China Space Military：Recon, Satcom, Navi, ASAT/BMD, Orbital Vehicle, SLV, etc.

[BoQ77]

@kungfugymnast so what is the reason for China to mute all the time even after they could detect foreign military aircrafts operate over Senkaku? while they request airliners such as Laos to declare the id

 

[kungfugymnast]

First CNN and BBC is NOT newspaper. They are TV News Network. And BBC not even American News Network. And PBS is running a program saying Malay Military rent themselves out to MORO Muslim, bad that your military trying to do that. And it's hard for me to pull out News Segment 10 years ago from PBS, so, do you believe your military is Gun for hire?

You do know why Military all around the world pays less than Commercial Sector, right? It's so that they will pledge their loyalty to the government, not to money, or else, we would not be spending 650 billions on Defence Budget on equipment and recruitment, we would simply use that 650 billions a year to buy-in and paid to win a war. 650 billions a year is not small number you know.

Man, if you have to fake a source, at least know what the source is.



Lol, what's that have to do with anything?



So you are suggesting that every Bear carry nuke and their pilot will go insane and nuke US for no particular reason?

Oh, I am a pilot of Tu-95BN and I feel like dropping some nuke on Alaska today just because the weather is all good and dandy? And we did not use F-14A for at least 30 years....

And again, what's that have to do with China having NO ABILITY to intercept US Aircraft in Senkaku? That being a physical restriction, unless PLAAF aircraft can take off from Taiwan Island, there are no chance that it could reach that alt at that range before the US flight left. I don't quite understand why you pull out "We did this to the bear and now we bitch about the Chinese" Dude, did you have a random button and when pressed, you just randomly rumble something?.

You have serious interpretation problem. Did you even pass your own language? As mentioned, many failed school dropouts joined US military, seems true as per your reply. Since when did i refer CNN and BBC as newspaper? They are TV news of course. You think only tv news cover war stories?

How old are you by the way? When i mentioned f14a intercepting bear, that definitely took place on late 70's to late 80's before there's f14b. That was cold war era, you think Soviets were that friendly that time? They won't hesitate to shoot down Korean civilian airliner, what makes you think they won't give your carrier fleet few AS4 kitchen n or AS6 Kingfish with nuclear warheads. You Americans would be shouting wolverine when Soviet forces landed on your beach after destroying the naval fleet.

Saudi cops and military are paid far higher than private sectors for lowest private and constable levels. Few countries too. Several countries mostly officers onwards are well paid. Where are you looking at by the way?

@kungfugymnast so what is the reason for China to mute all the time even after they could detect foreign military aircrafts operate over Senkaku? while they request airliners such as Laos to declare the id

China didn't ask Taiwan's china airlines or EVA Air for id. China didn't ask Japan's nippon air or JAL for id neither. Laos air, probably that is alien to that region, just check which country is it heading. If laos air heading to china, they'll take extra precaution to make sure no drugs being smuggled in.

 

[jhungary]

You have serious interpretation problem. Did you even pass your own language? As mentioned, many failed school dropouts joined US military, seems true as per your reply.
Since when did i refer CNN and BBC as newspaper? They are TV news of course. You think only tv news cover war stories?

Well, PBS ran a program about 10 years ago about how crappy Malaysian Army is, soldier smoke cracks, smack, shoot themselves on the foot and act completely retarded. While the soldier motivation is zero and only concern about raping woman.

It did exist, and everyone knows that, every news paper are on it but as it was 10 years ago so I cannot possibly show you the clip now. So whatever I said is true.

This is essentially what you said, and you don't need to launch your personal insult at me.

By the way, you can still find clipping up to 20 years old on any online database, called Newspaper Achive, so if it was like ALL OVER THE NEWSPAPER like you say, there should be no problem finding it, for example, Daily Mail have their news archived up to 1996

News Archive | Daily Mail Online

And Washington post have archive up to 2003.

washingtonpost.com: Archive

So, you can find news that happened 10 years ago with ease, would you just name me one newspaper saying US Marine earn 11k a month? Or should we play the make believe game?

