China Economy Forum
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Shi Zhengrong became known as the “sun king” around the time he was named China’s fifth-richest man in 2006. Barely three years later, Suntech, his New York-listed company, was the world’s largest solar panel-maker, producing enough solar cells each year to power 1m energy-guzzling US homes.
To struggling manufacturers in the US and Germany, Suntech was part of an unstoppable juggernaut that undercut markets, flooded the world with ultra-cheap products and put competitors out of business. Indeed, the European Commission is threatening to raise import tariffs on Chinese producers for allegedly selling solar panels in Europe for less than they cost to make.
But China’s business model is far from unassailable. In March, Suntech filed for bankruptcy protection. From a market value of $16bn at its peak, the company is now worth about $180m. The sun king has been dethroned as chairman.
In fact, the solar industry is only the most pronounced example of broader overcapacity in China. Its rise and fall has followed a pattern that is becoming familiar across the world’s second-biggest economy.
The problems stem from China’s industrial policies and a vast array of subsidies that allow whole sectors to spring up overnight. Ambitious local officials are keen to lavish government money on what they hope will be success stories that can further their careers.
“When you have administrative measures you get huge overcapacity and this country has created overcapacity in a whole lot of areas,” says Hank Paulson, former US Treasury secretary, who often visits China. “It’s not just clean technologies; steel, shipbuilding we can name all the areas.”
From chemicals and cement to earthmovers and flatscreen televisions, Chinese industry is awash with excess capacity that is driving down profits inside and outside the country and threatens to further destabilise China’s already shaky growth.
It is not a new problem; it was exacerbated by Beijing’s response to the financial crisis in 2008 and continues to worsen despite years of government efforts to curtail it. China produces nearly half of the world’s aluminium and steel and about 60 per cent of the world’s cement but new production is being added rapidly, even as the economy cools.
China’s output expanded 7.8 per cent last year – its slowest pace in 13 years – and after a brief rebound in the fourth quarter, growth has slumped further in the first half of this year.
Aluminium prices have dropped precipitously in recent years and more than half of China’s aluminium producers operate at a loss. Despite this, smelters are being built nationwide, even though producing the metal requires huge amounts of energy, water and bauxite, all of which are scarce in China. Foreign producers are also being forced to close because of the excess supply spilling out of China.
Only about two-thirds of cement capacity was used last year, according to a survey from the China Enterprise Confederation.
For global manufacturers, the China effect over the past decade has been fearsome. It has destroyed jobs and capacity all over the world, shuttering factories in competitor nations.
But in almost every sector where China’s low-cost goods have come to dominate, something strange has happened. Once the bulk of global manufacturing in a given industry has moved to China, overcapacity quickly follows and these sectors begin to cannibalise themselves. Suntech was a prime example.
Li Junfeng, a senior energy policy adviser at China’s state planning agency, likens the country’s solar sector to a patient on life support and says at least half of global solar capacity needs to be shut. “Overcapacity results in low-price competition; all industries experiencing overcapacity have this problem,” Mr Li says.
An older example is the mobile handset market, which the Chinese government set out to dominate a decade ago with national champions sporting names such as Panda, Konka and Ningbo Bird.
Even in China not one of these companies is a household name today. But many analysts had once predicted these low-cost producers would rise to become the Chinese equivalents of Nokia, Ericsson and Motorola.
The Chinese government, particularly local authorities, poured vast subsidies into these companies in the hope of turning them into global forces but they all eventually lost the race to develop new technology.
“There was a lot of talk back then about how these companies would become great new Chinese technology giants and they certainly threatened their international competitors by eating away at the low end of the value chain,” says Anne Stevenson-Yang, research director at J Capital Research. “But over time Chinese companies tend to remain factories that manufacture huge amounts of low-end, undifferentiated stuff.”
Several studies have found that the ability of Chinese industry to dominate global manufacturing in certain sectors is largely due to subsidies, most of which are provided by local and provincial governments.
In a recent study, Usha and George Haley, US-based academics, studied how Chinese steel, glass, paper and auto parts producers turned from bit players and net importers to the world’s largest manufacturers and exporters in just a couple of years.
In each of these highly fragmented, capital-intensive industries, labour accounted for between 2 and 7 per cent of costs and the vast majority of companies enjoyed no economies of scope or scale.
“Our findings contradict the widespread belief that China’s enormous success as an exporting nation derives primarily from low labour costs and deliberate currency undervaluation,” says Usha Haley. “There is enormous overcapacity and no gauging of supply and demand and we found that subsidies account for about 30 per cent of industrial output. Most of the companies we looked at would probably be bankrupt without subsidies.”
Besides direct cash infusions, many local governments in China provide very cheap land, cheap credit, discounted utilities and tax breaks to state-owned and private companies that set up in their backyards.
In a research report on government subsidies to non-state owned Chinese companies, Matthew Forney and Laila Khawaja from the research consultancy Fathom China found that most companies surveyed received some form of direct subsidy.
“The bottom line is that officials who climb the [Communist] party ladder fastest are usually those who oversee the most flashy investment projects and the fastest growth,” Mr Forney and Ms Khawaja say. “Offering subsidies to private companies looking to expand can help localities clinch an investment deal that brings jobs and tax revenue.”
. . .
Some of the most heavily subsidised companies in China are automakers, such as Chery, BYD and Geely. Some analysts predict they will ultimately meet the same fate as the handset makers.
Overcapacity in the auto industry is rampant and in the case of Geely, which bought Volvo in 2010, more than half of its net profits came directly from subsidies in 2011. In fact, subsidy income for Geely that year was more than 15 times greater than the next biggest source of net profits – “sales of scrap metal” – according to analysis from Fathom China.
