR MEMBER
- Joined
- Feb 28, 2010
- Messages
- 7,300
- Reaction score
- -20
- Country
- Location
If not for British archaeologists, the Harappa and Mohenjodaro would have not seen the light in today's Pakistan..
And Pakistanis living in wet dreams, could you name one Archeologist/Historian who call IVC as Pakistani?
Name one, only one.. Obviously non Pakistani..
And Pakistanis living in wet dreams, could you name one Archeologist/Historian who call IVC as Pakistani?
Name one, only one.. Obviously non Pakistani..
Let me expand hindus are people from the valley of indus. So now indus is in pakistan. So pakistanis are hindus. Pakistan should be renamed hindustan. We are just some left over bread crumb hindus in india.
Icewolf
ELITE MEMBER
- Joined
- Jan 28, 2012
- Messages
- 10,503
- Reaction score
- -11
- Country
- Location
Let me expand hindus are people from the valley of indus. So now indus is in pakistan. So pakistanis are hindus. Pakistan should be renamed hindustan. We are just some left over bread crumb hindus in india.
Nah - Hindustan is the name Mughals gave India, we'd rather call ourselves... Hm... Pakistan.
And besides, right said you are just crumbs of the Indus River Civilization.
Yeti
BANNED
- Joined
- Nov 26, 2010
- Messages
- 7,400
- Reaction score
- -7
- Country
- Location
Word 'Hindu' is nothing but a geographic name it is not even used in any Vedic text
Pashupati - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pashupati (Sanskrit: पशुपति Paśupati), "Lord of all animals", is an epithet of the Hindu god Shiva.[1] In Vedic times it was used as an epithet of Rudra.[2] The Rigveda has the related pashupa "protector of animals" as a name of Pushan. The name has also been applied, by Sir John Marshall, to a figure, probably a deity, depicted as sitting among animals, bearing a strong identical resemblance to modern day Shiva, on a seal discovered in the context of the Indus Valley Civilization[3] .The Pashupatinath Temple is a important Hindu shrine located in Nepal.
Pashupati - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pashupati (Sanskrit: पशुपति Paśupati), "Lord of all animals", is an epithet of the Hindu god Shiva.[1] In Vedic times it was used as an epithet of Rudra.[2] The Rigveda has the related pashupa "protector of animals" as a name of Pushan. The name has also been applied, by Sir John Marshall, to a figure, probably a deity, depicted as sitting among animals, bearing a strong identical resemblance to modern day Shiva, on a seal discovered in the context of the Indus Valley Civilization[3] .The Pashupatinath Temple is a important Hindu shrine located in Nepal.
jbond197
SENIOR MEMBER
- Joined
- Feb 28, 2010
- Messages
- 7,300
- Reaction score
- -20
- Country
- Location
Khirsara in Gujarat emerges prominent mature Harappan site
After three years of extensive excavation by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), Khirsara has emerged as the prominent mature Harappan site in western Kutch, showing how advance the trade from this part of Gujarat used to be around 4,600 years ago.
"Khirsara has emerged as one of the most prominent mature Harappan settlements in Western Kutch. Earlier, Dholavira and Junikuren had emerged as prominent Harappan sites in Kutch," ASI's Superintendent Archaeologist, Vadodara, Dr Jitendra Nath said.
"The evidences found over last 3 years of excavation there show how advance trade used to be from this part of Gujarat around 4,600 years ago," he said.
Khirsara lies about 85 km Northwest of Bhuj on the Bhuj-Narayan Sarover State Highway. The site is locally known as 'Gadhwali Wadi' and is located on the south-eastern outskirts of the present village overlooking river Khari.
"The prime reason for Harappans to settle at Khirsara was perhaps the availability and easy accessibility to raw materials and minerals in the vicinity," Nath said.
"Khirsara produced a variety of objects for export such as various types of beads of semiprecious stones, steatite and gold, shell bangles, inlays etc," he said.
Discovery of a large number of drill bits and shells indicates that these items were meant for export, the officer said.
During excavation, we have discovered a unique warehouse, a factory site, a citadel, seals, antiquities from the Indus Valley settlement at Khirsara, which is fortified and measures roughly about 310 x 230 metres, Nath said.
The super structure of warehouse seems to have been made of perishable items like wood or wattle and daub. The space in between the parallel walls might have served as a duct for circulation of fresh air to protect the stored material, he said.
The Harappan civilisation is sometimes called the Mature Harappan culture to distinguish it from earlier and later cultures existed in the same area of the Harappan Civilisation.
