DavidSling
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Amir Rapaport's column, analyzing the challenges and opportunities the Israeli defense establishment is expected to face in the year 2016
1. A New Long-Term Plan for IDF. 2016 opens with a new multi-year plan for the IDF codenamed “Gideon”. It is the first long-term plan since the expiration of the “Tefen” plan in 2011. In the last few years, the IDF conducted its affairs without a formally-endorsed multi-year plan, owing to the incessant controversies between the defense establishment and the Ministry of Finance regarding the defense budget.
Since the expiration of the “Tefen” plan, the Middle East has changed dramatically. On the one hand, the Syrian Army has completely disintegrated during this period and the threat it imposes has diminished, but on the other hand – the instability that now characterizes the Middle East is extremely dangerous. The borders have evolved into wild frontier areas. Israel is threatened by tens of thousands of missiles – of which many are highly accurate. The Iranian nuclear project constitutes an unprecedented threat to Israel now and in the coming years as well, despite the agreement signed between Iran and the superpowers in July 2015. The recent surge of knife attacks is yet another new security situation that is expected to remain with us well into the future.
Back to the “Gideon” plan: this multi-year plan is intended to adapt the IDF to the new reality – with fewer tanks (pursuant to previous cuts), more protected APCs and light vehicles and the expected assimilation of two squadrons of F-35 future fighters. Over the years of this plan, the IDF will also assimilate new Dolphin-class submarines made in Germany, but it is not yet clear whether the submarine fleet will be expanded to 6 or one of the older submarines will be decommissioned and the number of submarines would be set at 5.
Either way, in the context of the plan, the IDF General Staff decided to develop ten “super capabilities” for the IDF and revise the power build-up method so that each arm makes the decisions regarding the elements of its own power build-up process within the confines of the budget allocated to it, rather than having the decisions made by the Planning Directorate of the IDF General Staff. It was further decided to reinforce the logistics elements within the Ground Arm at the expense of the Logistics Directorate of the IDF General Staff, and to take a series of new steps, including the intention to establish a cyber warfare command within IDF.
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
2. A New Cyber Warfare Era. The establishment of the new cyber warfare command is not just a technical measure. It reflects the concept according to which cyberspace is a new realm of warfare, just like the air, which had not existed as one of the realms of the battlefield until the early 20th century, but evolved into an inseparable part of it since then.
Cyber warfare has, quite naturally, many civilian and commercial aspects. From a military perspective, cyber warfare is conceived as highly important with regard to two primary aspects – maintaining intelligence superiority and gaining tangible accomplishments on the battlefield through cyber warfare attacks.
As far as the intelligence aspect is concerned, cyberspace is currently an intelligence gathering medium that leads to information, while in the past most communication processes took place only through radio communication networks or telephone lines.
As far as cyber warfare attacks that create a tangible effect on the ground are concerned, the attack known as Stuxnet, executed in the last decade against Iran’s nuclear facilities and attributed in foreign media reports to the USA and Israel, is the best known example. Presumably, this was only the beginning of the use of cyberspace for physical attack purposes.
Another aspect that sets cyber warfare apart is the fact that it goes on almost continuously, with no party having to assume responsibility or declare the opening of an operation as was the norm for the “old” battlefield. During the recent years, hostile elements staged a cyber warfare attack against an extensive range of objectives in Israel. This fact is almost unknown outside the circle of specialists involved in cyber warfare.
As 2016 approaches, in the context of the preparations for the establishment of the new cyber warfare command in the IDF, a first step was made with the appointment of a brigadier-general officer to coordinate the cyber warfare attack and intelligence gathering operations on behalf of the IDF Intelligence Directorate, and another officer of the same rank was placed in charge of all defensive operations. Later on, a major-general officer will be appointed as commander of the cyber warfare command in charge of both of those officers, but the IDF General Staff is still debating whether the new command will be completely independent (as per the original intention of the Chief of Staff) or subordinated in one way or another to the IDF Intelligence Directorate (as the authorities within the Intelligence Directorate insist).
3. A New Mossad. 2016 begins with a dramatic change within the Israeli intelligence agency, pursuant to the appointment of Yossi Cohen as the new Chief of the Mossad in place of Tamir Pardo, who retires to become a civilian.
Cohen will not have even one day of grace, although none of the issues awaiting his attention will be new to him – he had dealt with all of them in his previous positions as Deputy Chief of Mossad and as head of the National Security Staff.