In the case of Mr Shi the sun king, subsidies and grants from a local government were crucial in convincing him to return to China from Sydney, where he lived in the suburbs and drove a Toyota Camry to his job as an executive in a solar start-up company. Mr Shi and Suntech both declined to comment. In 2000, the government of Wuxi, near Mr Shi’s birthplace in eastern China’s Jiangsu province, was eager to establish a solar industry so officials set out to lure him back with promises of support.
“Suntech is a seed sown by the Communist party committee of the Wuxi government,” Mr Shi said in a speech in March 2011 to welcome Yang Weize, the former Wuxi party secretary, to Suntech’s new headquarters in the city. “During Suntech’s start-up phase we experienced intense pressure but Wuxi continuously watered and nurtured this seed.”
Thanks partly to his success in fostering Wuxi’s solar industry, Mr Yang was promoted in 2010 to become the party secretary of Nanjing, one of China’s largest cities. Throughout the country, party officials take note of this kind of meteoric rise and arrive at the conclusion that they too can reach great heights by subsidising businesses.
This drives intense inter-regional competition and a race to the bottom between local governments, which often decide not to enforce environmental, safety and labour laws in order to keep jobs and taxes (and kickbacks) in their jurisdictions.
Another big problem for almost every industry is that companies’ investment and growth plans have been predicated on the belief that the government would never allow growth to drop below 8 or 9 per cent.
This perception was encouraged by Beijing’s response to the 2008 crisis, when it launched a Rmb4tn ($650bn) stimulus, unleashing a construction boom to prop up stumbling growth.
. . .
Today, as growth slips towards 7.5 per cent and lower, China’s new leaders do appear more determined than their predecessors to tackle overcapacity.
“We intend to accelerate the transformation of the economic development model and vigorously adjust and optimise the economic structure,” said Zhang Gaoli, the executive vice-premier in charge of the economy and a member of the all-powerful Standing Committee of the politburo, in a speech this month. “We will strictly ban approvals for new projects in industries experiencing overcapacity and resolutely halt construction of projects that violate regulations.”
However, Beijing has tried for years to tackle this problem but meets fierce resistance from local governments trying to protect their local “seeds”. Analysts and officials say bankruptcies such as that of Suntech are still unusual and tend to happen only when a company is beyond rescue or local officials want to seize ownership. But the scale of overcapacity and the slowdown in Chinese growth suggest many more people will suffer the fate of the sun king.
Mr Shi remains in Wuxi and is still the largest single shareholder in Suntech but, according to Chinese media, he is the subject of an investigation into his role in the company’s fall.
“The problem with subsidies everywhere is they tend to support activity not outcomes and they become more of a problem when they’re just subsidising inefficiencies,” says John Rice, vice-chairman of General Electric, who heads GE’s global operations from Hong Kong.
“If you do that in perpetuity it just increases the size of the anchor that drags down growth.”
Additional reporting by Leslie Hook
Steelmakers struggle to shut down capacity
When economic growth in the west evaporated during the global financial crisis, China rode to the rescue with a colossal stimulus package that helped the global economy out of the downturn, writes Leslie Hook.
Powered by a binge in government spending on infrastructure and construction, as well as an injection of cheap credit into industrial sectors, China’s economy steamed along, growing 8.7 per cent and 10.3 per cent in 2009 and 2010.
But today the price of that stimulus is becoming more apparent. Five years on, many of the industries that were beneficiaries of the stimulus – from steel to shipbuilding to metals smelting – are bloated with overcapacity.
For these sectors, the recent slowdown in China’s economic growth spells serious losses and a painful process of elimination.
“Five years ago, steel was an industry of huge profits,” explains Zhang Xiaogang, who heads Anshan Iron and Steel, China’s fourth-largest steelmaker.
“Precisely because it was so lucrative, there was a lot of repetitive construction and a huge amount of assets pouring into the field, causing the overproduction nowadays.”
Those boom days derailed the long-planned consolidation and reorganisation of China’s steel sector, which has for decades been an illusive goal for Beijing’s policy makers.
Today, even though China’s steel production is running at record levels, only about 80 per cent of the country’s production capacity is being used. Industry chiefs and government officials say more excess capacity needs to be shut down in order for the sector to come back into balance.
But this is easier said than done. Previous efforts to consolidate the steel sector have been sidelined repeatedly.
Regardless of their profitability, steel mills have proved to be almost impossible to close down because of their role in providing employment and providing tax revenues to cash-strapped local governments.
“It is very difficult to find an effective remedy for China’s production overcapacity problem,” says Mr Zhang.
“Which company are you going to tell to shut down? Do you choose the ones that are losing money, or are heavily polluting, or are violating industry standards, and make them close? This part is quite hard.”
Chinese industry: Ambitions in excess - FT.com
Fitch says China credit bubble unprecedented in modern world history
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/china-business/10123507/Fitch-says-China-credit-bubble-unprecedented-in-modern-world-history.html
To struggling manufacturers in the US and Germany, Suntech was part of an unstoppable juggernaut that undercut markets, flooded the world with ultra-cheap products and put competitors out of business. Indeed, the European Commission is threatening to raise import tariffs on Chinese producers for allegedly selling solar panels in Europe for less than they cost to make.
But China’s business model is far from unassailable. In March, Suntech filed for bankruptcy protection. From a market value of $16bn at its peak, the company is now worth about $180m. The sun king has been dethroned as chairman.
