China Economy Forum

[shuttler]

Xiaomi takes aim at Apple after big increase in sales



Updated: 2013-07-17 07:06By Shen Jingting (China Daily}

Chinadaily.com.cn

Photo credit: miui.ch

Xiaomi 2A

Photo credits: Xiaomi




Quad Core 1.5GHz
- Quad core 1.5GHz
- 8.0MP&2.0MP
- 3G (WCDMA 850/1900/2100MHz)
- 4.3"IPS 1280*720
- Android 4.1 OS

Photo credits: dhgate.com

Photo credit： Xiaomi via cnet




Chinese smartphone manufacturer Xiaomi Corp said on Tuesday it sold 7.03 million Xiaomi mobile phones in the first half of this year and realized unaudited revenue of 13.3 billion yuan ($2.16 billion) during the same period.

According to a news release sent to China Daily, Xiaomi disclosed that its half-year revenue in 2013 exceeded the company's 12.6 billion yuan revenue from all of 2012 but it did not reveal the profitability ratio.

The company is on track to reach its annual goal of selling 15 million Xiaomi smartphones by the end of the year, according to officials from Xiaomi's public relations department on Tuesday.

As of June, Xiaomi had more than 14 million smartphone users on the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong and Taiwan, the news release said.

Lei Jun, founder and chief executive officer of Xiaomi, attributed the good performance to the company's more influential branding, better industry partner support and an improved logistics and warehouse system.

Founded in 2010, Xiaomi has experienced rapid growth. The company launched its first smartphones in August 2011 and quickly gained market share, beating some traditional mobile phone giants.

"In the Chinese market, with the exception of Apple and Samsung, if the shipment of one smartphone model exceeds 1 million during its life cycle, it can be described as 'quite successful'," said James Yan, an analyst with the research firm IDC China.

Xiaomi has managed to sell every one of its smartphone models above the 1 million level and is easily ahead of companies such as Huawei Technologies Co Ltd and ZTE Corp in terms of single smartphone shipments, Yan added, pointing out the latter firms have been selling mobile phones for about a decade.

Xiaomi is now directly challenging international giants Samsung Electronics Co Ltd and Apple Inc, which both keep single smartphone sales records in China. According to IDC, Apple had sold about 16 million iPhone 4 and 15 million iPhone 4S handsets in China as of March.

Xiaomi's Lei sees Apple as a target to overtake in the future. During a previous interview with China Daily, Lei expressed Xiaomi's ambition to ship more than 100 million smartphones annually worldwide for each model by 2016.

Apple, based in Cupertino in the United States, managed to break the 100 million iPhone devices mark in 2012, less than five years since the first iPhone was sold in 2007.

Lei dreams of achieving a similar, or even faster, pace of development.

"I know it is crazy, but we would like to have a try," Lei said last year.

Overall, Xiaomi's smartphone shipments in China, if they are not counted on the basis of single device shipments, are still small. The company even failed to become a top 10 smartphone supplier in China in the first quarter, according to the Beijing-based research firm Analysys International.

Samsung was the top smartphone company after acquiring a 17.3 percent share in the Chinese market in the first quarter, followed by Lenovo with 13.1 percent and Coolpad with 10.3 percent. The country had sales of 75.3 million smartphones, a year-on-year rise of 141.5 percent, in the first quarter ending on March 31.

 

[senheiser]

lol Russian tool tries everything to smear the hand that is feeding him....

You angry EU slapped Russia with a WTO case over unlawful import tarifs disguised as recycling costs-which ironically don't apply to Russian made vehicles-as if Russian made was more environmentally friendly and easier to recycle?

its called protectionism and is good for the economy

 

[darkhero]

I am really jealous on China´s economic success. Chinese themes are very popular in Europe. Today a popular German magazine "Die Welt" reports on how the rich enjoy the rising living standard. Respect. Keep moving.

my own feeling: Vietnam is a small China in many ways, so I always wish a prosperous Vietnam instead of conflicts. I believe Vietnam will be a rich country because of hardworking people.

