KediKesenFare3
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October 29th 1923: Turkey proclaimed a Republic
On this day in 1923, Turkey was formally proclaimed a Republic by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. The Turkish state emerged from the Ottoman Empire, which, after its defeat in World War One, was forced to accept dramatic redesign and occupation by the victorious allies. The Greek occupation of Izmir prompted the establishment of a national resistance movement, led by Atatürk. Atatürk launched a War of Independence to secure the nation’s liberation, establishing a Grand National Assembly in 1920. The bloody war with Greece, which had seen horrific levels of violence such as the Great Fire of Smyrna, ended with the recapture of Izmir. Peace was secured by the Treaty of Lausanne, which was accompanied by a population exchange programme between Greece and Turkey which saw one of the largest forced migrations in history. The way was thus set for an independent Turkish Republic, which Atatürk proclaimed on October 29th 1923. The Grand National Assembly then elected the national hero, Atatürk, as the first President of the Republic of Turkey.
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