In fact, the solar industry is only the most pronounced example of broader overcapacity in China. Its rise and fall has followed a pattern that is becoming familiar across the world’s second-biggest economy.
The problems stem from China’s industrial policies and a vast array of subsidies that allow whole sectors to spring up overnight. Ambitious local officials are keen to lavish government money on what they hope will be success stories that can further their careers.
“When you have administrative measures you get huge overcapacity and this country has created overcapacity in a whole lot of areas,” says Hank Paulson, former US Treasury secretary, who often visits China. “It’s not just clean technologies; steel, shipbuilding we can name all the areas.”
From chemicals and cement to earthmovers and flatscreen televisions, Chinese industry is awash with excess capacity that is driving down profits inside and outside the country and threatens to further destabilise China’s already shaky growth.
It is not a new problem; it was exacerbated by Beijing’s response to the financial crisis in 2008 and continues to worsen despite years of government efforts to curtail it. China produces nearly half of the world’s aluminium and steel and about 60 per cent of the world’s cement but new production is being added rapidly, even as the economy cools.
China’s output expanded 7.8 per cent last year – its slowest pace in 13 years – and after a brief rebound in the fourth quarter, growth has slumped further in the first half of this year.
Aluminium prices have dropped precipitously in recent years and more than half of China’s aluminium producers operate at a loss. Despite this, smelters are being built nationwide, even though producing the metal requires huge amounts of energy, water and bauxite, all of which are scarce in China. Foreign producers are also being forced to close because of the excess supply spilling out of China.
Only about two-thirds of cement capacity was used last year, according to a survey from the China Enterprise Confederation.
For global manufacturers, the China effect over the past decade has been fearsome. It has destroyed jobs and capacity all over the world, shuttering factories in competitor nations.
But in almost every sector where China’s low-cost goods have come to dominate, something strange has happened. Once the bulk of global manufacturing in a given industry has moved to China, overcapacity quickly follows and these sectors begin to cannibalise themselves. Suntech was a prime example.
Li Junfeng, a senior energy policy adviser at China’s state planning agency, likens the country’s solar sector to a patient on life support and says at least half of global solar capacity needs to be shut. “Overcapacity results in low-price competition; all industries experiencing overcapacity have this problem,” Mr Li says.
An older example is the mobile handset market, which the Chinese government set out to dominate a decade ago with national champions sporting names such as Panda, Konka and Ningbo Bird.
Even in China not one of these companies is a household name today. But many analysts had once predicted these low-cost producers would rise to become the Chinese equivalents of Nokia, Ericsson and Motorola.
The Chinese government, particularly local authorities, poured vast subsidies into these companies in the hope of turning them into global forces but they all eventually lost the race to develop new technology.
“There was a lot of talk back then about how these companies would become great new Chinese technology giants and they certainly threatened their international competitors by eating away at the low end of the value chain,” says Anne Stevenson-Yang, research director at J Capital Research. “But over time Chinese companies tend to remain factories that manufacture huge amounts of low-end, undifferentiated stuff.”
Several studies have found that the ability of Chinese industry to dominate global manufacturing in certain sectors is largely due to subsidies, most of which are provided by local and provincial governments.
In a recent study, Usha and George Haley, US-based academics, studied how Chinese steel, glass, paper and auto parts producers turned from bit players and net importers to the world’s largest manufacturers and exporters in just a couple of years.
In each of these highly fragmented, capital-intensive industries, labour accounted for between 2 and 7 per cent of costs and the vast majority of companies enjoyed no economies of scope or scale.
“Our findings contradict the widespread belief that China’s enormous success as an exporting nation derives primarily from low labour costs and deliberate currency undervaluation,” says Usha Haley. “There is enormous overcapacity and no gauging of supply and demand and we found that subsidies account for about 30 per cent of industrial output. Most of the companies we looked at would probably be bankrupt without subsidies.”
Besides direct cash infusions, many local governments in China provide very cheap land, cheap credit, discounted utilities and tax breaks to state-owned and private companies that set up in their backyards.
In a research report on government subsidies to non-state owned Chinese companies, Matthew Forney and Laila Khawaja from the research consultancy Fathom China found that most companies surveyed received some form of direct subsidy.
“The bottom line is that officials who climb the [Communist] party ladder fastest are usually those who oversee the most flashy investment projects and the fastest growth,” Mr Forney and Ms Khawaja say. “Offering subsidies to private companies looking to expand can help localities clinch an investment deal that brings jobs and tax revenue.”
. . .
Some of the most heavily subsidised companies in China are automakers, such as Chery, BYD and Geely. Some analysts predict they will ultimately meet the same fate as the handset makers.
Overcapacity in the auto industry is rampant and in the case of Geely, which bought Volvo in 2010, more than half of its net profits came directly from subsidies in 2011. In fact, subsidy income for Geely that year was more than 15 times greater than the next biggest source of net profits – “sales of scrap metal” – according to analysis from Fathom China.
In the case of Mr Shi the sun king, subsidies and grants from a local government were crucial in convincing him to return to China from Sydney, where he lived in the suburbs and drove a Toyota Camry to his job as an executive in a solar start-up company. Mr Shi and Suntech both declined to comment. In 2000, the government of Wuxi, near Mr Shi’s birthplace in eastern China’s Jiangsu province, was eager to establish a solar industry so officials set out to lure him back with promises of support.
“Suntech is a seed sown by the Communist party committee of the Wuxi government,” Mr Shi said in a speech in March 2011 to welcome Yang Weize, the former Wuxi party secretary, to Suntech’s new headquarters in the city. “During Suntech’s start-up phase we experienced intense pressure but Wuxi continuously watered and nurtured this seed.”
