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Bangladesh signs two OBOR deals with China

India is only country in the region boycotted the OBOR summit.
India boycotts OBOR summit over CPEC
Awami league being true indian servant, did not send "Prime Minister" to OBOR summit that is immensely important for Bangladesh future growth and investment. 29 heads of state and almost 50 countries represented in OBOR summit. By not going to OBOR summit, Sheikh Hasina aligned with indian wish rather than Bangladesh growth and investment.

China to invest heavily in Belt and Road countries
Ma Si
Updated: May 13,2017 7:12 AM China Daily
China will pour more investment into countries and regions related to the Belt and Road Initiative to boost international cooperation in production capacity, a senior official with the nation’s top economic planning body said on May 12.
Chinese outbound investment is forecast to total $600 billion to $800 billion over the next five years, a fairly large proportion of which will go into markets related to the Belt and Road Initiative,” said Ning Jizhe, vice-minister of the National Development and Reform Commission, at a news conference.
Just looking at investment amount one can easily figures out what is at stake for Bangladesh. Awami league is hurting Bangladesh interest and investment prospect by not pursuing BCM (Bangladesh, China Myanmar) corridor when india is not interested in the project and obstructing. Instead, low level delegation of awami indian servants are pushing for BCIM, an india eccentric corridor that they know road leads to nowhere.
 
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Few maps of OBOR

Maritime Silk Route.


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View attachment 396744

LARGE MAP OF ROAD LINKS.jpg


Where exactly does India fit in relating to Bangladesh both in the Maritime and Land routes?
 
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Who attended the summit for Bangladesh?
Kindly place your question before the Awami League Government.
:-):-):-)

Before that where is direct connection between BD and China. Any thing that links BD to China should pass through India. With India skipping OBOR..........

Please refer to the maps in post # 18 above.:-):-):-)
 
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India isolates itself as the rest of Asia joins China’s OBOR summit
P K Balachandran, May 15, 2017

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Nepalese Foreign Secretary S.D.Bairagi and Chinese Ambassador Yu Hong after signing MoU on OBOR
By spurning China’s invitation to be part of the multi-billion dollar, multi-continental One Belt One Road (OBOR) project on an issue of “sovereignty” India has completely isolated itself from Asia, and even its immediate neighborhood, South Asia, over which it claims exclusive influence.

All countries of South Asia, except India’s fiefdom of Bhutan, attended the OBOR summit at Yangqui Lake in the outskirts of Beijing being held on May 14 and 15.

The Maldives had joined the OBOR in 2014, and Bangladesh had signed up in 2016. Sri Lanka automatically became part of OBOR after the construction of the Hambantota port in 2010. Pakistan too had become a part of it as a result of the construction of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). And Nepal signed up this month.

Even countries which have complained of China’s hegemonic tendencies like Japan and Vietnam, had sent high level delegations to the meeting. The anti-Chinese Trump administration in the US had also sent a high level delegation headed by White House Advisor Matt Pottinger. From Nepal came its Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Krishna Bahadur Mahara. Sri Lanka was represented by Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe and the Minister of Strategic Development Malik Samarawickrama.

China has been consistently calling upon India to set aside political differences including long standing sovereignty issue over Pakistan-held Kashmir and join the OBOR for the sake of the long term economic development of South Asia and the world.

Speaking to the Nepalese paper Kathmandu Post recently, Prof. Hu Shisheng, Director of the Institute of South, South East Asian and Oceanic Studies, said that India should have no difficulty in joining the OBOR as it is already deeply involved in building international connectivity through the Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal Initiative (BBIN) and the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC).

“India will naturally become part of the OBOR initiative whether New Delhi accepts it or not,” Prof.Hu said.

But the Chinese scholar feared that India could put pressure on the countries of South Asia, except Pakistan, to opt out of the OBOR and these countries may not be able to stand up to pressure or “disturbance” from India.

The wide-ranging MoU which India had entered into with Sri Lanka in New Delhi on April 25, could well be part of this pressure tactic. The projects mentioned in the MoU, each to be done as per a strict timetable, cover roads, railways, ports development, power generation and the setting of industrial or economic zones.

These are the very same things China’s OBOR is offering to the 68 countries it is hoping to rope into this multi-billion dollar project. Out of these, 28 were present at the Beijing meet on May 14.

However, undeterred by the April 25 MoU, and the visit of the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on May 11 and 12, Sri Lankan Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe took off for the OBOR summit on May 13. Bangladesh too set aside fears about annoying India, and soon after an official visit of Prime Minister Sheik Hasina to New Delhi, sent a delegation to the summit.

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Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe accompanied by Professor Maithree Wickremesinghe arrived at Beijing Capital International Airport, China (13th May).
While all these South Asian countries are eager to use China’s financial, industrial and technical resources to improve their infrastructure and services, India is staying out over the question of sovereignty over an area which had not been under its control since 1947.