With regard to Iran, the first and foremost objective of the Mossad under Yossi Cohen will be to collect evidence that proves the fact that the Iranians continue to strive for military nuclear power, contrary to their assurances in the agreement, and if so required – to foil the Iranian nuclear program (for the time being, only Israel claims that Iran has not forsaken its nuclear program).
With regard to ISIS, al-Qaeda and Hezbollah, the Mossad is in charge of collecting intelligence and countering terrorism outside of Israel’s borders. In this context, the Islamic State organization does not mince its words about targeting Israeli and Jewish objectives. Additionally, a long list of terrorist organizations all over the world have never forsaken their intention to stage attacks against Israeli and Jewish objectives.
The Mossad has an advantage over other western intelligence agencies as it is physically close to the focal points of ISIS activity in the Middle East. The agency is an inseparable element of the global fight against terrorism and ISIS, and its involvement in this effort will only intensify during Yossi Cohen’s term in office. He will attend numerous meetings in various European capitals in connection with this issue – not only in Paris. At the same time, he will maintain a unique relationship with other countries in the region. According to various reports from around the world, Israel is maintaining intimate relations with countries in the Persian Gulf. The element linking the countries is the common enemy – Iran.
Cohen will also face an internal challenge: the appointment of a new chief always rattles the top echelon of the Mossad. Additionally, Cohen will take over the Mossad after the agency had undergone quite a few organizational upheavals in recent years. Tamir Pardo, the former chief, had led a series of organizational revisions. In the context of one of those revisions, the Mossad’s staff was reinforced and responsibilities that were once the exclusive domain of the operational divisions were delegated to it.
At the same time, Cohen will endeavor to improve the Mossad’s relations with fellow security agencies in Israel, and in particular to settle an issue that has been the cause of controversy with ISA, namely – which of the two agencies should be responsible for collecting intelligence in the Gaza Strip, which is currently controlled by Hamas and is no longer an “Israeli” territory.
The relations among Israel’s three intelligence agencies – the IDF Intelligence Directorate, ISA and Mossad – are better than ever before. In the era of endless information, these agencies must set aside the controversies between them and enhance their cooperation, in order to extract significant bits of information from the countless texts and signals flowing through the web.
4. A Threat to Israeli Air Superiority. Another significant development that occurred just before the New Year is the deployment to the Middle East of Russian-made state-of-the-art surface-to-air missile systems. The Russians have deployed their top-of-the-line S-400 SAM batteries to Syria following the shooting down of one of their fighter aircraft by the Turkish Air Force – despite the fact that the Russian fighter was shot down in air combat and not by an anti-aircraft system.
The advanced Russian air defense system is another highly significant development as far as the Israeli Air Force is concerned, as it no longer enjoys complete air superiority in the region. The Russian system can spot any Israeli aircraft from ranges of hundreds of kilometers and target it. That is the reason why the coordination between the IDF and the Russian military has become a top priority for Israel.
This coordination proved itself in December 2015, when the IAF avoided intercepting a Russian aircraft that had entered Israeli airspace by mistake. The shooting down of a Russian aircraft could have complicated Israel with Russia and lead to a similar situation to the confrontation between the Turkish President Erdogan and the Russian President Putin, pursuant to the incident that Erdogan must be regretting by now.
Israel currently believes the Russian undertaking, according to which their state-of-the-art air defense system will only be operated by Russian servicemen and would not end up in the hands of Hezbollah in one way or another.
But that is not all: in the IAF they are preparing for the implementation of the deal between Russia and Iran involving the supply of the S-300 SAM system.
The system to be delivered to Iran is only slightly less advanced than the missile systems used by the Russian Army itself and the deal in question is based on an agreement that had been signed between the two countries about ten years ago and has not been implemented pursuant to the sanctions imposed on Iran.Israel regards this deal as fait accompli which can no longer be foiled.
For more information about the dramatic regional developments in late 2015 and early 2016, refer to our exclusive interview with Maj. Gen. (res.) Amos Gilad, Director of Policy and Political-Military Affairs at IMOD, in our 30th issue.
5. Defense Industries. 2015 has been one of the most difficult years in recent history for the Israeli defense industries that experienced a significant drop in the scope of defense exports.
The data for 2015 have not been finalized yet, but at best, Israeli defense exports for 2015 will amount to US$ 4 billion, compared to more than US$ 7 billion per year two to three years ago. The bright side is that some giant transactions are currently under discussion, and could turn 2016 into a very good year for Israeli defense exports.