How old are you by the way? When i mentioned f14a intercepting bear, that definitely took place on late 70's to late 80's before there's f14b. That was cold war era, you think Soviets were that friendly that time? They won't hesitate to shoot down Korean civilian airliner, what makes you think they won't give your carrier fleet few AS4 kitchen n or AS6 Kingfish with nuclear warheads. You Americans would be shouting wolverine when Soviet forces landed on your beach after destroying the naval fleet.

you do know WE DO have nuke right? And if History are any measuring point, We are the ONLY country that used nuke before, if Ruskie was dumb enough to drop bomb in 1970s, would you think we will just stand there and have our thumb up our arse and wait for an invasion?? What make you think we will do nothing??

If you really do think like that, then there are special place reserve for you in a special school.

By the way, you still show no knowledge regrading how to intercept enemy aircraft.

Saudi cops and military are paid far higher than private sectors for lowest private and constable levels. Few countries too. Several countries mostly officers onwards are well paid. Where are you looking at by the way?

No, according to my source, Malaysian Army paid the most with Cocaine and Smack, they were compensate with prostitute some time even children and every soldier in Malaysian Military have to go thru an Orgy test, to which whoever cannot handle three or more prostitute, will be disqualified from serving the Military.

Basically every Malay soldier, especial the one with Chinese descent were Drug addict, Child molester and Pimp according to the PBS special report. But unfortunately, that report was shown on TV 10 years ago, I cannot find you the source.

You do know I can make up story as we go too. Right? How hard can it be just say stuff with absolutely no backing at it? I can say whatever the heck I want.

That is how I will treat you from now on. Unless you show me some reference, I will treat you like a 12 years old who live in a dream world.

 

[kungfugymnast]

Well, PBS ran a program about 10 years ago about how crappy Malaysian Army is, soldier smoke cracks, smack, shoot themselves on the foot and act completely retarded. While the soldier motivation is zero and only concern about raping woman.

It did exist, and everyone knows that, every news paper are on it but as it was 10 years ago so I cannot possibly show you the clip now. So whatever I said is true.

This is essentially what you said, and you don't need to launch your personal insult at me.

By the way, you can still find clipping up to 20 years old on any online database, called Newspaper Achive, so if it was like ALL OVER THE NEWSPAPER like you say, there should be no problem finding it, for example, Daily Mail have their news archived up to 1996

News Archive | Daily Mail Online

And Washington post have archive up to 2003.

washingtonpost.com: Archive

So, you can find news that happened 10 years ago with ease, would you just name me one newspaper saying US Marine earn 11k a month? Or should we play the make believe game?



you do know WE DO have nuke right? And if History are any measuring point, We are the ONLY country that used nuke before, if Ruskie was dumb enough to drop bomb in 1970s, would you think we will just stand there and have our thumb up our arse and wait for an invasion?? What make you think we will do nothing??

If you really do think like that, then there are special place reserve for you in a special school.

By the way, you still show no knowledge regrading how to intercept enemy aircraft.



No, according to my source, Malaysian Army paid the most with Cocaine and Smack, they were compensate with prostitute some time even children and every soldier in Malaysian Military have to go thru an Orgy test, to which whoever cannot handle three or more prostitute, will be disqualified from serving the Military.

Basically every Malay soldier, especial the one with Chinese descent were Drug addict, Child molester and Pimp according to the PBS special report. But unfortunately, that report was shown on TV 10 years ago, I cannot find you the source.

You do know I can make up story as we go too. Right? How hard can it be just say stuff with absolutely no backing at it? I can say whatever the heck I want.

That is how I will treat you from now on. Unless you show me some reference, I will treat you like a 12 years old who live in a dream world.

What is PBS btw? I know there's CBS. Aw look at you feeling the pinch in your arse and now you're attacking the military of the country where i was sent to.. lol!

Ahem.. i've just checked those Moron militants that you mentioned. That's in Philippines and your military was once deployed to help the Philippines army in crushing these morons for good. Why weren't they destroyed and how did these moron militants acquire weapons crates having US Army labels on them easily? Was it like ISIS in Iraq where they were allowed to spread as part your CIA conspiracy?

 

[jhungary]

What is PBS btw? I know there's CBS. Aw look at you feeling the pinch in your arse and now you're attacking the military of the country where i was sent to.. lol!

Ahem.. i've just checked those Moron militants that you mentioned. That's in Philippines and your military was once deployed to help the Philippines army in crushing these morons for good. Why weren't they destroyed and how did these moron militants acquire weapons crates having US Army labels on them easily? Was it like ISIS in Iraq where they were allowed to spread as part your CIA conspiracy?