Khirsara's close proximity with river Khari might certainly have supported the maritime trading activities of its inhabitants, Nath said.
The citadel, a fortress overlooking a city or perhaps protecting a town, shows fortification and re-fortification which scholars reason that elite clan might have lived there. The rooms found there show finer structure, he said.
The factory site discovered during excavation had several products showing that it was utilised for manufacturing activity.
The presence of big furnaces, tandoor, storage jars, small water tanks and discovery of a hoard of gold beads, semi-precious and steatite beads, copper implements, seals, weights, shell objects and debitage indicate that this area (factory site) was once utilised for manufacturing activity, he said.
"Amongst prominent antiquities we have found 25-26 pieces of disk type gold beads from the factory site there. The gold beads are of disk type, globular and tubular," Nath said.
A variety of seals which include square, rectangular and bar types made of steatite, soap stone and sand stone have been discovered at Khirsara.
The bar type seals bear Harappan character only whereas the two rectangular seals represent figurines of unicorn and bison on the obverse, Nath said.
The analysis of botanical remains done by the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow reveals that the carbon dates for samples collected from the site fall in the range of 2600-2200 BC approximately, which is roughly 4,600 years old, Nath said.
Khirsara was first reported by the Department of Archaeology, Gujarat government in 1969-70. The site was revisited by a team of Excavation Branch of ASI Vadodara in July 2009 for a survey during which they observed a variety of Harappa artefacts and carried out further digging.
Gujarat exported jewellery to Harappan cities
AHMEDABAD: A large quantity of seals and beads used in making jewellery during the Harappan civilisation were recently found at Kanmer near Bhachau. The archaeology experts in the state were elated as the discovery proved that Kutch region those days had a production capacity and also a trade link with other parts of India and world, like Himalayan regions and parts of Pakistan, where similar beads have been found.
Studies taken up by state and central archaeology institutes have also shown a trade route covering central Asia, Himalayan areas and Gujarat.
A research paper on the economy of Harappan civilisation and development of smaller centres published in a British journal this month shows how the civilisation spread from Gujarat plains to Himalayan regions and parts of Pakistan in Indus-Saraswati river valley. The research was carried out jointly by YS Rawat, director of State Department of Archaeology; DP Agarwal of Lok Vigyan Kendra, Almora; JS Kharakwal, department of archaeology, Rajasthan Vidhyapeeth, Udaipur; and T Osada, Institute of Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan.
The paper also tries to define the specific regions producing items of trade. According to the researchers, the flourishing ports gave a huge boost to the region's development.
"Since the very beginning of Harappan civilisation, procurement and distribution of natural resources was a focal point of the people. Due to geographical distances, it led to development of small and medium-sized towns on the route that took shape of accepted trade highways," said Rawat.
"The Harappan elite needed ornaments made of gold, silver, agate, chalcedony, steatite, copper, shell, lapis lazuli and sodalite, many of which were taken from Gujarat to areas in northern Himalayan region. The requirements led to development of sites like Makran, Surkotada, Bagasara, Dholavira, Kuntasi, Kanmer and Shikarpur in Gujarat," said Rawat.
According to archaeology experts, various artefacts found in Himalayan and sub-Himalayan regions such as Manda (Jammu), Kotla Nihang and Ropar (Punjab), and Kashipur in Kumaon region are believed to have been manufactured in Gujarat.
"Most importantly, jewellery made of semi-precious stones, clay capsules and shells were the main items of trade from Gujarat. Agate also formed a large part of export from this state," said Rawat.
In Gujarat, sites like Kanmer yielded a large amount of bead-making material as more than 20,000 steatite beads were found at an excavation site in the area, indicating their industrial importance.
"Several small sites in Gujarat like Surkotada, Desalpur, Gola Dhoro, Kuntasi, Rajpipla, Kanmer and Shikarpur have disproportionately large fortifications compared to their settlement size. Such massive expenditure of energy and material on fortifications could be justified for economic protection," said Rawat.
After three years of extensive excavation by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), Khirsara has emerged as the prominent mature Harappan site in western Kutch, showing how advance the trade from this part of Gujarat used to be around 4,600 years ago.
"Khirsara has emerged as one of the most prominent mature Harappan settlements in Western Kutch. Earlier, Dholavira and Junikuren had emerged as prominent Harappan sites in Kutch," ASI's Superintendent Archaeologist, Vadodara, Dr Jitendra Nath said.
"The evidences found over last 3 years of excavation there show how advance trade used to be from this part of Gujarat around 4,600 years ago," he said.
