Foreign assistance in China's Nuclear missile and Reactors

[imran iqbal]

http://www.wisconsinproject.org/pubs/editorials/1999/china-notsteal.html

Americans are right to be outraged that a suspected Chinese spy may have stolen the computer codes for the entire United States nuclear arsenal. But the loss of this data is only half the story. The other half is about hardware.

Even after stealing the plan for an advanced warhead, one would need high-performance equipment to manufacture and test its precision parts. Sadly, China is getting those machines from the United States-and it doesn't even have to steal them.

A study we recently completed shows that the Commerce Department approved more than $15 billion worth of strategically sensitive exports to China in the last decade. Although supposedly intended for civilian purposes, the department's records show that much of this "dual-use" equipment went directly to nuclear, missile and military sites, the vertebrae of China's strategic backbone.

And unbeknownst to the American suppliers, several of these Chinese companies later sold nuclear and other military equipment to Iran and Pakistan, according to American intelligence reports and news accounts.

More than half of the $15 billion in exports consisted of computers. China had been denied access to high-performance computers until President Clinton loosened computer controls in 1996, after strenuous lobbying by his political supporters in Silicon Valley. Then a flood of computer exports began.

By now China has imported about 400 high-performance machines, just what would be needed to process the American nuclear codes and simulate the workings of our arsenal. Although China has insisted that these computers were imported for civilian uses, it has refused virtually all requests to let United States officials see what the machines are really doing.

In all, the military and strategic value of what China got from the Commerce Department was at least as great as what it may have gotten from spies. Consider the following:


The state-owned China National Nuclear Corporation was allowed to buy equipment useful for uranium prospecting made by International Imaging Systems, a California company. China National Nuclear then helped Iran prospect for uranium that American intelligence officials believe will be used in making nuclear weapons.

The state-owned China Precision Machinery Import-Export Corporation, which manufactures China's newest anti-ship cruise missiles, was allowed to buy a computer system that is useful for simulating wind effects. Not only did these missiles strengthen the Chinese military, but the company has also exported some to Iran, where, according to the United States naval commander in the Persian Gulf, they threaten our personnel.

The Chinese Academy of Sciences was allowed to buy equipment from the Convex Computer Corporation (which has since been bought by Hewlett-Packard) for processing data from an experimental fusion reactor. The academy then exported the reactor to Iran, where it is used for training nuclear scientists.

American equipment was approved for export to the National University of Defense Technology, which helps the People's Liberation Army design advanced weapons; the University of Electronic Science and Technology, which helps develop stealth aircraft and advanced military radar, and the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, which helps develop missiles and specializes in guidance, navigation and flight dynamics.

In the decade we studied, American companies were also licensed to sell China a great deal of noncomputer equipment that could be used for weaponry.

This included $241 million worth of machinery for making special semiconductors that can go into missiles, torpedoes, smart munitions, fuses and secure communications equipment; $131 million worth of highspeed oscilloscopes, which can record data from nuclear weapon tests, help design nuclear weapon firing circuits and develop missile guidance systems; $111 million worth of high-accuracy machine tools that can produce the precision parts needed for nuclear weapons and long-range missiles, and $5.4 million worth of vibration-testing equipment, which can enable nuclear weapons and missiles to withstand shock, impact and rapid acceleration.

Although China is not an enemy of the United States, it is not an ally. We disagree on fundamental issues like human rights, trade and the spread of weapons of mass destruction. "Engagement," the current policy toward China, is an abstraction connoting cultural visits and the opening of business ties. But in reality, this policy includes a trade in the means to make advanced weaponry.

Are high-tech exports so vital that we are willing to help China build a potent nuclear arsenal and the modern missile force to deliver it?

 

[below_freezing]

so let me get this straight:

it is china's shame that we bought dual use capital goods that may help us make a missile.

it is india's pride that they bought the entire weapon.

we bought tools that help us design things, you bought the whole damn thing and did not even attempt to design anything.

what a joke! it is like criticizing a world famous engineer for not making his own screwdrivers and calculators, therefore his work is all stolen and fake.

 

[chinapakistan]

so let me get this straight:

it is china's shame that we bought dual use capital goods that may help us make a missile.

it is india's pride that they bought the entire weapon.

we bought tools that help us design things, you bought the whole damn thing and did not even attempt to design anything.

what a joke! it is like criticizing a world famous engineer for not making his own screwdrivers and calculators, therefore his work is all stolen and fake.