Thanks partly to his success in fostering Wuxi’s solar industry, Mr Yang was promoted in 2010 to become the party secretary of Nanjing, one of China’s largest cities. Throughout the country, party officials take note of this kind of meteoric rise and arrive at the conclusion that they too can reach great heights by subsidising businesses.
This drives intense inter-regional competition and a race to the bottom between local governments, which often decide not to enforce environmental, safety and labour laws in order to keep jobs and taxes (and kickbacks) in their jurisdictions.
Another big problem for almost every industry is that companies’ investment and growth plans have been predicated on the belief that the government would never allow growth to drop below 8 or 9 per cent.
This perception was encouraged by Beijing’s response to the 2008 crisis, when it launched a Rmb4tn ($650bn) stimulus, unleashing a construction boom to prop up stumbling growth.
. . .
Today, as growth slips towards 7.5 per cent and lower, China’s new leaders do appear more determined than their predecessors to tackle overcapacity.
“We intend to accelerate the transformation of the economic development model and vigorously adjust and optimise the economic structure,” said Zhang Gaoli, the executive vice-premier in charge of the economy and a member of the all-powerful Standing Committee of the politburo, in a speech this month. “We will strictly ban approvals for new projects in industries experiencing overcapacity and resolutely halt construction of projects that violate regulations.”
However, Beijing has tried for years to tackle this problem but meets fierce resistance from local governments trying to protect their local “seeds”. Analysts and officials say bankruptcies such as that of Suntech are still unusual and tend to happen only when a company is beyond rescue or local officials want to seize ownership. But the scale of overcapacity and the slowdown in Chinese growth suggest many more people will suffer the fate of the sun king.
Mr Shi remains in Wuxi and is still the largest single shareholder in Suntech but, according to Chinese media, he is the subject of an investigation into his role in the company’s fall.
“The problem with subsidies everywhere is they tend to support activity not outcomes and they become more of a problem when they’re just subsidising inefficiencies,” says John Rice, vice-chairman of General Electric, who heads GE’s global operations from Hong Kong.
“If you do that in perpetuity it just increases the size of the anchor that drags down growth.”
Additional reporting by Leslie Hook
Steelmakers struggle to shut down capacity
When economic growth in the west evaporated during the global financial crisis, China rode to the rescue with a colossal stimulus package that helped the global economy out of the downturn, writes Leslie Hook.
Powered by a binge in government spending on infrastructure and construction, as well as an injection of cheap credit into industrial sectors, China’s economy steamed along, growing 8.7 per cent and 10.3 per cent in 2009 and 2010.
But today the price of that stimulus is becoming more apparent. Five years on, many of the industries that were beneficiaries of the stimulus – from steel to shipbuilding to metals smelting – are bloated with overcapacity.
For these sectors, the recent slowdown in China’s economic growth spells serious losses and a painful process of elimination.
“Five years ago, steel was an industry of huge profits,” explains Zhang Xiaogang, who heads Anshan Iron and Steel, China’s fourth-largest steelmaker.
“Precisely because it was so lucrative, there was a lot of repetitive construction and a huge amount of assets pouring into the field, causing the overproduction nowadays.”
Those boom days derailed the long-planned consolidation and reorganisation of China’s steel sector, which has for decades been an illusive goal for Beijing’s policy makers.
Today, even though China’s steel production is running at record levels, only about 80 per cent of the country’s production capacity is being used. Industry chiefs and government officials say more excess capacity needs to be shut down in order for the sector to come back into balance.
But this is easier said than done. Previous efforts to consolidate the steel sector have been sidelined repeatedly.
Regardless of their profitability, steel mills have proved to be almost impossible to close down because of their role in providing employment and providing tax revenues to cash-strapped local governments.
“It is very difficult to find an effective remedy for China’s production overcapacity problem,” says Mr Zhang.
“Which company are you going to tell to shut down? Do you choose the ones that are losing money, or are heavily polluting, or are violating industry standards, and make them close? This part is quite hard.”
Chinese industry: Ambitions in excess - FT.com
Fitch says China credit bubble unprecedented in modern world history
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/china-business/10123507/Fitch-says-China-credit-bubble-unprecedented-in-modern-world-history.html
+4vsgorillas-Apebane
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Subsidies do tend to make one less compelled to be strongly competitive. This attitude exists all over the world, the option to suddenly pull out government financial support isnt an option either because you dont want large numbers of unemployed men with nothing to do - 'An idle mind is the devils playground'.