Yo Moron. If you have to had a go with me, at least know your stuff before you tried, otherwise it will make you look bad for not even know what PBS is. Just because you are a moron and don't know something does not mean they don't exist. You know there's only CBS because you are a freakin' moron and only freakin know CBS is hardly my business. But hey, you don't need to act like a moron just to try and humiliate me.

PBS - Public Broadcasting Service in the US.

PBS: Public Broadcasting Service

I did not attack your country's military, IT WAS THE TRUTH, it have a program on PBS 10 years ago talking about how Malay recruit Rapist on their Psyop unit, how Malay Chinese Military member molest Children when they were in Philippine. And how Malaysia pays their own soldier with Crack and Smack.

And also they did a special report about how Malay Chinese formed an all Homosexual platoon too, which was quite advance at that time.

Again, it was 10 years ago, I cannot find you that program anymore, but they do exist

 

[kungfugymnast]

Yo Moron. If you have to had a go with me, at least know your stuff before you tried, otherwise it will make you look bad for not even know what PBS is. Just because you are a moron and don't know something does not mean they don't exist. You know there's only CBS because you are a freakin' moron and only freakin know CBS is hardly my business. But hey, you don't need to act like a moron just to try and humiliate me.

PBS - Public Broadcasting Service in the US.

PBS: Public Broadcasting Service

I did not attack your country's military, IT WAS THE TRUTH, it have a program on PBS 10 years ago talking about how Malay recruit Rapist on their Psyop unit, how Malay Chinese Military member molest Children when they were in Philippine. And how Malaysia pays their own soldier with Crack and Smack.

And also they did a special report about how Malay Chinese formed an all Homosexual platoon too, which was quite advance at that time.

Again, it was 10 years ago, I cannot find you that program anymore, but they do exist

Aren't you referring those militants MORONs? Malay Chinese? What is that, Mixed race? I don't work in media line, why would i bother to know what PBS means? Gay soldiers? Lol, what a joke. Gays won't be interested with rough jobs, they'll say it's not a girl's thing. Asian men prefer girls anyway. Maybe your military has many gays where you all have don't drop the soap policy.

 

[jhungary]

Aren't you referring those militants MORONs? Malay Chinese? What is that, Mixed race? I don't work in media line, why would i bother to know what PBS means? Gay soldiers? Lol, what a joke. Gays won't be interested with rough jobs, they'll say it's not a girl's thing. Asian men prefer girls anyway. Maybe your military has many gays where you all have don't drop the soap policy.

Funny you should say that.

According o TBS, most Asian men in Malaysia are Gay, they prefer men then women, because the University of Southhampton have discovered that Malaysian of Asian descent have a gene that lead to favourable homosexuality. And Most Military ages male in Malaysia, especially the one with Chinese descent are either Gay or like to molest young boy.

With Drug rampant, sometime those Malay would also engage in Human Trafficking to earn enough money for life.

Again, that program has ran a long time ago, I cannot find you where I saw it from anymore. But they do exist.

 

[kungfugymnast]

Funny you should say that.

According o TBS, most Asian men in Malaysia are Gay, they prefer men then women, because the University of Southhampton have discovered that Malaysian of Asian descent have a gene that lead to favourable homosexuality. And Most Military ages male in Malaysia, especially the one with Chinese descent are either Gay or like to molest young boy.

With Drug rampant, sometime those Malay would also engage in Human Trafficking to earn enough money for life.

Again, that program has ran a long time ago, I cannot find you where I saw it from anymore. But they do exist.

Actually, it's your people that are bored with female and going for something extraordinary to try on. Asians don't get female easily, having to go through several procedures and tests before winning the heart therefore they find female only attractive. Stop watching fake propaganda videos.

 

[jhungary]

Actually, it's your people that are bored with female and going for something extraordinary to try on. Asians don't get female easily, having to go through several procedures and tests before winning the heart therefore they find female only attractive. Stop watching fake propaganda videos.

No, according to CBC, Asian, Chinese in particular, have a taste of young boy, They have this gene that they cannot be satisfied with normal women, not men, have to be young boy. Most Chinese in the world are either rapist and/or triad according to the special report on Canadian CBC network.

Asian women are ugly, which drive most eligible Asian men into white women, and those who cannot get white women would and only could get other Asian men, and those who could not even get other Asian men would go for Little Boys or Girls. THat's how things are in Malaysia according to the CBC special Report.