 

[shuttler]

北大报告称近9成中国家庭拥有房产
Beijing University reported that nearly 90 percent of Chinese households own property

中国网 china.com 2013-07-19 07:01
　　
今天上午，记者从北京大学中国社会科学调查中心获悉，由该中心组织调研的《中国民生发展报告2013》已经完成。
　　
报告称，全国家庭平均住房面积为100平米，人均30平米。近九成中国家庭全部或部分拥有现住房的产权，超过10%的家庭有两套及以上的住房。
　　
报告显示，2012年全国家庭住房建筑面积的中位数为100平方米，城镇和农村家庭分别为80和120平方米。全国农村住房设施条件明显不如城镇，但相比2010年，2012年农村家庭的住房设施条件有所改善，卫生设施不完备的比例在降低。
　　
本次调查共确定受访家庭14960户，受访个人57155名，共完成问卷约22万份，访问时间累计约达73000小时。本报告主要对上海、河南、甘肃、广东、辽宁五省市的数据进行抽样分析。
　　
房价收入比：指住房价格与城市居民家庭年收入之比，合理的房价收入比为4到6之间。
　　
教育期望
　　
父母小学及以下文化家庭71.1%期望子女能够读完本科或以上
父母高中及以上文化家庭93.7%期望子女能够读完本科或以上
　　
中位数：将统计总体当中的各个变量值按大小顺序排列起来，形成一个数列，处于变量数列中间位置的变量值就称为中位数
　　
父母受教育水平为小学及以下的学生：71%从初中升入了高中，74%从高中升入了大学
父母受教育水平为初中的学生：92%从初中升入了高中，88%从高中升入了大学
父母受教育水平为高中及以上的学生：98%从初中升入了高中，95%从高中升入了大学。
　　
住房一成家庭有2套及以上住房
　　
报告显示，有一成家庭拥有2套及以上住房，而且像上海这样的大城市拥有两套住房的家庭要多于其他省份。
　　
“上海地区人民的商品意识更强一些，更愿意去投资，所以拥有两套房的家庭要比其他地区多。”北京大学中国社会科学调查中心副主任任强表示，因为大城市房价高、房源少而人口又多，所以同样在上海，没有住房的家庭比例也是最高的，“收入较低的、居住时间较长的外来人员很少有能力购买房源，两极分化比较严重。”
　　
教育
　　
收入高家庭
　　
年投入教育3607元
报告显示，处于最高25%收入水平的家庭对子女教育投入每年达到3607元，是最低收入家庭的2倍多。
　　
北大中国社会科学调查中心副主任任强表示，中国家庭对孩子的教育期望，虽然在不同地区、不同的父母亲受教育程度上存在显著差异，但不同经济状况的家庭没有差别。总体上讲，中国家庭对孩子的教育期望还是蛮高的。
　　
而关于中国家庭对孩子教育的投入是高还是低，经济负担大还是小，要由家庭对孩子的教育投入占家庭收入的比例或占家庭开支的比例来判断。主要是比较年家庭教育投入和年家庭收入，“如果这个家庭年收入100万，而家庭教育投入是1万元，这个比例就是只有百分之一。”






Beijing University reported that nearly 90 percent of Chinese households own property

China Network china.com
2013-07-19 07:01

This morning, the reporter learned from the Beijing University of Chinese Social Science Research Center was informed by the Centre organized research "China Minsheng Development Report 2013" has been completed.

Reported that the average family housing area of ​​100 square meters, 30 square meters per capita. Nearly nine Chinese families are wholly or partly owned housing property rights, more than 10% of households have two or more housing.

The report shows that in 2012 the National Family housing construction area for a median of 100 square meters of urban and rural households were 80 and 120 square meters. National Rural housing facilities significantly better town, but compared to 2010, 2012 family housing facilities in rural areas improved sanitation in reducing the proportion of incomplete.

The survey identified a total of 14,960 households surveyed, 57 155 individuals interviewed, completed questionnaires about 220,000 copies, visit accumulated approximately 73,000 hours. This report focuses on Shanghai, Henan, Gansu, Guangdong, Liaoning five provinces sampled data analysis.

Price earnings ratio: refers to the urban housing prices and household income ratio, reasonable price earnings ratio of between 4-6.

Educational expectations

Parents Primary and below 71.1% of families expect their children to be able to read the degree or above
Parents, high school and higher education households 93.7% expect their children to be able to read the degree or above
Median: The statistical population among the various variable values ​​are arranged in order of size, to form a series, the number of variables listed in the middle position of the median value of a variable is called

Parental level of education for primary school students and the following: 71% promoted from junior high school, 74% promoted from high school to college
Parental education level of junior high school students: 92% promoted from junior high school, 88% promoted from high school to college
Parental level of education for high school students and above: 98% promoted from junior high school, 95% promoted from high school to college.

There are 10% families own 2 or more properties

The report shows that 10% families own two or more properties, and cities such as Shanghai have two sets of family housing to more than other provinces.