India is objecting to OBOR in its entirety just because a part of it, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) passes through Gilgit and Baltistan which are part of Kashmir but which Pakistan seized in 1947. India also fears that the success of the OBOR in its neighborhood will lead to its neighbors looking up to China rather than India for economic aid, investments and security. India may cease to be the dominant power in South Asia.
But then, India does not realize that despite many shared characteristics, cultural affinities, systemic similarities, and a shared history, its relations with its South Asian neighbors have been none too good. India is viewed as expansionist, interfering and domineering. Even its well intentioned schemes for the common good are viewed with suspicion.

Additionally, in this era of rapid economic development, when every nation wants to develop its economy and infrastructure, there is a search for finances and technical expertise which China can now provide in abundance but India cannot. India is itself extremely deficient in infrastructure both in terms of quantity and quality. Economically, India is a good 13 years behind India as the Chinese Ambassador in India, Luo Zhaohui, said in New Delhi recently.

China Steps Up Contribution To OBOR
According to Xinhua, China plans to enhance its contribution to the OBOR. It will be spending US$ 14.5 billion more on the project. The China Development Bank and the China Exim Bank will lend US$ 55.1 billion for OBOR projects. It will give US$ 1 billion for South-South cooperation projects; US$ 1 billion to international agencies involved in OBOR projects; and US$ 290 million has been allocated for emergency food relief and US$ 8.7 billion for civil (socially relevant) projects.

The OBOR, conceived in 2013 by Chinese President Xi Jinping, is a combination of the 21st. Century Maritime Silk Road and the Silk Road Economic Belt. While political and strategic expansionism is certainly at the back of China’s mind in devising the OBOR, the project also has its roots in China’s urgent need to find external outlets for its excess industrial capacity, after having completed all its development works at home. China is now trying hard to marry its excess capacity with the acute hunger for infrastructural development in many parts of the world which are just about developing. And this is clearly for mutual good.

China Needs India
However as senior Indian journalist Prem Shankar Jha said in a recent article in The Wire the OBOR will be a profitable venture only if India joins it. Unlike many of the other Asian beneficiaries, it is only India which can give big projects and a large number of contracts too. Perhaps only India may be able to repay the loans. In the case of many others China may end up with non-performing assets (as in Sri Lanka).

This is the reason why China has been consistently inviting India to join in. But Indian Prime Minister Modi and the Establishment in New Delhi have turned a deaf ear to these pleas.
“Modi has cut his nose to spite China’s face”, Jha says.
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Nawaz Sharif and his Chinese couterpart Li Keqiang what as officials sign an MoU at OBOR summit
Making Hay While India Stays Away

As Modi stays away, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal are making hay. Pakistan has just signed an MoU with China to develop five big reservoirs as part of the Indus River Cascade (IRC), with the potential to generate 40,000 mw of power. The immediate objective of the IRC is to generate 22,33 mw. The US$ 50 billion MoU on IRC, will supplement the US$ 50 million pledged to the CPEC.
The MoU was signed knowing full well that the IRC covers the disputed Gilgit-Baluchistan region of Kashmir.

Bangladesh and China recently signed 27 deals in addition to existing mega projects like the 1320 mw Payra therma power plant, the building of a multi-lane tunnel under the Karnaphuli river and a bridge over the Padma river, and the procurement of six vessels. The Maldives will be using Chinese funds and expertise to further develop the Male airport, originally built by an Indian company.

Within three weeks after signing an exhaustive MoU with India, Sri Lanka on Saturday signed a comprehensive Framework Agreement with China. Titled “Outline of Medium and Long-term Development Plan for Investment, Economic and Technological Cooperation”, the agreement envisages providing transparent legal foundations, institutional environments and favorable investment conditions for a number of priority areas, including agriculture, manufacturing, transportation infrastructure, public works, energy, electric power, information communication, tourism, and urban construction. The MoU listed a number of projects which will be undertaken.

This is apart from the ongoing US$ 1.4 billion Colombo Port City project and the US$ 1.4 billion Hambantota port development and industrial hinterland project.
 
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Or Bangladesh may be looking at diversifying to Russian ones away from the current over reliance on Chinese equipment, as China is the biggest supporter of Myanmar.


Brilliant answer. As far as the news goes, the $1 billion Russian loan has nearly been exhausted for purchasing YAK aircrafts, AD radars, Metis M ATGM, etc from Russia. The 8x MRCA Su-30 may be funded from the $ 500 million as loans from India. NOW WHAT other unutilized loans are left?

What about lies the fates of the 8x Mig-29 to be upgraded to SMT standard,that for ages were being hyped about, will these be done or will the Mig-29 suffer the same fate as post 75 ,MIG-21's?

Myanmar also receives multiple times more military hardwares for Russia and India, whats your justification now?