Again, I would love to show you that report, but it was a few years ago, I don't believe I can find it.

 

[applesauce]

B-52 flying over near Diaoyu/Senkaku island is either just to bicker or just making its way to Japan for airshow. Why would you think China is ruthless aggressor that it would attack any military plane that flew past Diaoyu/Senkaku islands?

where did i ever suggest china would attack any planes that flew past the islands? AZID isn't a no fly zone. in fact its perfectly normal and alright for anyone to fly into any AZID without notice, all it means is the the owner of the ADIZ will track and if they think it warrants it, possibly send up escorts, the unindentified plane need not even change course, so long as it doesnt violate anything else, like a country's territorial airspace.

Iranian F-4E Phantoms are American built. I posted that incident is just to prove that missiles are not 100% hit chance. F-4E 3rd generation managed to spoof considered new SM-2MR missiles is something to take note. If there are few wings of attacking forces, that US fleet would have been goner already within effective range of Exocet. Even Iraqi obsolete Mig25 and early Mig-29A with really poor RWR system managed to spoof and evade US considered advanced missiles at that time.

nothing is 100% what's that got to do with exposing all your electronic/RCS signatures to the potential enemies in peacetime?

 

[Keel]

Window glass for China’s space station successfully developed
By Jin Chen (People's Daily Online) 16:07, October 15, 2015

Workers put a coating on the glass. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency/Yang Shiyao)​

Recently, the window glass to be used in the lighting system of China's space station has been successfully developed by Star Arrow Special Glass in Qinhuangdao, north China's Hebei province.

The first batch of products will be delivered to China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) at the end of October.

The glass produced by Star Arrow Special Glass have been successfully applied on Shenzhou-5 to Shenzhou-10 spacecraft, "Tiangong-1" target spacecraft, "Chang'e-1" to "Chang'e-3" lunar probes since the company's establishment in 2000.

Very interesting development
Congrats to our scientists

I have yet to find more material on our "Special Glass" but let us see what NASA has designed and used onboard of their spacecraft:

http://www.nasa.gov/externalflash/ISSRG/pdfs/mmod.pdf

Minor discrepancy on total thickness of the glass panes

Also on NASA's earlier space shuttle program:

All About Glass | Corning Museum of Glass

The space shuttle has triple paned, optical-quality windows. Thirty-seven window panes in eleven different sizes and shapes are produced for each Orbiter. The fused silica outer panes of the forward windshields are designed to withstand high atmosphere reentry temperatures. The inner, tempered alumino-silicate glass pane is called the pressure pane. It is designed for maximum strength to withstand the shuttle's cabin pressure in the vacuum of space. The thick fused silica middle pane is capable of withstanding both the reentry temperature and the cabin pressure.

HEAT TILE FRITTOP
Finely powdered glass, called frit, is used to glaze the tiles that protect the space shuttle from burning up during its flight. Two compositions of frit are currently used. One is for the shuttle's underside and small areas on top where the temperature rises to between 1200° and 2300° Fahrenheit during reentry. The other frits are used for areas on the side of the tail section, engine, fuselage, and wing tops where temperatures range from 600° to 1200° Fahrenheit.

RETAINERSTOP
Glass-ceramics combine some of the best characteristics of two different materials; glass and ceramics. A special glass-ceramic with high temperature resistance and qualities that make it machinable with ordinary metalworking tools is the material chosen for the space shuttle's tile retainers. The retainers secure the insulation around all hinge points and door opening protecting the Orbiter from the heat of reentry and as boundary retainers that fit accurately between insulation tiles and the vehicle's body.

Ninety-six percent silica glass is the designation given to a type of glass made by a proprietary temperature of up to 900° C, which makes this glass the choice for industrial items such as furnace sight glasses and for outer windows on space vehicles where the glass must withstand the heat of reentry into earth's atmosphere.

The space shuttle has triple paned, optical-quality fused silica windows. Image courtesy Corning Incorporated, Corporate Archives.

Fused silica glass consists of a single oxide. This glass consists simply of silica (silicon dioxide) in the noncrystalline or amorphous state. Adding anything to it puts it in another category. Fused silica is the most expensive of all glasses and shows the maximum resistance to heat shock as well as the highest permissible operating temperature (900° C for extended periods, 1200° C for short periods). Fused silica is clearly superior in a number of respects and is restricted to applications where uncompromising requirements dictate its use such as mirror blanks or astronomical telescopes, optical waveguides and crucibles for growing crystals. Fabrication of fused silica is difficult and the number of available shapes is therefore sharply limited. The more silica a glass contains, the lower its thermal expansion rate and the higher the resistance to heat shock.