Khirsara lies about 85 km Northwest of Bhuj on the Bhuj-Narayan Sarover State Highway. The site is locally known as 'Gadhwali Wadi' and is located on the south-eastern outskirts of the present village overlooking river Khari.
"The prime reason for Harappans to settle at Khirsara was perhaps the availability and easy accessibility to raw materials and minerals in the vicinity," Nath said.
"Khirsara produced a variety of objects for export such as various types of beads of semiprecious stones, steatite and gold, shell bangles, inlays etc," he said.
Discovery of a large number of drill bits and shells indicates that these items were meant for export, the officer said.
During excavation, we have discovered a unique warehouse, a factory site, a citadel, seals, antiquities from the Indus Valley settlement at Khirsara, which is fortified and measures roughly about 310 x 230 metres, Nath said.
The super structure of warehouse seems to have been made of perishable items like wood or wattle and daub. The space in between the parallel walls might have served as a duct for circulation of fresh air to protect the stored material, he said.
The Harappan civilisation is sometimes called the Mature Harappan culture to distinguish it from earlier and later cultures existed in the same area of the Harappan Civilisation.
Khirsara's close proximity with river Khari might certainly have supported the maritime trading activities of its inhabitants, Nath said.
The citadel, a fortress overlooking a city or perhaps protecting a town, shows fortification and re-fortification which scholars reason that elite clan might have lived there. The rooms found there show finer structure, he said.
The factory site discovered during excavation had several products showing that it was utilised for manufacturing activity.
The presence of big furnaces, tandoor, storage jars, small water tanks and discovery of a hoard of gold beads, semi-precious and steatite beads, copper implements, seals, weights, shell objects and debitage indicate that this area (factory site) was once utilised for manufacturing activity, he said.
"Amongst prominent antiquities we have found 25-26 pieces of disk type gold beads from the factory site there. The gold beads are of disk type, globular and tubular," Nath said.
A variety of seals which include square, rectangular and bar types made of steatite, soap stone and sand stone have been discovered at Khirsara.
The bar type seals bear Harappan character only whereas the two rectangular seals represent figurines of unicorn and bison on the obverse, Nath said.
The analysis of botanical remains done by the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow reveals that the carbon dates for samples collected from the site fall in the range of 2600-2200 BC approximately, which is roughly 4,600 years old, Nath said.
Khirsara was first reported by the Department of Archaeology, Gujarat government in 1969-70. The site was revisited by a team of Excavation Branch of ASI Vadodara in July 2009 for a survey during which they observed a variety of Harappa artefacts and carried out further digging.
Gujarat exported jewellery to Harappan cities
AHMEDABAD: A large quantity of seals and beads used in making jewellery during the Harappan civilisation were recently found at Kanmer near Bhachau. The archaeology experts in the state were elated as the discovery proved that Kutch region those days had a production capacity and also a trade link with other parts of India and world, like Himalayan regions and parts of Pakistan, where similar beads have been found.
Studies taken up by state and central archaeology institutes have also shown a trade route covering central Asia, Himalayan areas and Gujarat.
A research paper on the economy of Harappan civilisation and development of smaller centres published in a British journal this month shows how the civilisation spread from Gujarat plains to Himalayan regions and parts of Pakistan in Indus-Saraswati river valley. The research was carried out jointly by YS Rawat, director of State Department of Archaeology; DP Agarwal of Lok Vigyan Kendra, Almora; JS Kharakwal, department of archaeology, Rajasthan Vidhyapeeth, Udaipur; and T Osada, Institute of Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan.
The paper also tries to define the specific regions producing items of trade. According to the researchers, the flourishing ports gave a huge boost to the region's development.
"Since the very beginning of Harappan civilisation, procurement and distribution of natural resources was a focal point of the people. Due to geographical distances, it led to development of small and medium-sized towns on the route that took shape of accepted trade highways," said Rawat.
"The Harappan elite needed ornaments made of gold, silver, agate, chalcedony, steatite, copper, shell, lapis lazuli and sodalite, many of which were taken from Gujarat to areas in northern Himalayan region. The requirements led to development of sites like Makran, Surkotada, Bagasara, Dholavira, Kuntasi, Kanmer and Shikarpur in Gujarat," said Rawat.
According to archaeology experts, various artefacts found in Himalayan and sub-Himalayan regions such as Manda (Jammu), Kotla Nihang and Ropar (Punjab), and Kashipur in Kumaon region are believed to have been manufactured in Gujarat.
"Most importantly, jewellery made of semi-precious stones, clay capsules and shells were the main items of trade from Gujarat. Agate also formed a large part of export from this state," said Rawat.