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国产最大天然气发电机亮相 可用沼气发电
时间：2013-06-17 14:56 编辑：武飞宏
http://www.chinaelc.cn
　　6月16日，第三届中国国际智能电网建设分布式能源及储能技术设备展览会暨高峰论坛在北京开幕。图为中国石油天然气公司展示的国产最大的天然气发电机。它可以利用天然气、沼气和瓦斯发电。
　　燃气发电机是一种以液化气、天然气等可燃气体为燃烧物，代替汽油、柴油作为发动机动力的新型，高效的新能源发电机。燃气发电机具有输出功率范围广，启动和运行可靠高、发电质量好、重量轻、体积小、维护简单、低频噪声小等优点。
　　燃气发电机的优点
　　燃气发电机具有输出功率范围广，启动和运行可靠高、发电质量好、重量轻、体积小、维护简单、低频噪声小等优点，一般它们具有以下四个优点：
　　一、发电质量好
　　由于发电机工作时只有旋转运动，电调反应速度快，工作特别平稳，发电机输出电压和频率的精度高，波动小，在突加空减50%和75%负载时，机组集腋成裘驼行非常稳定。优于柴油发电机组的电气性能指标。
　　二、启动性能好，启动成功率高
　　从冷态启动成功后到满负载的时间仅为30秒钟，而国际规定柴油发电机启动成功后3分钟带负载。燃气轮发电机组可以任何环境温度和气候下保证启动的成功率。
　　三、噪声低振动小
　　由于燃汽轮机处于高速旋转状态，它的振动非常小，而且低频噪声优于柴油发电机组。
　　四、采用的可燃性气体是清洁、廉价的能源，诸如：瓦斯气，秸秆气，沼气等，以它们为燃料的发电机组不仅运行可靠，成本低，而且能变废为宝，不会产生污染。
The largest domestic natural/bio gas generator debut
Time :2013 -06-17 14:56 Editor: Wufei Hong
June 16, the third China International Smart Grid Distributed Energy and Energy Storage Technology Exhibition and Forum in Beijing. The picture shows China's domestic oil and gas companies showing the largest natural gas generators. It can use natural gas, biogas and gas power generators.
Gas generator is a kind of liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas and other combustible gases to burn things, instead of gasoline, diesel oil as the engine power of the new, highly efficient new energy generators. Gas generator has an output power range, up and running reliable high power and good quality, light weight, small size, easy maintenance, low noise, small advantages.
The advantage of the gas generator
Gas generator has an output power range, up and running reliable high power and good quality, light weight, small size, easy maintenance, low noise, etc., generally have the following four advantages:
First, the generator of good quality
Only when the rotational movement of the generator work, the ESC fast response, work smoothly with the generator output voltage and frequency, high precision, small fluctuations in sudden empty minus 50% and 75% load, the unit pooling resources camel line is very stable. Better than the diesel generator electrical performance.
Second, the startup performance, startup success rate
After a successful start from cold to full load time is only 30 seconds, and international regulations diesel generators 3 minutes after a successful start with a load. Gas turbine generator sets can be in any ambient temperature and climate to ensure the success rate of start.
Third, low noise, small vibration
As gas turbine rotating at high speed, its vibration is very small and low-frequency noise than diesel generators.
Fourth, the use of flammable gas is clean, cheap energy, such as: methane gas, straw gas, biogas, etc. to them as fuel to run generators not only reliable, low cost, and can change waste into treasure, no pollution .
google translation
时间：2013-06-17 14:56 编辑：武飞宏
http://www.chinaelc.cn
　　6月16日，第三届中国国际智能电网建设分布式能源及储能技术设备展览会暨高峰论坛在北京开幕。图为中国石油天然气公司展示的国产最大的天然气发电机。它可以利用天然气、沼气和瓦斯发电。
　　燃气发电机是一种以液化气、天然气等可燃气体为燃烧物，代替汽油、柴油作为发动机动力的新型，高效的新能源发电机。燃气发电机具有输出功率范围广，启动和运行可靠高、发电质量好、重量轻、体积小、维护简单、低频噪声小等优点。
　　燃气发电机的优点
　　燃气发电机具有输出功率范围广，启动和运行可靠高、发电质量好、重量轻、体积小、维护简单、低频噪声小等优点，一般它们具有以下四个优点：
　　一、发电质量好
　　由于发电机工作时只有旋转运动，电调反应速度快，工作特别平稳，发电机输出电压和频率的精度高，波动小，在突加空减50%和75%负载时，机组集腋成裘驼行非常稳定。优于柴油发电机组的电气性能指标。
　　二、启动性能好，启动成功率高
　　从冷态启动成功后到满负载的时间仅为30秒钟，而国际规定柴油发电机启动成功后3分钟带负载。燃气轮发电机组可以任何环境温度和气候下保证启动的成功率。
　　三、噪声低振动小
　　由于燃汽轮机处于高速旋转状态，它的振动非常小，而且低频噪声优于柴油发电机组。
　　四、采用的可燃性气体是清洁、廉价的能源，诸如：瓦斯气，秸秆气，沼气等，以它们为燃料的发电机组不仅运行可靠，成本低，而且能变废为宝，不会产生污染。
The largest domestic natural/bio gas generator debut
Time :2013 -06-17 14:56 Editor: Wufei Hong
June 16, the third China International Smart Grid Distributed Energy and Energy Storage Technology Exhibition and Forum in Beijing. The picture shows China's domestic oil and gas companies showing the largest natural gas generators. It can use natural gas, biogas and gas power generators.
Gas generator is a kind of liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas and other combustible gases to burn things, instead of gasoline, diesel oil as the engine power of the new, highly efficient new energy generators. Gas generator has an output power range, up and running reliable high power and good quality, light weight, small size, easy maintenance, low noise, small advantages.
The advantage of the gas generator
Gas generator has an output power range, up and running reliable high power and good quality, light weight, small size, easy maintenance, low noise, etc., generally have the following four advantages:
First, the generator of good quality
Only when the rotational movement of the generator work, the ESC fast response, work smoothly with the generator output voltage and frequency, high precision, small fluctuations in sudden empty minus 50% and 75% load, the unit pooling resources camel line is very stable. Better than the diesel generator electrical performance.
Second, the startup performance, startup success rate
After a successful start from cold to full load time is only 30 seconds, and international regulations diesel generators 3 minutes after a successful start with a load. Gas turbine generator sets can be in any ambient temperature and climate to ensure the success rate of start.
Third, low noise, small vibration
As gas turbine rotating at high speed, its vibration is very small and low-frequency noise than diesel generators.