Alumino-silicate glass, which can be specially heat treated, is another type of heat-shock-resisting glass.

Glass-Ceramics are so named because they begin life as glasses and then are converted into dense, fine-grained crystalline ceramics. Conversion takes place in two stages. In the first, the glass is seeded with nuclei, or centers around which crystals grow. In the second stage, crystals grow around these nuclei. The crystallinity of the resultant ceramic can vary from 50 to 99% depending on the choices of composition and heat treatment. The final product is different from a glass in nearly all of its properties.

The difference between a glass that is intended to remain a glass and a glass-ceramic in the glassy state lies in the nucleating agent which is included in the glass-ceramic batch and the proper ingredients for forming crystals.

The nucleating agent is a substance that is barely soluble in the glass. At high temperatures it will remain in solution, but at low temperatures it will precipitate and furnish the nuclei which are necessary as centers for crystal growth. When the glass is raised to the correct temperature and held there for a long enough time, a crystal will grow around each nucleus.

To start the conversion procedure, the formed glass-ceramic article may be lowered to the nucleating temperature after forming, or it may be lowered to room temperature, then re-heated to the nucleating temperature. Following nucleation the temperature is then raised to the crystal-growth range.

Published on December 8, 2011

But one thing different from NASA's is our Space Station does not need the re-entry process

 

[BoQ77]

Why we don't talk about bistatic radar or passive sensor like:
dwl-002
and an export model : YLC-2V
both by CETC
sir @gambit : can you support the topic?
------------------------------
US intercepted the transfer of Vera-E system from Czech to China in 2004

The Czech Republic's Ministry of Industry and Trade has revoked a licence under which local company Omnipol could have exported six advanced Vera-E surveillance radars to China under a deal worth Ckr1.5 billion ($57 million).

Then, China tried to get the Kolchuga system from Ukraine, and developed the system named as DWL-002 for domestic use.

The DWL002 came to light in recent years and has been pitched by Chinese sources repeatedly as a credible counter to conventional stealth military aviation. The DWL002 is an emitter locating system (ELS) which partially iterates on innovations found in older Russian designs, including the KRTP Tamara series and ERA Vera-E. The DWL002 is a more advanced ELS compared to China’s YLC-20 system (which is itself based on the KRTP-91 Tamara). The United States and other Western European countries have abandoned the use and development of passive-detection radar systems, citing poor accuracy. China and Russia continue to use the systems. The DWL002 itself will have a likely range of around 400-500 kilometers and is comprised of three stations that operate in tandem, placed kilometers apart. According to Defense News, the DWL002′s range would allow it “cover all of Taiwan and the disputed Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea, but [it] is not within range of U.S. military bases on Okinawa. Nor can it reach the Philippines.”
-------------------------
Kolchuga system in Vietnam service

 

[BoQ77]

============================================
CPMIEC HT-233 / HQ-9/10 Phased Array Radar

Production HT-233 PESA engagement radar on the 10 x 10 Taian TAS-5380 series chassis (© 2009, Bradley Huang).
This is the Chinese derivative of the Russian 30N6E1 Tomb Stone used to detect and track targets, and control the launch of the S-300PMU1 / SA-20 Gargoyle air defence missile. In the Chinese case, however, the HT-233 is also associated with the HQ-10, HQ-15, HQ-9 / FD-2000 or HQ-9 / FT-2000 surface-to-air Anti Radiation Missile. The latter was a combined Israeli/Chinese missile designed to take out the stand-off jammers which threaten SAM target designation radars. The parameter set is likely to be similar to that of 30N6E1 which it emulates.

It is reported that the PLAAF air defence forces based in Fujian Province near the Taiwan Strait, are equipped with the FT-2000 and Russian-made S-300PMU1 SAMs acquired between 1991 and 1998.

An FT-2000 battalion can function alone where it would seek its targets with ESM systems, but more commonly it is anticipated to be part of an S-300 detachment.

