Coronavirus Has THREE Distinct Strains, US Suffering From Original Variation

[Nan Yang]

Only dishonest Chinese are saying otherwise.

In the SARS virus the intermediate animal was the civet cat.
Covid-19 intermediate animal is still UNKNOWN.

 

[Beast]

America may not want military war, but they could destroy OBOR if they could prove or even win narration that China is responsible for the covid-19.

The global trade do not belong to US only, I am not so worry about OBOR. US has proved incapable of taking on China in trade war. That is why China is developing a powerful navy capable power projection far from shore. It will used to beat up small countries and proxy war started by US to disrupt OBOR.

No developed countries will reject fund provided by others. US can incite whatever they want but end of the day, if US can't delivered money they desire. Someone will....

 

[antonius123]

The global trade do not belong to US only, I am not so worry about OBOR. US has proved incapable of taking on China in trade war. That is why China is developing a powerful navy capable power projection far from shore. It will used to beat up small countries and proxy war started by US to disrupt OBOR.

No developed countries will reject fund provided by others. US can incite whatever they want but end of the day, if US can't delivered money they desire. Someone will....

US alone can't. But imagine if most of the world reconsider their relationship with China if they believe that China is the culprit of the world disaster. Europe could reconsider their commercial contracts with China in the short future as the starter then followed by other nations, this will give isolation impact to China.

 

[Beast]

US alone can't. But imagine if most of the world reconsider their relationship with China if they believe that China is the culprit of the world disaster. Europe could reconsider their commercial contracts with China in the short future as the starter then followed by other nations, this will give isolation impact to China.

Not to worry too much. China is world factory for a reason. There are just too many things Europe can't break the tie with China. UK is brexit and Europe needing fresh funds to inject into their economic. You think US is going to provide fund to make up the empty void if China left? Europe and China r/s is never build in friendship and alliance. It build on money only. As long as China has the money, there is no worry of not having friend. You can claim this kind of r/s looks artificial but even NATO themselves will fight against each other when things turn ugly. US divert covid-19 test kit from Italy. Germany rob France face mask and restrict export of medical kits...

China is going in the right direction to promote trade. It is the biggest weapon China has. Europe is not going to reject funds and money. They have too much to lose if lag behind other rising nations. Europe too need China as a big market for their growth. Do u know how much luxury items are sold from Europe to China alone?

 

[riscol]

China does not even need to worry about image or isolation. This economic recession or it could be classified as depression will make other countries depend on China even more for economic ties. Nearly 17 million US citizens filed for unemployment in the past 4 weeks. US is facing a huge crisis so how likely is it to see American investment in Europe? President Trump did warn NATO members to contribute more financially because he was not happy about it.
Serbian president asked EU for help dealing with Covid-19 but got none and called European solidarity a fairy tale. Italy and Spain received no sympathy either so what does that tell people about EU? Now that UK is out of EU it sees Chinese investment as crucial this applies to Germany too and how important the Chinese market is for German cars.

 

[Viet]

Arguing from the fringes. The big elephant in the room is the type A virus in US. A whopping two-thirds of all case.


Errrr. No. Not sure where you get your news from but NY got the virus from Italy.

One is „people’s movement“
The virus moves from country to country with people moving from country to country.

Second, the US is hit worst because of incompetence. But that is another story.

 

[BringHarmony]

In the SARS virus the intermediate animal was the civet cat.
Covid-19 intermediate animal is still UNKNOWN.

Its not the question of intermediate host, this paper and work done before it has shown 98% match with a Corona virus endemic in China in bats. Nice try, but sorry you don't know what you are talking about.

Thanks to DF-41 ICBM. Those idiots gonna bite the bullet if they really want compensation.

Judging from the quality of all the things that come out of China and especially the Chinese testing kits and masks and Chinese culture of covering everything up, Chinese strategic weapon are most likely dud. China can try launching her useless missiles, the 1000s of american warheads will kill all Chinese and nothing of value will be lost .

I love how desperate these CIA trolls are. @Nan Yang this is definitely one of the smoking guns to indict the us terrorist regime. Fucken LMAO. America is gonna get REKTD

It's impossible to backpedal all that "China should pay reparations" shit when they are found guilty.

What they going to say? "Yes, we did it, but we shouldn't pay reparations for committing genocide against everyone".

LOLOL

Sorry dear, the study has nothing to show what you want it to show. Like always, Chinese lies.

Thanks to DF-41 ICBM. Those idiots gonna bite the bullet if they really want compensation.