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Challenges & Opportunities in 2016 | Israel Defense
Israeli drones : Israeli drones
Israel anti missile mutlilayer systems : Israel defense forces current and future interceptors
Israel space agency : Israel Space Industry
Israel cyber : Israel : Beersheva goes cyber
1. A New Long-Term Plan for IDF. 2016 opens with a new multi-year plan for the IDF codenamed “Gideon”. It is the first long-term plan since the expiration of the “Tefen” plan in 2011. In the last few years, the IDF conducted its affairs without a formally-endorsed multi-year plan, owing to the incessant controversies between the defense establishment and the Ministry of Finance regarding the defense budget.
Since the expiration of the “Tefen” plan, the Middle East has changed dramatically. On the one hand, the Syrian Army has completely disintegrated during this period and the threat it imposes has diminished, but on the other hand – the instability that now characterizes the Middle East is extremely dangerous. The borders have evolved into wild frontier areas. Israel is threatened by tens of thousands of missiles – of which many are highly accurate. The Iranian nuclear project constitutes an unprecedented threat to Israel now and in the coming years as well, despite the agreement signed between Iran and the superpowers in July 2015. The recent surge of knife attacks is yet another new security situation that is expected to remain with us well into the future.
Back to the “Gideon” plan: this multi-year plan is intended to adapt the IDF to the new reality – with fewer tanks (pursuant to previous cuts), more protected APCs and light vehicles and the expected assimilation of two squadrons of F-35 future fighters. Over the years of this plan, the IDF will also assimilate new Dolphin-class submarines made in Germany, but it is not yet clear whether the submarine fleet will be expanded to 6 or one of the older submarines will be decommissioned and the number of submarines would be set at 5.
Either way, in the context of the plan, the IDF General Staff decided to develop ten “super capabilities” for the IDF and revise the power build-up method so that each arm makes the decisions regarding the elements of its own power build-up process within the confines of the budget allocated to it, rather than having the decisions made by the Planning Directorate of the IDF General Staff. It was further decided to reinforce the logistics elements within the Ground Arm at the expense of the Logistics Directorate of the IDF General Staff, and to take a series of new steps, including the intention to establish a cyber warfare command within IDF.
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
2. A New Cyber Warfare Era. The establishment of the new cyber warfare command is not just a technical measure. It reflects the concept according to which cyberspace is a new realm of warfare, just like the air, which had not existed as one of the realms of the battlefield until the early 20th century, but evolved into an inseparable part of it since then.
Cyber warfare has, quite naturally, many civilian and commercial aspects. From a military perspective, cyber warfare is conceived as highly important with regard to two primary aspects – maintaining intelligence superiority and gaining tangible accomplishments on the battlefield through cyber warfare attacks.
As far as the intelligence aspect is concerned, cyberspace is currently an intelligence gathering medium that leads to information, while in the past most communication processes took place only through radio communication networks or telephone lines.
As far as cyber warfare attacks that create a tangible effect on the ground are concerned, the attack known as Stuxnet, executed in the last decade against Iran’s nuclear facilities and attributed in foreign media reports to the USA and Israel, is the best known example. Presumably, this was only the beginning of the use of cyberspace for physical attack purposes.
Another aspect that sets cyber warfare apart is the fact that it goes on almost continuously, with no party having to assume responsibility or declare the opening of an operation as was the norm for the “old” battlefield. During the recent years, hostile elements staged a cyber warfare attack against an extensive range of objectives in Israel. This fact is almost unknown outside the circle of specialists involved in cyber warfare.
As 2016 approaches, in the context of the preparations for the establishment of the new cyber warfare command in the IDF, a first step was made with the appointment of a brigadier-general officer to coordinate the cyber warfare attack and intelligence gathering operations on behalf of the IDF Intelligence Directorate, and another officer of the same rank was placed in charge of all defensive operations. Later on, a major-general officer will be appointed as commander of the cyber warfare command in charge of both of those officers, but the IDF General Staff is still debating whether the new command will be completely independent (as per the original intention of the Chief of Staff) or subordinated in one way or another to the IDF Intelligence Directorate (as the authorities within the Intelligence Directorate insist).
3. A New Mossad. 2016 begins with a dramatic change within the Israeli intelligence agency, pursuant to the appointment of Yossi Cohen as the new Chief of the Mossad in place of Tamir Pardo, who retires to become a civilian.
Cohen will not have even one day of grace, although none of the issues awaiting his attention will be new to him – he had dealt with all of them in his previous positions as Deputy Chief of Mossad and as head of the National Security Staff.