Little is known about the radar other than it may function in G-band, probably between 5.2 and 5.9 GHz a sub-band for which production components are readily available. From recent descriptions, the antenna would most likely appear to be a passive phased array employing some 3,000 ferrite phase shifters (the 30N6 uses ~10,000 elements). It has mechanical scan in azimuth and electronic beam steering in azimuth/elevation, like the 30N6E1, up to 65° off aperture boresight, and can track up to 50 targets simultaneously.

It is possibly that a variant of this radar, referred to by NATO as TOMB STONE, is installed in Type 051C LANZHOU class destroyers. S-300PMU1 / SA-20 and FT-2000 systems are deployed around Beijing and at Longtian, near Fuzhou, facing Taiwan. They are also deployed near the coastal cities of Xiamen in Fujian Province and Shantou in Guangdong province.

Production configurations of the radar is deployed on the 10 x 10 Taian TAS5501 chassis, based on the Russian MAZ-543 vehicle.

Developmental configuration of HT-233 PESA engagement radar on 8 x 8 Taian TAS-5380.

Production HT-233 configuration on a 10 x 10 Taian TAS5501 chassis. This version includes an IFF array across the top of the primary aperture, and also shows the 30N6E1 style primary aperture and space feed well. Below display models of this variant (© 2009, Bradley Huang).

Deployed HQ-9 battery. Above, self propelled YLC-2V to the left with its three support vehicles, in the background a HT-233 battery engagement radar. Below, transloader in the foreground, HT-233 to the right.

 

[kungfugymnast]

No, according to CBC, Asian, Chinese in particular, have a taste of young boy, They have this gene that they cannot be satisfied with normal women, not men, have to be young boy. Most Chinese in the world are either rapist and/or triad according to the special report on Canadian CBC network.

Asian women are ugly, which drive most eligible Asian men into white women, and those who cannot get white women would and only could get other Asian men, and those who could not even get other Asian men would go for Little Boys or Girls. THat's how things are in Malaysia according to the CBC special Report.

Again, I would love to show you that report, but it was a few years ago, I don't believe I can find it.

Fyi, not all Caucasian girls are pretty, so are asian girls. Asian men especially Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, Indo~Chinese are mostly less interested with white Caucasian women. Those Asian men that i mentioned are more interested with girls from similar ethnics because they are more loyal, soft, last longer in terms of ageing, safer and attractive.

If You put a pretty white chick right in front of me, i will just glance and look if i wanted to guess nationality. If you put a naturally pretty Japanese, Vietnamese, Chinese or Korean girl, i would stare and look for long time.

Chinese are less likely to rape. They think with brain and would rather pay for special service, don't have to violate the law. White men instead are more likely to rape because they can't resist desire like animal. Also, either too scrooge or stingy or too poor to pay for the service. Why is child pornography so famous in your country?

============================================
CPMIEC HT-233 / HQ-9/10 Phased Array Radar

Production HT-233 PESA engagement radar on the 10 x 10 Taian TAS-5380 series chassis (© 2009, Bradley Huang).
This is the Chinese derivative of the Russian 30N6E1 Tomb Stone used to detect and track targets, and control the launch of the S-300PMU1 / SA-20 Gargoyle air defence missile. In the Chinese case, however, the HT-233 is also associated with the HQ-10, HQ-15, HQ-9 / FD-2000 or HQ-9 / FT-2000 surface-to-air Anti Radiation Missile. The latter was a combined Israeli/Chinese missile designed to take out the stand-off jammers which threaten SAM target designation radars. The parameter set is likely to be similar to that of 30N6E1 which it emulates.

It is reported that the PLAAF air defence forces based in Fujian Province near the Taiwan Strait, are equipped with the FT-2000 and Russian-made S-300PMU1 SAMs acquired between 1991 and 1998.

An FT-2000 battalion can function alone where it would seek its targets with ESM systems, but more commonly it is anticipated to be part of an S-300 detachment.

Little is known about the radar other than it may function in G-band, probably between 5.2 and 5.9 GHz a sub-band for which production components are readily available. From recent descriptions, the antenna would most likely appear to be a passive phased array employing some 3,000 ferrite phase shifters (the 30N6 uses ~10,000 elements). It has mechanical scan in azimuth and electronic beam steering in azimuth/elevation, like the 30N6E1, up to 65° off aperture boresight, and can track up to 50 targets simultaneously.

It is possibly that a variant of this radar, referred to by NATO as TOMB STONE, is installed in Type 051C LANZHOU class destroyers. S-300PMU1 / SA-20 and FT-2000 systems are deployed around Beijing and at Longtian, near Fuzhou, facing Taiwan. They are also deployed near the coastal cities of Xiamen in Fujian Province and Shantou in Guangdong province.