Lol. Thanks for your hardwork for CIA. You just earn your $1. When comes to dishonesty, can't believe some point to China while can delude themselves about ej biggest liar. Iraq WMD sure ring a bell? A proven incident about US dishonest behaviour in world scene. Same as the crap China spy scandal propose few years ago, only to be rebuke when a CIA contractor think enough is enough of US criminal behaviour and snowden decide to come forward and tell the world who is the big liar and big spy around the world.

Unlike China, $1 does not buy anything of value in US or Canada. Actually we in Canada, if require, much better unemployment coverage from the government. I know many folks are getting as much as $4000 or more per month due to loss of their job. Thats is more than six month worth of salary in China. China, what a shitty country to live in!

Speaking of lies, here is my favorite Chinese lie.

https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2008/aug/12/olympics2008.china1
Olympics: Child singer revealed as fake

This is great China where they have to FAKE a child singer in Olympic opening of all things! What a pathetic country!

China has a global image related to "Fake" . I didn't make it.

@BringHarmony shall be very ashamed of lying thru his teeth , working so hard to convince us of your master benevolent. Nobody will trust you and your master propangada. It just like Lance Armstrong still trying to convince us how he is a great cyclist who achieved those feat without resort to cheating... Save your breadth. You are a cheat and u are forever despicable. Nobody will trust snake words from u and your lies.

Leave all the theatric man, just show at what point the research which this thread is all about says that "Covid did not start in China". And do quote original research paper. That is assuming you can even understand it.

Arguing from the fringes. The big elephant in the room is the type A virus in US. A whopping two-thirds of all case.

The biggest elephant in the room is that Type A virus is closest to a Chinese Bat-virus. And it infects Chinese humans too. And all the US people who had this infection in December had a history of residence in Wuhan. You were talking about smoking gun, here is your smoking gun. This is Chinese virus.

Here we are debating about the origin of the virus. Patient Zero. It some virus is trace to China becos China is also a victim affected by origin of virus by patient zero. Patient zero is not from China. Its likely from US as stated by Cambridge report.

Where did it says that in this research or the video? It only says Type A was most common in US (currently) and Type B comes from Type A. It says nothing about Patient Zero. Infact, it says that ALL american patients who were recognized early on had history of residence in Wuhan.

Folks you want another smoking gun? Here it is :

https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/12/asia/china-coronavirus-research-restrictions-intl-hnk/index.html

China limits access to coronavirus research. "Under the new policy, all academic papers on Covid-19 will be subject to extra vetting before being submitted for publication. Studies on the origin of the virus will receive extra scrutiny and must be approved by central government officials, according to the now-deleted posts."

Why should government official scrutinize research? They are not even trained to understand research.

 

[BringHarmony]

Okay folks, so here is what Cambridge university --whose research everyone on this thread is so lovingly quoting-- has to say about it :

@Beast Another proof that Chinese and their country and government are liars .
@Nan Yang Dare say "Evidence in plain sight", eh? What happened? Chinese proven liars again?
@Jinri Apparently, your comment didn;t age well

https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news...nalysis-provides-snapshot-of-pandemic-origins
Study charts the “incipient supernova” of COVID-19 through genetic mutations as it spread from China and Asia to Australia, Europe and North America. Researchers say their methods could be used to help identify undocumented infection sources.

Researchers from Cambridge, UK, and Germany have reconstructed the early “evolutionary paths” of COVID-19 in humans – as infection spread from Wuhan out to Europe and North America – using genetic network techniques.

“There are too many rapid mutations to neatly trace a COVID-19 family tree. We used a mathematical network algorithm to visualise all the plausible trees simultaneously,” said geneticist Dr Peter Forster, lead author from the University of Cambridge.


“These techniques are mostly known for mapping the movements of prehistoric human populations through DNA. We think this is one of the first times they have been used to trace the infection routes of a coronavirus like COVID-19.”


The team used data from virus genomes sampled from across the world between 24 December 2019 and 4 March 2020. The research revealed three distinct “variants” of COVID-19, consisting of clusters of closely related lineages, which they label ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’.

Forster and colleagues found that the closest type of COVID-19 to the one discovered in bats – type ‘A’, the “original human virus genome” – was present in Wuhan, but surprisingly was not the city’s predominant virus type.

Mutated versions of ‘A’ were seen in Americans reported to have lived in Wuhan, and a large number of A-type viruses were found in patients from the US and Australia.

Wuhan’s major virus type, ‘B’, was prevalent in patients from across East Asia. However, the variant didn’t travel much beyond the region without further mutations – implying a "founder event" in Wuhan, or “resistance” against this type of COVID-19 outside East Asia, say researchers.