That is indian logic. And beware, they are our future superpower they are the best in the world.

 

[imran iqbal]

so let me get this straight:

it is china's shame that we bought dual use capital goods that may help us make a missile.

it is india's pride that they bought the entire weapon.

we bought tools that help us design things, you bought the whole damn thing and did not even attempt to design anything.

what a joke! it is like criticizing a world famous engineer for not making his own screwdrivers and calculators, therefore his work is all stolen and fake.

You Chinese are brought up deluded in your pathological lair society.

Russia was China's main missile tutor. According to the Natural Resources Defense Council's Nuclear Weapon Databook, Moscow sent scores of specialists in 1957 to help China build its main missile test center at Shuangchengzi. With them came Russian missiles, blueprints and know-how that enabled China to test its first nuclear missile, the Dong Feng-2, in 1964

Still today China relies heavenly on foreign/US stolen technologies/reverse-engineering like always.

 

[below_freezing]

the russians came in 1950 and left in 1960. what's your point?

and besides wasn't the actual work done, by your words, "by a chinese-american traitor?"

 

[imran iqbal]

Chinese have gone nuts after finding out the Chinese myth of this and that being "100%" indigenous has been busted. So now they are using their usual method of trolling and attacking personally but then again once a Chinese can always a Chinese and they can only portray themself.
Living in denial is part of thier world. shhhhhh don not disturb fragile thoughts of Chinese, they wanna believe everything is "indigenous" in China.

 

[chinapakistan]

Chinese have gone nuts after finding out the Chinese myth of this and that being "100%" indigenous has been busted. So now they are using their usual method of trolling and attacking personally but then again once a Chinese can always a Chinese and they can only portray themself.
Living in denial is part of thier world. shhhhhh don not disturb fragile thoughts of Chinese, they wanna believe everything is "indigenous" in China.

Who said that we think 100% indigenous of our millitory stuff?
But the fact is you indian always say so and most indian believe so, they even believe Mumbai is the world second modernistic city just sencond to New York.

 

[imran iqbal]

the russians came in 1950 and left in 1960. what's your point?

and besides wasn't the actual work done, by your words, "by a chinese-american traitor?"

Sorry if i have spoiled your party but i just wanted to point the fact Chinese should not point fingers at their neighbor countries for copying, importing this and that when China themself have been doing this for a long time and still does today.
Btw why are you soooooooo mad? sorry if i have shot up your blood pressure!

 

[below_freezing]

how am i mad lol, it's like buying a screwdriver from the US. just a tool. the designing is all indigenous.

does india even manufacture its own nails? probably imported from china. does that mean india is stealing chinese technology? why don't you make your own nails lol?

 

[imran iqbal]

Who said that we think 100% indigenous of our millitory stuff?
But the fact is you indian always say so and most indian believe so, they even believe Mumbai is the world second modernistic city just sencond to New York.

China has zero indigenous technology to offer to Europe. Basically due to cheap labor China is able to manufacture the same sub system in a lower prise and sell it back. Boeing brought a production line in Pakistan back in 2004-5 for the manufacture of some sub sytems for Boeing airliners. That was only because laber in pakistan is much more cheaper and the same spare part would cost 2-3x more in States then in Pakistan.

If China is able to pieces together European,American and Soviet technologies together then good for China. As long as chinese does not point fingers on Indians for importing technologies i will be fine with that but when they start bragging like pathological liars about how indigenous their technologys are then i will shut every single mouth.

 

[imran iqbal]

how am i mad lol, it's like buying a screwdriver from the US. just a tool. the designing is all indigenous.

does india even manufacture its own nails? probably imported from china. does that mean india is stealing chinese technology? why don't you make your own nails lol?

So far Chinese have failed to provide any positive input to this thread other then knee jerk reactions, personal attacks and trolling.

 

[chinapakistan]

China has zero indigenous technology to offer to Europe.

Src? or just BS?

Basically due to cheap labor China is able to manufacture the same sub system in a lower prise and sell it back. Boeing brought a production line in Pakistan back in 2004-5 for the manufacture of some sub sytems for Boeing airliners. That was only because laber in pakistan is much more cheaper and the same spare part would cost 2-3x more in States then in Pakistan.

Sorry to tell you the labor price in india is more cheaper than china, it is 1/3 of china, why they dont go to india? Are they fear something, Ummm maybe 6times power shotdown per day even in major city Mumbai in india? ant etc.