Production configurations of the radar is deployed on the 10 x 10 Taian TAS5501 chassis, based on the Russian MAZ-543 vehicle.

Developmental configuration of HT-233 PESA engagement radar on 8 x 8 Taian TAS-5380.

Production HT-233 configuration on a 10 x 10 Taian TAS5501 chassis. This version includes an IFF array across the top of the primary aperture, and also shows the 30N6E1 style primary aperture and space feed well. Below display models of this variant (© 2009, Bradley Huang).

Deployed HQ-9 battery. Above, self propelled YLC-2V to the left with its three support vehicles, in the background a HT-233 battery engagement radar. Below, transloader in the foreground, HT-233 to the right.

Someone should tell jhungary to stop posting irrelevant comments. Back to topic, agree that PESA is not as good as AESA. Hope china would use AESA radar for some of their long range SAMs.

In time of war, these vertical launch launchers would be entrenched underground to avoid from being seen on optronic pods or detected by ground search radar. The radar vehicle is not designed to be entrenched underground like the new generation radar platform vehicle that could extend into high mast radar while the vehicle remained underground. If being attacked by anti~radiation missile, only the mast and radar that would be destroyed while the vehicle and crew are safe.

 

[Keel]

Scientists Discover First Binary Black Hole
Sep 06, 2015

Scientists have discovered clear proof of two supermassive black holes orbiting each other within the same galaxy at the nearest quasar Markarian 231 (Mrk 231).


This is the first proven case of supermassive binary black holes (BBHs), according to research published in the Astrophysical Journal, Volume 809, Number 2.

Lu Youjun and Yan Changshuo from the National Astronomical Observatories with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dai Xinyu from the University of Oklahoma and Yu Qingjuan from the Peking University all took part in the research.

Scientists have spent the past several decades searching for BBHs among quasars, but observational evidence for BBHs remained elusive and ambiguous.

Analyzing the continuous spectrum of Mrk 231, the team discovered the largest of the two black holes was 150 million times the mass of the sun, with the secondary four million times the mass of the sun - sizes they describe as "astonishing." The two orbit each other every 1.2 years.

Their orbit emits gravitational waves and lose energy, which will result in a collision after hundreds of thousand of years.

"The discovery will be of great importance to further studies on BBHs, quasars, gravitational waves and basic gravity theory." (Xinhua)


Also reporting:

SCIENTISTS FIND A DOUBLE BLACK HOLE INSIDE A NEARBY QUASAR
TWO HOLES IN ONE!

By Sarah Fecht Posted August 28, 2015
203

Artist view of a binary black hole

NASA, ESA, and G. Bacon (STScI)

The brightest objects in the universe have massive black holes at their hearts.

Quasars (“quasi-stellar radio sources”) can be brighter than entire galaxies, and they’re thought to be fueled by the friction and heat of stuff that’s getting swallowed up by a black hole. (Although light can’t escape a black hole, it can escape from the event horizon—the boundary and point-of-no-return surrounding the black hole.)

Now, it turns out that the quasar nearest to Earth, located 600 million light-years away in a galaxy called Markarian 231, is actually built around two twirling black holes. It’s a first-of-its-kind type of find, and scientists think there could be a lot more quasars with binary hearts out there.

Hubble data revealed a mysterious hole in the quasar’s accretion disk, or the ring of gas that spirals around the black hole, waiting to fall in. After doing some modeling studies, scientists concluded that the system must be made of two black holes: a large one and a small one orbiting each other.

Eventually, the two black holes will collide

The larger of the pair is estimated to be 150 million times more massive than our sun, while the puny companion is only four million times the mass of the sun. In a few hundred thousand years, the two will spiral into each other, resulting in what we can only guess would be the end of the universe. (Kidding!)

The team, based partly in the U.S. and partly in China, thinks the binary formed when the two galaxies merged. The merger seems to have been good for the star-forming business: Mrk 231 births stars at a rate that is 100 times greater than our Milky Way.

“We are extremely excited about this finding because it not only shows the existence of a close binary black hole in Mrk 231, but also paves a new way to systematically search binary black holes via the nature of their ultraviolet light emission,” Youjun Lu of the National Astronomical Observatories of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said in a press release.