The ‘C’ variant is the major European type, found in early patients from France, Italy, Sweden and England. It is absent from the study’s Chinese mainland sample, but seen in Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea.

The new analysis also suggests that one of the earliest introductions of the virus into Italy came via the first documented German infection on January 27, and that another early Italian infection route was related to a “Singapore cluster”.

Importantly, the researchers say that their genetic networking techniques accurately traced established infection routes: the mutations and viral lineages joined the dots between known cases.

As such, the scientists argue that these “phylogenetic” methods could be applied to the very latest coronavirus genome sequencing to help predict future global hot spots of disease transmission and surge.

“Phylogenetic network analysis has the potential to help identify undocumented COVID-19 infection sources, which can then be quarantined to contain further spread of the disease worldwide,” said Forster, a fellow of the McDonald Institute of Archaeological Research at Cambridge, as well as the University’s Institute of Continuing Education.

The findings are published today in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The software used in the study, as well as classifications for over 1,000 coronavirus genomes and counting, is available free at www.fluxus-technology.com.

Variant ‘A’, most closely related to the virus found in both bats and pangolins, is described as “the root of the outbreak” by researchers. Type ‘B’ is derived from ‘A’, separated by two mutations, then ‘C’ is in turn a “daughter” of ‘B’.

Researchers say the localisation of the ‘B’ variant to East Asia could result from a “founder effect”: a genetic bottleneck that occurs when, in the case of a virus, a new type is established from a small, isolated group of infections.

Forster argues that there is another explanation worth considering. “The Wuhan B-type virus could be immunologically or environmentally adapted to a large section of the East Asian population. It may need to mutate to overcome resistance outside East Asia. We seem to see a slower mutation rate in East Asia than elsewhere, in this initial phase.”

He added: “The viral network we have detailed is a snapshot of the early stages of an epidemic, before the evolutionary paths of COVID-19 become obscured by vast numbers of mutations. It’s like catching an incipient supernova in the act.”

Since today’s PNAS study was conducted, the research team has extended its analysis to 1,001 viral genomes. While yet to be peer-reviewed, Forster says the latest work suggests that the first infection and spread among humans of COVID-19 occurred between mid-September and early December.

The phylogenetic network methods used by researchers – allowing the visualisation of hundreds of evolutionary trees simultaneously in one simple graph – were pioneered in New Zealand in 1979, then developed by German mathematicians in the 1990s.

These techniques came to the attention of archaeologist Professor Colin Renfrew, a co-author of the new PNAS study, in 1998. Renfrew went on to establish one of the first archaeogenetics research groups in the world at the University of Cambridge.


@Hamartia Antidote @Oldman1 Enjoy! Chinese lies are on full display once more!

 

[rott]

Okay folks, so here is what Cambridge university --whose research everyone on this thread is so lovingly quoting-- has to say about it :

@Beast Another proof that Chinese and their country and government are liars .
@Nan Yang Dare say "Evidence in plain sight", eh? What happened? Chinese proven liars again?
@Jinri Apparently, your comment didn;t age well

https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news...nalysis-provides-snapshot-of-pandemic-origins
Study charts the “incipient supernova” of COVID-19 through genetic mutations as it spread from China and Asia to Australia, Europe and North America. Researchers say their methods could be used to help identify undocumented infection sources.

Researchers from Cambridge, UK, and Germany have reconstructed the early “evolutionary paths” of COVID-19 in humans – as infection spread from Wuhan out to Europe and North America – using genetic network techniques.

“There are too many rapid mutations to neatly trace a COVID-19 family tree. We used a mathematical network algorithm to visualise all the plausible trees simultaneously,” said geneticist Dr Peter Forster, lead author from the University of Cambridge.


“These techniques are mostly known for mapping the movements of prehistoric human populations through DNA. We think this is one of the first times they have been used to trace the infection routes of a coronavirus like COVID-19.”


The team used data from virus genomes sampled from across the world between 24 December 2019 and 4 March 2020. The research revealed three distinct “variants” of COVID-19, consisting of clusters of closely related lineages, which they label ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’.

Forster and colleagues found that the closest type of COVID-19 to the one discovered in bats – type ‘A’, the “original human virus genome” – was present in Wuhan, but surprisingly was not the city’s predominant virus type.

Mutated versions of ‘A’ were seen in Americans reported to have lived in Wuhan, and a large number of A-type viruses were found in patients from the US and Australia.

Wuhan’s major virus type, ‘B’, was prevalent in patients from across East Asia. However, the variant didn’t travel much beyond the region without further mutations – implying a "founder event" in Wuhan, or “resistance” against this type of COVID-19 outside East Asia, say researchers.