Shanghai people in the region's commodity consciousness stronger, more willing to invest, therefore, have two family suites and more than in other regions. Peking Chinese Social Sciences Research Center, deputy Renren Jiang said that because the city high prices, housing The addition of small population, so also in Shanghai, the proportion of households without housing is the highest, "low-income, foreign workers living longer there is little ability to buy houses, the polarization of the more serious."

Education

High-income families
3607 yuan was put into education

The report shows that in the highest 25% of the income level of families for their children's education investment reached 3607 yuan per year, is the lowest-income families more than 2 times.

North China Social Sciences Research Center, deputy Renren Jiang said that China home to the child's educational expectations, although in different regions, different levels of parental education, there are significant differences, but different economic conditions of families no difference. Generally speaking, Chinese families expect their children's education is still pretty high.

The family of the child on Chinese investment in education is high or low, the economic burden of large or small, to the family of the child's education investment accounted for the proportion of household income, the proportion of household expenses or to judge. Is to compare the annual household investment in education and household income, "If the family income 1,000,000, while the family is ￥ 10,000 investment in education, this ratio is only one percent."


google translation

 

[cirr]

Xiangtang-Putian Railway (向莆铁&#36335 tracklaying completed, opening in September 2013

Length: 635.861km
Design Speed: 200km/h
Stations: 24

Xiangtang-Putian Railway connects Jiangxi Province directly to Fujian Province, providing a 3-hour seaport access to inland province of Jiangxi. With its opening Nanchang to Fuzhou's travel time will be reduced from current 11 hours to 3.5 hours.

Testing run：

 

[cirr]

Panying HSR to start trial run on 16.07.2013

Location: Panjin, Liaoning Province, connecting Panjin to Harbin-Dalian HSR
Length: 89.314km _ 8.941km connection line
Max speed: 250kmph

Newly constructed Panjin Station

 

[cirr]

Maoming-Zhanjiang HSR opens by the end of 2013

4.7 bln yuan 103m Maoming-Zhanjiang HSR will start track laying next month. After opening the travel time between Maoming-Zhanjiang will be reduced to 0.5 hour.


Shenzhen-Maoming HSR to start construction in 2013

Location: Guangdong Province, part of coastal HSR
Length: 390.107km
Max speed: 250kmph
Construction: 2013 ~ 2017

Beijing to Haikou to Sanya by HSR in the not too distant future。

 

[shuttler]

Huawei H1 sales revenue up 10.8%

Wednesday, July 24, 2013, 15:56
By Xinhua

credit: ehuaqi,com

Huawei H1 sales revenue up 10.8% - Business - China Daily Asia

credit: kjjykd.com



SHENZHEN - Huawei, a leading global information and communications technology solutions provider, announced Wednesday that its sales revenue in the first six months of this year reached 113.8 billion yuan ($18.4 billion), up 10.8 percent year on year.
Based on robust growth and other positive business indicators, Huawei expects to generate a net profit margin of 7 to 8 percent in 2013, according to its unaudited financial and operational results for the first half of 2013.

"Our success in H1 2013 was mainly driven by the steady growth of the carrier network business, the expansion of the enterprise business, and the fast growth of the consumer business, as well as the continuous enhancement of our overall operational efficiency," said Cathy Meng, chief financial officer of Huawei.

"From these positive indicators, we believe Huawei will generate strong performance and profit margins in the second half of this year and are confident that we will achieve our goal to increase revenue by 10 percent," said Meng.

Huawei, based in the coastal city of Shenzhen in South China's Guangdong province, jumped to 315th on the 2013 Fortune Global 500 list from 351st a year ago. It has surpassed Stockholm-based Ericsson in the rankings with increased revenues and solid earnings propelled by smartphone sales.

 

[cirr]

"High-speed Silk Road" to enliven NW China

July 28, 2013

A high-speed railway that will enable passengers to travel the 1,900 km between the northwest Chinese cities of Lanzhou and Urumqi in eight hours upon completion in 2014 has been hailed for the trade boost it will bring.

The line has been dubbed a "high-speed Silk Road" for the role it will play in transporting goods and people along the historical network of trade routes which still play such a huge part in local commerce. In ancient times, it would have taken two months on camel-back to traverse the branch between the cities now known as Lanzhou and Urumqi.

"It feels like a time warp," says Wu Hanfei, an engineer with the high-speed railway construction project.

Wu came to the construction site at Gaotai County in Zhangye City, Gansu Province, in June 2010 to join thousands of workers.

In his spare time, Wu would look at a nearby railway track which opened to traffic in 1962. The track immediately became important for its ability to shuttle passengers from Lanzhou to Urumqi in 20 hours, and it will continue to operate.