If China is able to pieces together European,American and Soviet technologies together then good for China. As long as chinese does not point fingers on Indians for importing technologies i will be fine with that but when they start bragging like pathological liars about how indigenous their technologys are then i will shut every single mouth.

Sorry tell you the turth again, india dont import technologies, they only import finished product, bcoz indian poor industry even you import the whole technology you cant produce anything.

 

[below_freezing]

zero indigenous technology? really?

China Leads All Nations in Publication of Chemical Patents According to CAS

China Leads All Nations in Publication of Chemical Patents According to CAS, the World's Most Authoritative Publisher of Chemical Information

CAS is a division of the American Chemical Society.

A chinese source with the same news:

China becomes top chemical patent holder

Detection, Distribution, and Organohalogen Compound Discovery Implications of the Reduced Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide-Dependent Halogenase Gene in Major Filamentous Actinomycete Taxonomic Groups

Detection, Distribution, and Organohalogen Compound Discovery Implications of the Reduced Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide-Dependent Halogenase Gene in Major Filamentous Actinomycete Taxonomic Groups -- Gao and Huang 75 (14): 4813 -- Applied and Environme

Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of SciencesNSTITUTE OF MICROBIOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

"In 1986, the institute independently developed the technology of vitamin C production through a novel two-step microbial fermentation. The IP of the technology was transferred with a patent fee of 5.5 million US dollars to the F. Hoffmann-La Roche company, a world-renowned pharmaceutical company, which set a new record in China for the largest technology export volume at that time. "

China Is Leading the Race to Make Renewable Energy - NYTimes.com

China Leading Global Race to Make Clean Energy

 

[imran iqbal]

A New China Syndrome: Beijing's Atomic Bazaar

With help from the Clinton administration, Westinghouse is wedging its way into China's nuclear power reactor market, a venue previously closed to U.S. firms because of China's record of helping other countries build atomic bombs.

In February, during the visit of Energy Secretary Hazel O'Leary to Beijing, Westinghouse signed an agreement to provide two 650-megawatt steam turbines for China's future Qinshan nuclear power plants. The turbines, which are considered a "non-nuclear" portion of the facility, will be produced in a joint venture with China's Harbin Turbine Company.

U.S. nuclear exports to China are limited by the absence of a U.S.-China agreement for nuclear cooperation. Such an agreement was signed in 1985 on the strength of a now famous toast in the White House by Premier Zhao Ziyang, who declared that China does not "engage in nuclear proliferation ourselves, nor do we help other countries develop nuclear weapons."

The accord was never put into effect because of reports that China was giving secret help to Pakistan's nuclear bomb effort. China has therefore never been eligible for important U.S. nuclear exports such as reactor pressure vessels, control rod systems or primary coolant pumps, all of which are licensed by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). For China to become eligible, the President must certify to Congress that China has not, among other things, helped non-nuclear weapon states acquire materials that would have "direct significance" for the production of "nuclear explosive devices."

In addition, the U.S. Congress imposed a second ban on exports to China in 1990 as a result of the Tiananmen Square incident. Congress barred a broad range of nuclear exports to China until the President can certify that China has given "clear and unequivocal assurances to the United States that it is not assisting and will not assist any non-nuclear-weapon state, either directly or indirectly, in acquiring nuclear explosive devices or the materials and components for such devices...."

NRC has interpreted the Tiananmen sanctions as barring any export under its licensing jurisdiction that would have a nuclear end-use. The Commerce Department has interpreted the sanctions as requiring a denial of any dual-use item under its jurisdiction going to a nuclear end-use or end-user if the item requires an individual validated license for nonproliferation reasons. Commerce can, however, approve dual-use exports to non-nuclear end-users in China. In fact, it approved the export of nearly $1 billion in dual-use nuclear commodities to China in 1994.

In March, Westinghouse announced that it was expanding its contract with China to include steam generators and reactor coolant pumps for Qinshan. According to the trade journal Nucleonics Week, Westinghouse arranged for these items to be manufactured abroad by its licensees because the components could not be exported from the United States under current law.



There is serious doubt whether China can manufacture critical components of the reactor, and whether Iran could pay for a reactor from China after going through with its planned reactor purchases from Russia.

 

[below_freezing]

yeah we could not make nuclear reactors.

that's why our 1964 bomb was made from PLUTONIUM that is not possible to make without an existing nuclear reactor.

hahahaha