The ‘C’ variant is the major European type, found in early patients from France, Italy, Sweden and England. It is absent from the study’s Chinese mainland sample, but seen in Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea.

The new analysis also suggests that one of the earliest introductions of the virus into Italy came via the first documented German infection on January 27, and that another early Italian infection route was related to a “Singapore cluster”.

Importantly, the researchers say that their genetic networking techniques accurately traced established infection routes: the mutations and viral lineages joined the dots between known cases.

As such, the scientists argue that these “phylogenetic” methods could be applied to the very latest coronavirus genome sequencing to help predict future global hot spots of disease transmission and surge.

“Phylogenetic network analysis has the potential to help identify undocumented COVID-19 infection sources, which can then be quarantined to contain further spread of the disease worldwide,” said Forster, a fellow of the McDonald Institute of Archaeological Research at Cambridge, as well as the University’s Institute of Continuing Education.

The findings are published today in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The software used in the study, as well as classifications for over 1,000 coronavirus genomes and counting, is available free at www.fluxus-technology.com.

Variant ‘A’, most closely related to the virus found in both bats and pangolins, is described as “the root of the outbreak” by researchers. Type ‘B’ is derived from ‘A’, separated by two mutations, then ‘C’ is in turn a “daughter” of ‘B’.

Researchers say the localisation of the ‘B’ variant to East Asia could result from a “founder effect”: a genetic bottleneck that occurs when, in the case of a virus, a new type is established from a small, isolated group of infections.

Forster argues that there is another explanation worth considering. “The Wuhan B-type virus could be immunologically or environmentally adapted to a large section of the East Asian population. It may need to mutate to overcome resistance outside East Asia. We seem to see a slower mutation rate in East Asia than elsewhere, in this initial phase.”

He added: “The viral network we have detailed is a snapshot of the early stages of an epidemic, before the evolutionary paths of COVID-19 become obscured by vast numbers of mutations. It’s like catching an incipient supernova in the act.”

Since today’s PNAS study was conducted, the research team has extended its analysis to 1,001 viral genomes. While yet to be peer-reviewed, Forster says the latest work suggests that the first infection and spread among humans of COVID-19 occurred between mid-September and early December.

The phylogenetic network methods used by researchers – allowing the visualisation of hundreds of evolutionary trees simultaneously in one simple graph – were pioneered in New Zealand in 1979, then developed by German mathematicians in the 1990s.

These techniques came to the attention of archaeologist Professor Colin Renfrew, a co-author of the new PNAS study, in 1998. Renfrew went on to establish one of the first archaeogenetics research groups in the world at the University of Cambridge.


@Hamartia Antidote @Oldman1 Enjoy! Chinese lies are on full display once more!

12% of the scientists and 38% of the doctors in the US are Indians, and in NASA, 36% or almost 4 out of 10 scientists are Indians.
I just wonder who said this.

 

[Nan Yang]

Okay folks, so here is what Cambridge university --whose research everyone on this thread is so lovingly quoting-- has to say about it :

@Beast Another proof that Chinese and their country and government are liars .
@Nan Yang Dare say "Evidence in plain sight", eh? What happened? Chinese proven liars again?
@Jinri Apparently, your comment didn;t age well

https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news...nalysis-provides-snapshot-of-pandemic-origins
Study charts the “incipient supernova” of COVID-19 through genetic mutations as it spread from China and Asia to Australia, Europe and North America. Researchers say their methods could be used to help identify undocumented infection sources.

Researchers from Cambridge, UK, and Germany have reconstructed the early “evolutionary paths” of COVID-19 in humans – as infection spread from Wuhan out to Europe and North America – using genetic network techniques.

“There are too many rapid mutations to neatly trace a COVID-19 family tree. We used a mathematical network algorithm to visualise all the plausible trees simultaneously,” said geneticist Dr Peter Forster, lead author from the University of Cambridge.


“These techniques are mostly known for mapping the movements of prehistoric human populations through DNA. We think this is one of the first times they have been used to trace the infection routes of a coronavirus like COVID-19.”


The team used data from virus genomes sampled from across the world between 24 December 2019 and 4 March 2020. The research revealed three distinct “variants” of COVID-19, consisting of clusters of closely related lineages, which they label ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’.

Forster and colleagues found that the closest type of COVID-19 to the one discovered in bats – type ‘A’, the “original human virus genome” – was present in Wuhan, but surprisingly was not the city’s predominant virus type.