When the new railway opens to traffic in October next year, however, the high-speed line will mostly serve passenger trains while the old one will serve cargo trains. At that point, the old railway will be freed up to transport 424 million tonnes of goods annually, twice as many as at present.

"This will significantly improve the transport capacity in northwest China," says Wu Tianyun, head of the Lanzhou Railway Bureau.

In ancient times, the tough travel conditions made journeying west a painful decision. It was often a one-way trip, with many people finding it impractical to return to the Central Plains.

The new railway will be linked to the country's railway network from Lanzhou after operation. Traveling from Beijing to Urumqi, which are more than 3,000 km apart, will take less than one day.

"By then, traveling west will be enjoyable for people living in central and eastern China, once the ancient Central Plains, because they will get to see historical relics, beautiful scenery, and exotic tradition without fearing they can never come back," says Wu Tianyun.

Cutting the journey time from months to hours, the high-speed Silk Road will change not only people's ways of traveling, but also northwest China's economic structure.

Starting from the ancient city of Chang'an, now known as Xi'an, the Silk Road extends to the Mediterranean region in the west and the Indian subcontinent in the south. Its total length is over 10,000 km, with 4,000 km located within China.

The cities now known as Lanzhou, Dunhuang, and Urumqi are all important stops on the route.

While silk continues to be the key trade good, agriculture, tourism, and the new energy and logistics industries have all boomed along the present-day Silk Road.

In the first four months of 2013, Dunhuang, which holds historical relics relating to the early Silk Road, received 750,000 tourists and a total revenue of 690 million yuan (112.5 million U.S. dollars).

And Wei Zhizhong, director of the Dunhuang Tourism Bureau, predicts, "After the operation of the high-speed railway, we'll see skyrocketing numbers of tourists."

While tourists are an important commodity traveling predominantly east to west along this route, grapes are a big deal going in the other direction.

The fruit used to be restricted largely to west China, with only wealthy families in the Central Plains able to afford it. Nowadays, more than 100,000 tonnes of grapes are transported each year from Dunhuang to central and east China. Some 120,000 mu (8,000 hectares) of land in Dunhuang are dedicated to growing the juicy orbs, and this is expected to expand.

"In ancient times, it would take 5,000 camels walking nearly two months to transport 100,000 tonnes of grapes from the west to central and eastern China," explains Niu Xinjun, a farmer in Qili County of Dunhuang.

In fact, wherever one looks along the Silk Road there are foundations for healthy growth that the new railway will surely build upon. While the Gobi Desert used to mean toil and death, everything seems lively today.

In the suburbs of Yumen City in Gansu, 1,100 wind towers stand along 40 km of desert. Enterprises are transporting steel and iron through railways to Yumen and building bases for new energy and manufacturing industries.

"By 2015, annual sales for these industries will reach 15 billion yuan," beams Yumen mayor Song Cheng.

"High-speed Silk Road" to enliven NW China - China.org.cn

 

[StarCraft_ZT]

Hails to China!

People's money must be given back to the people, not the gov officials.

Unlike in some big democratic country when criminals are elected and bribery is rampant, China is purging and trying and jailing corrupted officials. So no more bribery (aka lavish gifts).


Back to the topic.

Guess all the infrastructures are already there, and no need to spend money on that. On top of that, corrupted officials or to-be-corrupted officials are in check due to the new leadership.

It is not a surprise that money will be spent less. Hopefully China will thus levy less tax against its people.

Thanks! Your points exactly hit the core weakness of current China. I have to admit you know the real weakness more than Chinese.

First, since there is not yet a formal budget law to authorize and moniter how fiscal expenditures are applied, I cannot expect 10 trillion yuan fiscal revenue per year to be used efficiently.

Second, yes, excessive infrastructures with little return should be suspended. Such massive construction projects could stimulate growth maybe in 1997, but not now. Nine provincial governments have a debt ratio more than 100% due to such constructions, even worse than Detroit. Improper allocation of currency into real estate and excessive infrastructure projects have been driving up inflation. Of course, this is due to a lack of fiscal expenditure monitering and budget law.

Third, tax burden is too heavy. I've studied Individual Taxation of US, so I am jealous at US resident's tax burden, especially the substantial amount of exemptions and deductions for each individual. They are much more flexible and milder than the rigescent taxation system of China. No wonder such taxation law are made by several generations' commitment through several decade. Many details in US taxation law really cares the poor and middle class, of course, that is what they have strived for. As for China, VAT reform has began and recently State Council exempted sales tax and VAT of small corporations with less than 20,000 RMB turnover per month, though little can help.