With regard to Iran, the first and foremost objective of the Mossad under Yossi Cohen will be to collect evidence that proves the fact that the Iranians continue to strive for military nuclear power, contrary to their assurances in the agreement, and if so required – to foil the Iranian nuclear program (for the time being, only Israel claims that Iran has not forsaken its nuclear program).
With regard to ISIS, al-Qaeda and Hezbollah, the Mossad is in charge of collecting intelligence and countering terrorism outside of Israel’s borders. In this context, the Islamic State organization does not mince its words about targeting Israeli and Jewish objectives. Additionally, a long list of terrorist organizations all over the world have never forsaken their intention to stage attacks against Israeli and Jewish objectives.
The Mossad has an advantage over other western intelligence agencies as it is physically close to the focal points of ISIS activity in the Middle East. The agency is an inseparable element of the global fight against terrorism and ISIS, and its involvement in this effort will only intensify during Yossi Cohen’s term in office. He will attend numerous meetings in various European capitals in connection with this issue – not only in Paris. At the same time, he will maintain a unique relationship with other countries in the region. According to various reports from around the world, Israel is maintaining intimate relations with countries in the Persian Gulf. The element linking the countries is the common enemy – Iran.
Cohen will also face an internal challenge: the appointment of a new chief always rattles the top echelon of the Mossad. Additionally, Cohen will take over the Mossad after the agency had undergone quite a few organizational upheavals in recent years. Tamir Pardo, the former chief, had led a series of organizational revisions. In the context of one of those revisions, the Mossad’s staff was reinforced and responsibilities that were once the exclusive domain of the operational divisions were delegated to it.
At the same time, Cohen will endeavor to improve the Mossad’s relations with fellow security agencies in Israel, and in particular to settle an issue that has been the cause of controversy with ISA, namely – which of the two agencies should be responsible for collecting intelligence in the Gaza Strip, which is currently controlled by Hamas and is no longer an “Israeli” territory.
The relations among Israel’s three intelligence agencies – the IDF Intelligence Directorate, ISA and Mossad – are better than ever before. In the era of endless information, these agencies must set aside the controversies between them and enhance their cooperation, in order to extract significant bits of information from the countless texts and signals flowing through the web.
4. A Threat to Israeli Air Superiority. Another significant development that occurred just before the New Year is the deployment to the Middle East of Russian-made state-of-the-art surface-to-air missile systems. The Russians have deployed their top-of-the-line S-400 SAM batteries to Syria following the shooting down of one of their fighter aircraft by the Turkish Air Force – despite the fact that the Russian fighter was shot down in air combat and not by an anti-aircraft system.
The advanced Russian air defense system is another highly significant development as far as the Israeli Air Force is concerned, as it no longer enjoys complete air superiority in the region. The Russian system can spot any Israeli aircraft from ranges of hundreds of kilometers and target it. That is the reason why the coordination between the IDF and the Russian military has become a top priority for Israel.
This coordination proved itself in December 2015, when the IAF avoided intercepting a Russian aircraft that had entered Israeli airspace by mistake. The shooting down of a Russian aircraft could have complicated Israel with Russia and lead to a similar situation to the confrontation between the Turkish President Erdogan and the Russian President Putin, pursuant to the incident that Erdogan must be regretting by now.
Israel currently believes the Russian undertaking, according to which their state-of-the-art air defense system will only be operated by Russian servicemen and would not end up in the hands of Hezbollah in one way or another.
But that is not all: in the IAF they are preparing for the implementation of the deal between Russia and Iran involving the supply of the S-300 SAM system.
The system to be delivered to Iran is only slightly less advanced than the missile systems used by the Russian Army itself and the deal in question is based on an agreement that had been signed between the two countries about ten years ago and has not been implemented pursuant to the sanctions imposed on Iran.Israel regards this deal as fait accompli which can no longer be foiled.
For more information about the dramatic regional developments in late 2015 and early 2016, refer to our exclusive interview with Maj. Gen. (res.) Amos Gilad, Director of Policy and Political-Military Affairs at IMOD, in our 30th issue.
5. Defense Industries. 2015 has been one of the most difficult years in recent history for the Israeli defense industries that experienced a significant drop in the scope of defense exports.
The data for 2015 have not been finalized yet, but at best, Israeli defense exports for 2015 will amount to US$ 4 billion, compared to more than US$ 7 billion per year two to three years ago. The bright side is that some giant transactions are currently under discussion, and could turn 2016 into a very good year for Israeli defense exports.
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Challenges & Opportunities in 2016 | Israel Defense
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