Fourth, the use of flammable gas is clean, cheap energy, such as: methane gas, straw gas, biogas, etc. to them as fuel to run generators not only reliable, low cost, and can change waste into treasure, no pollution .
google translation
soaringeagle
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That is good news for mid size rural towns.
sweetgrape
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Huawei unwraps Ascend P6: World's slimmest smartphone
Huawei unwraps Ascend P6: World's slimmest smartphone ? The Register
Huawei's latest handset ticks all the right boxes, and is only 6mm thick, but surrounded by headlines about government intrusion, the timing of the launch could've been a lot better for a company that was being accused of government spying well before PRISM made it fashionable.
Huawei desperately wants to be taken seriously, both as a telecoms supplier and maker of mobile phones, which is why the Ascend P6 was launched at a crowded press conference in London rather than slipped out in China before turning up in European operator stores.
But becoming the next Samsung takes more than a handful of chips and a surprisingly svelte casing. These days a phone has to inspire, to excite and to reflect the public's perception of the brand behind it, which is tough when the brand is perceived as a Chinese spy.
Throwing off that perception has proved tough. Despite pouring money into the UK economy and offering to let GCHQ audit all its infrastructure systems (with the help of Huawei staff, naturally), rumours persist of links to the Chinese military with enough substance to prevent sales into US telecoms industry.
But today's launch was about the handset, not the infrastructure side of the business, and while the P6 might not have been named to dig at Apple (6 refers to its girth), the process of launching a phone owes much to Cupertino. So instead of business managers or engineers, the Lead Designer is pushed onto the stage to tell us how paper was his inspiration and beauty his destination... and how hard it was to make a slab thinner than everyone else's slabs.
Inside Huawei's slab are four processor cores, clocked at 1.5GHz, driving a 4.7 inch display throwing 1280x720 pixels, but no 4G network - it's a 3G phone until the launch of an LTE variant scheduled for later this year. There's also a pair of decent cameras, the back one rating 8MP while the front one grabs 5MP and both get enhanced with a load of software to turn your holiday snaps into masterpieces worthy of uploading to Facebook, including a vanity circuit for taking years of the subject with the ease of a sliding control.
For all that tech, Huawei will be asking for €449, a shade over £380, when it hits shelves by the end of July. Naturally, you'll cough less with a contract.
Perhaps most interesting are the things which didn't feature during the launch, which was distinctly free of the cloud services on which the rest of the industry is betting. There's no equivalent to Samsung's Translation service, or content Stores, or Windows Phone's SkyDrive, or any of the other cloudy services intended to lock users to competing brands. Huawei is just trying to sell phones, perhaps in awareness of the security fears which might prevent adoption of its cloud.
Huawei is pushing into handsets just like it pushed into infrastructure, using technical innovation funded from a secure home market reaching out to grab some market share. At first blush there's little reason to think the Ascend P6 won't take it in that direction.
The price in EURO is about 3600 Yuan, price in china is about 2600Yuan, not too high, My phone is broken, I am choosing phone, First it must be domestic brand:Lenovo K9, Xiaomi, VIVO, OPPO, MEIZU, Huawei, ZTE all are good.
And the company I am working for(domestic company) supply component mounted on PCB for P6.
Huawei unwraps Ascend P6: World's slimmest smartphone ? The Register
Huawei's latest handset ticks all the right boxes, and is only 6mm thick, but surrounded by headlines about government intrusion, the timing of the launch could've been a lot better for a company that was being accused of government spying well before PRISM made it fashionable.
Huawei desperately wants to be taken seriously, both as a telecoms supplier and maker of mobile phones, which is why the Ascend P6 was launched at a crowded press conference in London rather than slipped out in China before turning up in European operator stores.
But becoming the next Samsung takes more than a handful of chips and a surprisingly svelte casing. These days a phone has to inspire, to excite and to reflect the public's perception of the brand behind it, which is tough when the brand is perceived as a Chinese spy.
Throwing off that perception has proved tough. Despite pouring money into the UK economy and offering to let GCHQ audit all its infrastructure systems (with the help of Huawei staff, naturally), rumours persist of links to the Chinese military with enough substance to prevent sales into US telecoms industry.
But today's launch was about the handset, not the infrastructure side of the business, and while the P6 might not have been named to dig at Apple (6 refers to its girth), the process of launching a phone owes much to Cupertino. So instead of business managers or engineers, the Lead Designer is pushed onto the stage to tell us how paper was his inspiration and beauty his destination... and how hard it was to make a slab thinner than everyone else's slabs.
Inside Huawei's slab are four processor cores, clocked at 1.5GHz, driving a 4.7 inch display throwing 1280x720 pixels, but no 4G network - it's a 3G phone until the launch of an LTE variant scheduled for later this year. There's also a pair of decent cameras, the back one rating 8MP while the front one grabs 5MP and both get enhanced with a load of software to turn your holiday snaps into masterpieces worthy of uploading to Facebook, including a vanity circuit for taking years of the subject with the ease of a sliding control.
For all that tech, Huawei will be asking for €449, a shade over £380, when it hits shelves by the end of July. Naturally, you'll cough less with a contract.
Perhaps most interesting are the things which didn't feature during the launch, which was distinctly free of the cloud services on which the rest of the industry is betting. There's no equivalent to Samsung's Translation service, or content Stores, or Windows Phone's SkyDrive, or any of the other cloudy services intended to lock users to competing brands. Huawei is just trying to sell phones, perhaps in awareness of the security fears which might prevent adoption of its cloud.