Besides, the most crucial problem I think is the tax sharing system. 60% tax revenue are allocated to central government while only 40% belong to provincial government which undertakes the majority economic projects, you know that Chinese economy is still state leading. So, provincial government with insufficient fund cannot undertake more projects and infrastructure to stimulate growth, they have to directly involve in infrastructure and real estate to make up the insufficient fund and accomplish target designated from central government, such as "increase fiscal revenue" "sustain a 8% growth rate"... They can do whatever to accomplish the targets from central government while ignoring the bad consequences, just because their positions are designated from each upper levels of administration rather than 1.3 billion people with legislative right of supervision.

Unlike in some big democratic country when criminals are elected and bribery is rampant

Maybe you refer to India? I am suspicious of their democracy system. They cannot distinguish vote right from real liberty. I have questioned them many times, what if all of your parties are corrupted? That means Indians can only vote for corrupted parties.

Well, I would say that, as long-term institutions, I am totally against dictatorships. But a dictatorship may be a necessary system for a transitional period. At times it is necessary for a country to have, for a time, some form or other of dictatorial power. As you will understand, it is possible for a dictator to govern in a liberal way. And it is also possible for a democracy to govern with a total lack of liberalism. Personally I prefer a liberal dictator to democratic government lacking liberalism.

I think the above argument can be applied in China. Because we are during the middle age of industrialization and a transitional period with so many social problems, a growing middle class with a sense of civil rights have grown up. Once middle class can achieve a dominate position, political reform will began toward positive sides. I believe all of China's future achievement will be based on rational regulations, rules, principles which everybody including top leaders should obey rather than top leader's words or speech that could deliver an important economic effect.

 

[shuttler]

Zou Shiming beats Jesus Ortega for second professional win
Updated: 2013-07-28 14:11 ( chinadaily.com.cn)

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/sports/2013-07/28/content_16843513.htm

Zou Shiming, center, celebrates after defeating Mexico's Jesus Ortega in Macao, China, July 27, 2013. [Photo/icpress.cn]

MACAO, China - China's two-time Olympic gold medalist Zou Shiming dominated Mexican teenager Jesus Ortega to win his second professional fight by a unanimous decision.

Zou defeated Ortega 59-55 in a six-round flyweight bout in Macao on Saturday.

Zou Shiming, right, fights Mexico's Jesus Ortega during a six-round flyweight bout in Macao, China, July 27, 2013. [Photo/icpress.cn]

 

[shuttler]

Thanks! Your points exactly hit the core weakness of current China. I have to admit you know the real weakness more than Chinese.

First, since there is not yet a formal budget law to authorize and moniter how fiscal expenditures are applied, I cannot expect 10 trillion yuan fiscal revenue per year to be used efficiently.

there is a budget approval and monitoring system in China if now how could the audit department points out the over spending in some provincial governments?

µØ·½Õþ¸®Õ®ÎñºÚ¶´ÒýÖÐÑë¸ß¶È¾¯¾õ Éó¼ÆÊð½«Ïê²é|µØ·½Õ®Îñ|Éó¼ÆÊð|Õ®ÎñºÚ¶´_ÐÂÀËÐÂÎÅ

Second, yes, excessive infrastructures with little return should be suspended. Such massive construction projects could stimulate growth maybe in 1997, but not now. Nine provincial governments have a debt ratio more than 100% due to such constructions, even worse than Detroit. Improper allocation of currency into real estate and excessive infrastructure projects have been driving up inflation. Of course, this is due to a lack of fiscal expenditure monitering and budget law.

On one part I agree sufficient research has to be done on any capital investments by the government but expansionistic approach is necessary for keeping growth and employment - just need to be more accountable and cautious in spending, checking and balancing the works done

Third, tax burden is too heavy. I've studied Individual Taxation of US, so I am jealous at US resident's tax burden, especially the substantial amount of exemptions and deductions for each individual. They are much more flexible and milder than the rigescent taxation system of China. No wonder such taxation law are made by several generations' commitment through several decade. Many details in US taxation law really cares the poor and middle class, of course, that is what they have strived for. As for China, VAT reform has began and recently State Council exempted sales tax and VAT of small corporations with less than 20,000 RMB turnover per month, though little can help.