In Gujarat, sites like Kanmer yielded a large amount of bead-making material as more than 20,000 steatite beads were found at an excavation site in the area, indicating their industrial importance.
"Several small sites in Gujarat like Surkotada, Desalpur, Gola Dhoro, Kuntasi, Rajpipla, Kanmer and Shikarpur have disproportionately large fortifications compared to their settlement size. Such massive expenditure of energy and material on fortifications could be justified for economic protection," said Rawat.
Just out of curiosity, how do you spell your moron? Besides you should be the last person correcting spelling mistakes here, Mr Togather
jaunty
SENIOR MEMBER
- Joined
- Aug 1, 2009
- Messages
- 6,566
- Reaction score
- -9
- Country
- Location
Just out of curiosity, how do you spell your moron? Besides you should be the last person correcting spelling mistakes here, Mr Togather
I guess he was talking about the Sarasvati/Saraswati spelling. Both are correct in general, but the river is known as Sarasvati AFAIK.
SamantK
SENIOR MEMBER
- Joined
- Jan 27, 2012
- Messages
- 5,559
- Reaction score
- -13
- Country
- Location
and I have always wondered how the bread crumbs kept lying there for thousands of years...
takeiteasy
SENIOR MEMBER
- Joined
- Dec 22, 2010
- Messages
- 3,000
- Reaction score
- 4
- Country
- Location
Yeah nah, pretty sure he was correcting the spelling of "moron", cause apparently thats now how you spell it
Indus Pakistan
BANNED
- Joined
- May 7, 2012
- Messages
- 20,487
- Reaction score
- 182
- Country
- Location
Have you ever heard of the late Prof. Ahmad Hasan Dhani and is not some third rate European hippie triapsing around India doing some archeaology on the side to pay for his alternative lifestle of 'self discovery through eastern religions'.
Pakistan, the Indus land, is the child of the Indus in the same way as Egypt is the gift of Nile
History Through The Centuries
Ahmad Hasan Dani - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Obituary: Ahmad Hasan Dani | Science | The Guardian
In Memoriam
Some question and answers; Prof. Dhani interview
http://www.harappa.com/script/danitext.html
What is surprising about you guy's is I am always equated with "Madrasa" although the truth is I have never seen the inside of them let alone study in one. I would happily raze them all into the ground. I am secularist in the Kemalist tradition. I alway's avoid as much as possible bringing religion into anything. I think if you read my posts that becomes quite apparent.
However what seems somewhat surprising is how guy's who tout India as a 'citadel of secularism' keep bringing bloody religion into things. I will never use Islamic scripture to reinforce anything. Religion is at best contrived human myth yet you guy's keep bringing up religious text with nauseating frequency. So do me a favour keep religious clap trap out, be it Islamic, Christian, Jewish, Hindu etc. These are matters of faith and do not rest comfortably with fact and scientific enquiry.
Now before you jump on the 'Sarawasti' .................. It does not require scripture or NASA. The dry riverbed of the Hakra-Gaggar gives clues to the possibility of a perennial river in the past. It can be seen on Google Earth or even US Army Maps 1951 series. So no you have not hit some golden lode here. If this river indeed was perennial in the past, guess what? For the most part of it still flows in Pakistan. The course is Indian Punjab -> Pakistan Punjab -> Sindh, Pakistan-> Arabian Sea. At best it is just another river in the Indus Valley.
Harrapa or Mohenjo Daro remain next to Ravi River and Indus River respectively. So sorry no cataclysmic change there.
A1Kaid
PDF THINK TANK: ANALYST
- Joined
- Oct 20, 2008
- Messages
- 9,667
- Reaction score
- 8
- Country
- Location
God damn Indian stop trying to leech off of ancestral history of modern day Pakistani people. You Hindustanis and your hundred plus ethnicities have little or nothing to do with IVC. No one gives a damn what your Vedas wrote or what they called a certain river. Point is that history does not belong to you, you history is that you are the descendants of Ganghes river tribes.
You always create these threads, because of your obsession to leech off of ancestral history of modern day Pakistanis, give it up your threads won't change the reality.
You always create these threads, because of your obsession to leech off of ancestral history of modern day Pakistanis, give it up your threads won't change the reality.
Similar threads
- Locked
Latest posts
-
-
-
-
-
5 Israeli soldiers dead and 50 injured in Tel Aviv ramming attack.
- Latest: AbdulQadir7
Pakistan Affairs Latest Posts
-
-
-
Bajwa calls Bushra's allegations against Saudi Arabia 'baseless'
- Latest: Novus ordu seclorum
-
-