Huawei is pushing into handsets just like it pushed into infrastructure, using technical innovation funded from a secure home market reaching out to grab some market share. At first blush there's little reason to think the Ascend P6 won't take it in that direction.
The price in EURO is about 3600 Yuan, price in china is about 2600Yuan, not too high, My phone is broken, I am choosing phone, First it must be domestic brand:Lenovo K9, Xiaomi, VIVO, OPPO, MEIZU, Huawei, ZTE all are good.
And the company I am working for(domestic company) supply component mounted on PCB for P6.
China June flash HSBC PMI hits nine-month low on weak demand.
By Kevin Yao
BEIJING | Thu Jun 20, 2013 9:49am IST
(Reuters) - China's factory activity weakened to a nine-month low in June as demand faltered, a preliminary survey showed, heightening risks that a second quarter slowdown could be sharper than expected and raising the heat on the central bank to loosen policy.
The flash HSBC Purchasing Managers' Index fell to 48.3 in June from May's final reading of 49.2, drifting further away from the 50-point level demarcating expansion from contraction. It was the weakest level since September.
"Manufacturing sectors are weighed down by deteriorating external demand, moderating domestic demand and rising destocking pressures," said Qu Hongbin, chief China economist at HSBC.
"Beijing prefers to use reforms rather than stimulus to sustain growth. While reforms can boost long-term growth prospects, they will have a limited impact in the short-term. As such we expect slightly weaker growth in 2Q."
China's economy grew at its slowest pace for 13 years in 2012 and so far this year economic data has underwhelmed, bringing warnings from some analysts that the country could miss its growth target of 7.5 percent for this year.
For graphic on China flash PMI: click link.reuters.com/qaf92t
For graphic on manufacturing PMIs: link.reuters.com/maz35s
The Australian dollar hit a fresh 33-month low after the latest bearish data, which fuelled worries about a slowdown in Australia's single biggest export market. Most of Asia's main share markets were down more than 1 percent, with the Asia ex-Japan index .MIAPJ0000PUS down 2.8 percent.
In the survey, a sub-index measuring overall new orders dropped to 47.1 in June, the lowest reading in 10 months, suggesting demand is weakening both at home and abroad.
The survey, compiled by British-based Markit Group Ltd, also showed new export orders weakened further in June, pointing to persistent global headwinds as the U.S. recovery remains patchy, while Europe's economy remains shackled by the debt crisis.
An employment sub-index also eased in June - broadly in line with signs of softening demand for migrant workers in Chinese cities - even though the overall job market is holding up as the government tries to improve social safety nets.
WEAK Q2
Most analysts expect annual economic growth in the second quarter to weaken slightly from the 7.7 percent annual pace in the first quarter. Growth in the first three months had slowed from 7.9 percent in the previous quarter despite a credit boom.
Weak data in April and May has prompted many analysts to cut their forecasts for China's 2013 economic growth.
Barclays Capital, which expects annual economic growth to slow to 7.5 percent in the second quarter, has cut its forecast on the full-year growth rate 7.4 percent from 7.9 percent.
HSBC has cut its 2013 growth forecast to 7.4 percent from 8.2 percent and its 2014 outlook to 7.4 percent from 8.4 percent.
Economists at ANZ said in a research note published on Tuesday that a rapid cooling of inflation and weaker domestic demand meant the time was right for the central bank to cut interest rates to revive the economy.
But the central bank, which last cut rates in July 2012, looks to be treading cautiously in easing policy that could inflate a property bubble even as consumer inflation cools.
China's consumer inflation slowed to 2.1 percent in May, the lowest in three months, but data on Tuesday showed that home prices rose at their fastest pace this year, highlighting the dilemma facing policymakers under pressures to support the economy while deflating a property bubble.
The chances of fresh stimulus appear slim given that China's new leaders have adopted a greater tolerance for a slowing economy than their predecessors as they focus on economic reforms rather than short-term boosts.
Government economists told Reuters that the new leadership of President Xi Jinping and Premier Li Keqiang would tolerate quarterly growth slipping as far as 7 percent year-on-year before looking to jumpstart the economy.
Premier Li Keqiang was quoted by state media as saying on Tuesday that the economy remains generally stable and the pace of expansion is still within "the reasonable range".
"We are able to overcome difficulties and achieve the full-year economic development task," Li was quoted as saying.
The Financial News, which is run by the central bank, said in a commentary on Wednesday that the chances of a near-term interest rate cut remain low amid fears over capital outflows.
The newspaper also shrugged off suggestions that the central bank should cut banks' reserve requirement ratio (RRR) to boost liquidity amid signs of an inter-bank funding squeeze.
Beijing is still nursing the hangover from its 4 trillion yuan stimulus package implemented during the depths of the global crisis in 2008-09, which fuelled a property bubble and saddled local governments with a pile of debt.
The HSBC flash PMI comes ahead of the final reading, which is due to be released on July 1 along with the Chinese government's official PMI.
(Editing by Alex Richardson)
China June flash HSBC PMI hits nine-month low on weak demand | Reuters
By Kevin Yao
BEIJING | Thu Jun 20, 2013 9:49am IST
(Reuters) - China's factory activity weakened to a nine-month low in June as demand faltered, a preliminary survey showed, heightening risks that a second quarter slowdown could be sharper than expected and raising the heat on the central bank to loosen policy.
The flash HSBC Purchasing Managers' Index fell to 48.3 in June from May's final reading of 49.2, drifting further away from the 50-point level demarcating expansion from contraction. It was the weakest level since September.