US tax are quite heavy. They have fed, state and city tax on top of their vat
China also has our subsidies to the poor and dont forget our population size is more than 4 times of that of USA and besides they have abundance of natural resources as a whole and per capita

Besides, the most crucial problem I think is the tax sharing system. 60% tax revenue are allocated to central government while only 40% belong to provincial government which undertakes the majority economic projects, you know that Chinese economy is still state leading. So, provincial government with insufficient fund cannot undertake more projects and infrastructure to stimulate growth, they have to directly involve in infrastructure and real estate to make up the insufficient fund and accomplish target designated from central government, such as "increase fiscal revenue" "sustain a 8% growth rate"... They can do whatever to accomplish the targets from central government while ignoring the bad consequences, just because their positions are designated from each upper levels of administration rather than 1.3 billion people with legislative right of supervision.

The central government has to take care of huge expenditures in military, its maintenance and R and Ds etc; disastrous reliefs,
education, space exploration programs, health care etc

There is no hard and fast cut off in respesct of 60/40 or 70/30 split but if a case like detroit happens in China the central government will definitely give it a hand

Maybe you refer to India? I am suspicious of their democracy system.

They cannot distinguish vote right from real liberty. I have questioned them many times, what if all of your parties are corrupted? That means Indians can only vote for corrupted parties.

Well, I would say that, as long-term institutions, I am totally against dictatorships. But a dictatorship may be a necessary system for a transitional period. At times it is necessary for a country to have, for a time, some form or other of dictatorial power. As you will understand, it is possible for a dictator to govern in a liberal way. And it is also possible for a democracy to govern with a total lack of liberalism. Personally I prefer a liberal dictator to democratic government lacking liberalism.

I think the above argument can be applied in China. Because we are during the middle age of industrialization and a transitional period with so many social problems, a growing middle class with a sense of civil rights have grown up. Once middle class can achieve a dominate position, political reform will began toward positive sides. I believe all of China's future achievement will be based on rational regulations, rules, principles which everybody including top leaders should obey rather than top leader's words or speech that could deliver an important economic effect.

despite tremendous romanitcising of india's democracy, it is a fallure PERIOD - how can a country allowing 2 million kids ( only just counting the under 5 year olds) dying out of malnourishment each year? how can little girls as young as a few months old repeatedly get raped? and many more other terribly unsightly things - all happening in india on a daily basis. Dont believe? read their newspaper!

 

[StarCraft_ZT]

there is a budget approval and monitoring system in China if now how could the audit department points out the over spending in some provincial governments?

我发现英文不好说的，用中文说吧。我指的其实是预算法。不是审计局审计全国地方政府债务。

　　

人大如何加强对预算监督？

　　叶青表示，参加座谈的多数专家学者认为，管好政府钱袋子，最重要的就是监督体系。因此在二审稿基础上，还是应该从立法层面加大预算监督，特别是人大监督，明确全国人民代表大会可以授权人大常委会，审查、监督预算编制和预算执行。

　　王连洲指出，不论是现行《预算法》还是修正案，都没有提及一个重要内容“人大不批准预算怎么办”。“在美国，如果议会不批准预算，那么政府连工资都发不出来。所以，立法还是应该对‘人大不批准预算’做出规定。这样，人大监督才会落到实处。”

我的意思用英文没有说的太清楚，其实是人大应该拥有财政收支的立法权和监督权。遏制三公消费，取缔小金库。现在的情况是财政部，国务院权力太大。再举个例子，之前北京20%房产税就是国务院一声令下搞出来的，并没有经过监督和决议。

至于审计全国地方政府性债务这一块儿，其实仅仅是第三次，从2010年开始的，也就地方政府推高房地产泡沫的时候，而预算法是1994年设立的。这个授权是国务院的，不是立法体系下的日常监督。

On one part I agree sufficient research has to be done on any capital investments by the government but expansionistic approach is necessary for keeping growth and employment - just need to be more accountable and cautious in spending, checking and balancing the works done

是的，政府主导的投资需要更关注效益，投资方向，比如侧重于新兴实体产业，而不是已经产能过剩的煤化工和房地产，这样的内生增长更加持久。

The central government has to take care of huge expenditures in military, its maintenance and R and Ds etc; disastrous reliefs,
education, space exploration programs, health care etc

There is no hard and fast cut off in respesct of 60/40 or 70/30 split but if a case like detroit happens in China the central government will definitely give it a hand

是的，中国政府肯定不允许底特律情况出现。某省会负债率已经高达186%了，吓人。虽然中央不允许这种破产，但是，并不意味着纵容。
记的前一阵光大银行60亿债务违约吧，导致银行间同业拆借利率飙升，钱都贷出去给房地产了。之前银行有很多次这种情况，将要违约，但是央行最终还是通过继续发型货币给他们救下了。今年的统计结果，M2已经103万亿了。热钱太tm多了，远远超过实体经济所需。