Mutated versions of ‘A’ were seen in Americans reported to have lived in Wuhan, and a large number of A-type viruses were found in patients from the US and Australia.

Wuhan’s major virus type, ‘B’, was prevalent in patients from across East Asia. However, the variant didn’t travel much beyond the region without further mutations – implying a "founder event" in Wuhan, or “resistance” against this type of COVID-19 outside East Asia, say researchers.

The ‘C’ variant is the major European type, found in early patients from France, Italy, Sweden and England. It is absent from the study’s Chinese mainland sample, but seen in Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea.

The new analysis also suggests that one of the earliest introductions of the virus into Italy came via the first documented German infection on January 27, and that another early Italian infection route was related to a “Singapore cluster”.

Importantly, the researchers say that their genetic networking techniques accurately traced established infection routes: the mutations and viral lineages joined the dots between known cases.

As such, the scientists argue that these “phylogenetic” methods could be applied to the very latest coronavirus genome sequencing to help predict future global hot spots of disease transmission and surge.

“Phylogenetic network analysis has the potential to help identify undocumented COVID-19 infection sources, which can then be quarantined to contain further spread of the disease worldwide,” said Forster, a fellow of the McDonald Institute of Archaeological Research at Cambridge, as well as the University’s Institute of Continuing Education.

The findings are published today in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The software used in the study, as well as classifications for over 1,000 coronavirus genomes and counting, is available free at www.fluxus-technology.com.

Variant ‘A’, most closely related to the virus found in both bats and pangolins, is described as “the root of the outbreak” by researchers. Type ‘B’ is derived from ‘A’, separated by two mutations, then ‘C’ is in turn a “daughter” of ‘B’.

Researchers say the localisation of the ‘B’ variant to East Asia could result from a “founder effect”: a genetic bottleneck that occurs when, in the case of a virus, a new type is established from a small, isolated group of infections.

Forster argues that there is another explanation worth considering. “The Wuhan B-type virus could be immunologically or environmentally adapted to a large section of the East Asian population. It may need to mutate to overcome resistance outside East Asia. We seem to see a slower mutation rate in East Asia than elsewhere, in this initial phase.”

He added: “The viral network we have detailed is a snapshot of the early stages of an epidemic, before the evolutionary paths of COVID-19 become obscured by vast numbers of mutations. It’s like catching an incipient supernova in the act.”

Since today’s PNAS study was conducted, the research team has extended its analysis to 1,001 viral genomes. While yet to be peer-reviewed, Forster says the latest work suggests that the first infection and spread among humans of COVID-19 occurred between mid-September and early December.

The phylogenetic network methods used by researchers – allowing the visualisation of hundreds of evolutionary trees simultaneously in one simple graph – were pioneered in New Zealand in 1979, then developed by German mathematicians in the 1990s.

These techniques came to the attention of archaeologist Professor Colin Renfrew, a co-author of the new PNAS study, in 1998. Renfrew went on to establish one of the first archaeogenetics research groups in the world at the University of Cambridge.


@Hamartia Antidote @Oldman1 Enjoy! Chinese lies are on full display once more!

So why so many type A in US. Please enlighten us.

 

[BringHarmony]

12% of the scientists and 38% of the doctors in the US are Indians, and in NASA, 36% or almost 4 out of 10 scientists are Indians.
I just wonder who said this.

How is that relevant?

BTW, please please please tell me that you didn't eat the dog in your profile picture.

 

[rott]

BTW, please please please tell me that you didn't eat the dog in your profile picture.

How's that relevant?

BTW, please please please tell me that you didn't eat the dog in your profile picture.

You finally replied. I see your concern about Indians. So are you one?

 

[BringHarmony]

So why so many type A in US.

Good question! I will ask the researcher themselves, if I were you.

My guess is, folks from China had some resistance to type A but US folks who came there had none.

How's that relevant?

My point exactly. And you did it first.

You finally replied. I see your concern about Indians. So are you one?

All I will say is this : I don't eat dogs or bats for that matter .

 

[rott]

Good question! I will ask the researcher themselves, if I were you.

My guess is, folks from China had some resistance to type A but US folks who came there had none.


My point exactly. And you did it first.


All I will say is this : I don't eat dogs or bats for that matter .

@Beast Another proof that Chinese and their country and government are liars .
@Nan Yang Dare say "Evidence in plain sight", eh? What happened? Chinese proven liars again?
@Jinri Apparently, your comment didn;t age well

And this is relevant?

 

[BringHarmony]

And this is relevant?

Yes, it is. Go through the thread and see their older posts. kthxbye!