"Manufacturing sectors are weighed down by deteriorating external demand, moderating domestic demand and rising destocking pressures," said Qu Hongbin, chief China economist at HSBC.
"Beijing prefers to use reforms rather than stimulus to sustain growth. While reforms can boost long-term growth prospects, they will have a limited impact in the short-term. As such we expect slightly weaker growth in 2Q."
China's economy grew at its slowest pace for 13 years in 2012 and so far this year economic data has underwhelmed, bringing warnings from some analysts that the country could miss its growth target of 7.5 percent for this year.
For graphic on China flash PMI: click link.reuters.com/qaf92t
For graphic on manufacturing PMIs: link.reuters.com/maz35s
The Australian dollar hit a fresh 33-month low after the latest bearish data, which fuelled worries about a slowdown in Australia's single biggest export market. Most of Asia's main share markets were down more than 1 percent, with the Asia ex-Japan index .MIAPJ0000PUS down 2.8 percent.
In the survey, a sub-index measuring overall new orders dropped to 47.1 in June, the lowest reading in 10 months, suggesting demand is weakening both at home and abroad.
The survey, compiled by British-based Markit Group Ltd, also showed new export orders weakened further in June, pointing to persistent global headwinds as the U.S. recovery remains patchy, while Europe's economy remains shackled by the debt crisis.
An employment sub-index also eased in June - broadly in line with signs of softening demand for migrant workers in Chinese cities - even though the overall job market is holding up as the government tries to improve social safety nets.
WEAK Q2
Most analysts expect annual economic growth in the second quarter to weaken slightly from the 7.7 percent annual pace in the first quarter. Growth in the first three months had slowed from 7.9 percent in the previous quarter despite a credit boom.
Weak data in April and May has prompted many analysts to cut their forecasts for China's 2013 economic growth.
Barclays Capital, which expects annual economic growth to slow to 7.5 percent in the second quarter, has cut its forecast on the full-year growth rate 7.4 percent from 7.9 percent.
HSBC has cut its 2013 growth forecast to 7.4 percent from 8.2 percent and its 2014 outlook to 7.4 percent from 8.4 percent.
Economists at ANZ said in a research note published on Tuesday that a rapid cooling of inflation and weaker domestic demand meant the time was right for the central bank to cut interest rates to revive the economy.
But the central bank, which last cut rates in July 2012, looks to be treading cautiously in easing policy that could inflate a property bubble even as consumer inflation cools.
China's consumer inflation slowed to 2.1 percent in May, the lowest in three months, but data on Tuesday showed that home prices rose at their fastest pace this year, highlighting the dilemma facing policymakers under pressures to support the economy while deflating a property bubble.
The chances of fresh stimulus appear slim given that China's new leaders have adopted a greater tolerance for a slowing economy than their predecessors as they focus on economic reforms rather than short-term boosts.
Government economists told Reuters that the new leadership of President Xi Jinping and Premier Li Keqiang would tolerate quarterly growth slipping as far as 7 percent year-on-year before looking to jumpstart the economy.
Premier Li Keqiang was quoted by state media as saying on Tuesday that the economy remains generally stable and the pace of expansion is still within "the reasonable range".
"We are able to overcome difficulties and achieve the full-year economic development task," Li was quoted as saying.
The Financial News, which is run by the central bank, said in a commentary on Wednesday that the chances of a near-term interest rate cut remain low amid fears over capital outflows.
The newspaper also shrugged off suggestions that the central bank should cut banks' reserve requirement ratio (RRR) to boost liquidity amid signs of an inter-bank funding squeeze.
Beijing is still nursing the hangover from its 4 trillion yuan stimulus package implemented during the depths of the global crisis in 2008-09, which fuelled a property bubble and saddled local governments with a pile of debt.
The HSBC flash PMI comes ahead of the final reading, which is due to be released on July 1 along with the Chinese government's official PMI.
(Editing by Alex Richardson)
China June flash HSBC PMI hits nine-month low on weak demand | Reuters
grey boy 2
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Thanks for sharing, guess hardly any economies are doing too well nowadays eh?
India's manufacturing growth slips to 16-month low in March: HSBC survey - The Times of India
India's manufacturing growth slips to 16-month low in March: HSBC survey - The Times of India
soaringeagle
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Hopefully a soft landing, otherwise brace for impact.
That is life.
That is life.
cnleio
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YES. Now this bad time u just need to firmly grasp cash in ur hands, do not waste it random ! and do not borrow too many loans from official banks ! If the economy keep down the bank will eat ur family ... 
soaringeagle
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Yep, he whose has the reserve to last the longest will revive the earliest.
cirr
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A PMI figure lower than 50 does NOT indicate contraction，it simply means the manufacturing sector is growing at a slower pace in China's case。
If factory growth was an annual rate of 10% in the previous month with PMI at 49.2，as is the case for China，a reading of 48.3 in June means that growth may be slowed to some 9.5% in the said month。
While India might have a higher PMI，but since its industrial production is seeing virtually zero year-on-year growth，even a figure much higher than 50 still produces little or NO growth，for little expansion from zero is still minute。
If factory growth was an annual rate of 10% in the previous month with PMI at 49.2，as is the case for China，a reading of 48.3 in June means that growth may be slowed to some 9.5% in the said month。
While India might have a higher PMI，but since its industrial production is seeing virtually zero year-on-year growth，even a figure much higher than 50 still produces little or NO growth，for little expansion from zero is still minute。
Azazel
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$hit
.Why all the bad news come at once,First Bernake comment now this.SENSEX is down 400 points.Similar threads
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