中国人民银行2013.4.11日公布的3月金融统计数据显示， 截至3月末，中国广义货币（M2）余额达103.61万亿元，首次突破百万亿元大关。中国3月M2供应同比增长15.6%，预期增长14.6%。由于1月金融机构新增外汇占款创出历史新高，2月CPI高于预期，业内人士担心，如果未来外汇占款增加仍较快，货币供应过量，则央行会调控信贷，减少贷款投放，而货币总量已远远高出实体经济变化，货币超发将冲击物价、推高房价，最大的受害者是国内消费者。

看好李克强的措施。他的意思就是，控制新货币发行，盘活现存货币量，把现有的货币资金从房地产市场转移出来，转移到可以持续增长的实体经济中。

despite tremendous romanitcising of india's democracy, it is a fallure PERIOD - how can a country allowing 2 million kids ( only just counting the under 5 year olds) dying out of malnourishment each year? how can little girls as young as a few months old repeatedly get raped? and many more other terribly unsightly things - all happening in india on a daily basis. Dont believe? read their newspaper!

印度的民主就是个笑话，他们搞不清投票和自由的关系，只能投给一群贪官，继续被压榨，还特有优越感。

 

[StarCraft_ZT]

US tax are quite heavy. They have fed, state and city tax on top of their vat
China also has our subsidies to the poor and dont forget our population size is more than 4 times of that of USA and besides they have abundance of natural resources as a whole and per capita

我在美国系统地学习过联邦个税，用过一些报税软件，美国个税比中国轻，而且人性化。增值税是公司税范畴，我还没学到。

这个图里的项目都是一些减免项，或者说豁免额，从总的劳务性收入和资本性收入中扣除掉。然后再按累进税率计算。

举个例子，65岁以上老人，额外获得每个月1500刀的豁免额，计算所得税的时候从总的收入中扣除。家庭当中，每个人都有dependency exemptions，大概是3800刀的样子，也从总收入中扣除。如果是寡妇，减免额度更大。你照顾老人，收养孩子，都会获得税收优惠。这一切都从制度上杜绝了腐败。中国的财政性转移支付我敢说到了地方上，都被克扣的差不多了。

由此可见，美国收入低的家庭税收负担轻，收入越高，赋税越重，这就很合理了。

年入15万还不用缴个人所得税

　　由于美国税收体系中有太多的优惠条款，民众为了少缴税而又不触犯法律，利用各种税收上的渠道和方式，达到合法避税的目的，下面我们观察一下美国高收入人群合法避税最常见的例子。马克2010年自己开了一家公司，专为家庭主妇作理财的财务顾问。马克2010年的收入不高也不低，15万美元，按理说这样的收入缴纳的个人所得税一年还不得个两三万美元的，但事实并非如此。

　　首先第一年开公司可以获得最高1万美元成本费的减免，好在马克挺诚实，这种减免费他报了7000美元。开公司就要有成本，像购买计算机、手机、办公室家具、为生意而支付的差旅费甚至买的汽车主要是用于商业上的用途，这些费用都可以被合法地从收入中减除。马克2010年这些费用减除了1万美元，两项加起来，他的可报税收入剩下133000美元。马克虽然是自己为自己打工，但也要支付社会安全税和医保税，从报税法人的角度，马克既是老板，也是雇员，一个人就有了两种身份，所以每年要付社会安全税和医保税19000美元，不过在报税时只可以扣除一半，也就是9500美元，这时马克的可报税收入为123500美元。

　　以上都是些常规的个人收入可扣除的项目，下面的扣除项目就有创造性了，那就看每个人如何运用了。自我雇佣者，也就是自己一个人顶天立地，里里外外一把手，只要能赚到钱就是好汉。自我雇佣者也可以设立公司为雇员提供的退休计划401（k），不过这种401(k)称之为自我雇佣者（Solo）401(k)。自我雇佣者401(k)有个很大的好处，一个人可以变成从两面向退休计划投钱。作为雇员，一年最多可以向退休账户投入16500美元，这笔钱不用报税。作为雇主，从公司的角度可以为自己的退休账户投入纯收入20%的资金。按马克的例子，他一年可以在退休账户上投入43100美元。往退休账户里投钱，等于是积攒养老钱，而且在退休前这些收入都不需缴纳个人所得税。除了401(k)退休账户外，马克还向个人退休账户投入不用缴税的5000美元收入，也为妻子投入同样不需要缴税的5000美元收入，两者合计就为1万美元。马克2010年投入退休账户上的钱合计为53100美元，这时马克的可报税收入已从年收入15万美元大幅降到70400美元

　　马克的可纳税收入左转右转、三下两下就减了一多半，那剩下70400美元的可纳税收入还能不能再降了呢？其实，美国个人所得税报税真正的逐条减项还没开始，马克首先可以在逐条减项中扣除1万美元的收入，这包括缴纳的州税和地方税，马克购房贷款有20万美元，年利率为5%，一年要缴住房贷款利息1万美元，所以马克的收入还可以扣除1万美元，这样马克的可报税收入只剩下50400美元。自我雇佣者最头大的事事购买医疗保险，因为这要自掏腰包。不过从税务角度来看也不是坏事，马克将为自己、老婆和孩子购买的医疗保险费用从收入中减掉。同时马克也可以利用免税的健康储蓄账户，减少可纳税收入。马克一家一年购买医疗保险花费1万美元，加上他为家人设立的健康储蓄账户投入最高限额的6150美元，这时马克的可报税收入为34250美元。

　　马克的孩子上大学并获得杰出学生教育贷款，这样每年马克可以从收入中减掉2500美元，同时马克也可在收入中减去4000美元为孩子支付的学杂费。两个教育减项合计6500美元，减掉这些，可报税收入下降到27750美元。最后轮到每一个家庭都会享受到的人头免税额，马克、妻子和上大学的儿子合起来一起报税，免税额合计为10950美元。这时候，马克的可报税收入仅为16800美元，即使缴税，个人所得税也就缴1680美元。

　　这时马克要缴1680美元的个人所得税可谓只赚不赔，但如果脑筋再转转弯，那就更加实惠了。马克自家住宅上安装了太阳能电池板、节能窗户和节能锅炉，这些花费约1500美元。政府鼓励民众环保，大笔一挥花费要减掉，1680美元减去1500美元，剩下应缴的税为180美元。马克的妻子虽然不工作，但却在成人教育学院读书，每年花费1000美元。这种花费的20%可以列入课税扣除，那就是200美元。结果年收入15万美元的马克，不仅不用缴纳个人所得税，政府还需为他退税20美元。美国富人为何可以冠冕堂皇地少缴税，看过这个例子也许能明白个两三分。

 

[shuttler]

我发现英文不好说的，用中文说吧。我指的其实是预算法。不是审计局审计全国地方政府债务。

预算法是需要的
但不能忽视审计是很好的行政手段
在现行的中国制度下，审计更要加大力度
　　

我的意思用英文没有说的太清楚，其实是人大应该拥有财政收支的立法权和监督权。遏制三公消费，取缔小金库。现在的情况是财政部，国务院权力太大。再举个例子，之前北京20%房产税就是国务院一声令下搞出来的，并没有经过监督和决议。

”国务院权力太大“ 不大不行啊！ 地方政府不听话！

至于审计全国地方政府性债务这一块儿，其实仅仅是第三次，从2010年开始的，也就地方政府推高房地产泡沫的时候，而预算法是1994年设立的。这个授权是国务院的，不是立法体系下的日常监督。

所以审计有加大力度. 因为法律漏洞很多， 没来的及堵塞

是的，政府主导的投资需要更关注效益，投资方向，比如侧重于新兴实体产业，而不是已经产能过剩的煤化工和房地产，这样的内生增长更加持久。

问题是新兴产业不一定有利润 风险大 回报期长
我们其实 有很多产业是自己不争气

是的，中国政府肯定不允许底特律情况出现。某省会负债率已经高达186%了，吓人。虽然中央不允许这种破产，但是，并不意味着纵容。
记的前一阵光大银行60亿债务违约吧，导致银行间同业拆借利率飙升，钱都贷出去给房地产了。之前银行有很多次这种情况，将要违约，但是央行最终还是通过继续发型货币给他们救下了。今年的统计结果，M2已经103万亿了。热钱太tm多了，远远超过实体经济所需。

M2 与 热钱流入有关 外资与投行想借利率差混水摸鱼
至于某省的负债率， 是大问题， 入不敷出都是老问题。 短期只能靠发债 开流 节省开支来处理

看好李克强的措施。他的意思就是，控制新货币发行，盘活现存货币量，把现有的货币资金从房地产市场转移出来，转移到可以持续增长的实体经济中。

不能太硬， 要适量宽松一点点，不能一拳打死老虎
今年国企还有 11% 增长

印度的民主就是个笑话，他们搞不清投票和自由的关系，只能投给一群贪官，继续被压榨，还特有优越感。

他们的问题恐怕不单单是贪官， 多的很呢