Does these also imply that no further advance defence hardwares will be procured?
 
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padma bridge construction is in full swing.... if the funding stopped.... the work would too.... please control your personal hate of awami league from every thing that's out there.
Work hasn't stopped because RAWAMY led GOB has pulled money out of foreign reserve that caused severe strain in Import-Export related issues thus needed to borrow money. CHN stopped disbursing right after sensing that RAWAMYs were taking ride on it then GOB sought Indian 2nd installment but IND didn't even finish paying the first one. So taking loan for the glorious project was the only option that it had, hence burying BDeshis by more loan on the top of already taken $25 Billions.

So, before opening UR mouth again, remember everything of RAWAMY led GOB is against the eighty percent people of BD that happened to come to power by enemy funded Lathi-Baitha mayhem+ engineered election to start with.

China pledges $124 billion for new Silk Road, says open to everyone
  • Reuters
  • Published at 12:51 PM May 14, 2017

Chinese President Xi Jinping (R) speaks with Russian President Vladimir Putin (L) during a bilateral meeting at Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing, China, 14 May 2017 REUTERS
Chinese President Xi Jinping pledged $124 billion on Sunday for his ambitious new Silk Road plan, saying everyone was welcome to join what he envisioned would be a path for peace and prosperity for the world
China has touted what it formally calls the Belt and Road initiative as a new way to boost development since Xi unveiled the plan in 2013, aiming to expand links between Asia, Africa, Europe and beyond underpinned by billions of dollars in infrastructure investment.

“We should build an open platform of cooperation and uphold and grow an open world economy,” Xi told the opening of a summit on the new Silk Road.

“We should jointly create an environment that will facilitate opening up and development, establish a fair, equitable and transparent system of international trade and investment rules,” he added.

Xi pledged a massive funding boost to the new Silk Road, including:

– an extra 100 billion yuan ($14.50 billion) into the existing Silk Road Fund

– 250 billion yuan in loans from China Development Bank

– 130 billion yuan in loans from Export-Import Bank of China

– 60 billion yuan in aid to developing countries and international institutions in new Silk Road countries

– encouraging financial institutions to expand their overseas yuan fund businesses to the tune of 300 billion yuan

– 2 billion yuan in emergency food aid

– $1 billion to a South–South Cooperation fund

– $1 billion for cooperation projects in countries on the new Silk Road

He did not give a timeframe.

Leaders from 29 countries are attending the forum, which ends on Monday.

China formally calls the scheme in English the Belt and Road initiative.

Some Western diplomats have expressed unease about both the summit and the plan as a whole, seeing it as an attempt to promote Chinese influence globally.

China has rejected criticism of the plan and the summit, saying the scheme is open to all, is a win-win and aimed only at promoting prosperity.

“What we hope to create is a big family of harmonious co-existence,” Xi said, adding pursuit of the initiative will not resort to outdated geopolitical maneuvering.

“What we hope to achieve is a new model of win-win cooperation.”

Some of China’s most reliable allies and partners will attend the forum, including Russian President Vladimir Putin, Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen and Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev.

There are also several European leaders attending, including the prime ministers of Spain, Italy, Greece and Hungary.
Unfortunately BD wouldn't be included in that everyone as long as Indian sabotage continues. IND offered $6.5 B credit just to sabotage Chinese endeavor in BD, IMHO.
 
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Unfortunately BD wouldn't be included in that everyone as long as Indian sabotage continues. IND offered $6.5 B credit just to sabotage Chinese endeavor in BD, IMHO.

That's exactly what what I have been stating for so long.Indian loans are promises made to be broken, the Indians ONLY disburse the part of their committed loans to be utilised to upgrade the infrastructure for facilitating connectivity to the SEVEN SISTERS & Agartala + dump their useless railway bogies / tata bus in the facade of loans, which has to be paid back with interest to the banyas.
 
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China Focus: Xi launches Belt and Road forum to map out new global vision
Source: Xinhua| 2017-05-14 16:04:32|Editor: Hou Qiang



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Chinese President Xi Jinping delivers a keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the Belt and Road Forum (BRF) for International Cooperation in Beijing, capital of China, May 14, 2017. (Xinhua/Wang Ye)

BEIJING, May 14 (Xinhua) -- World leaders gathered in Beijing Sunday for the opening of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, to embrace a Chinese solution to stimulate global growth and promote prosperity for all.

Addressing the opening of the most prestigious international gathering China has ever launched, President Xi Jinping said the Belt and Road Initiative is "a project of the century" that will benefit people across the world.

A total of 29 foreign heads of state and government leaders attended the forum, including Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Other delegates include officials, entrepreneurs, financiers and journalists from over 130 countries, and representatives of key international organizations, such as UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, World Bank President Jim Yong Kim, and Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund Christine Lagarde.

The two-day forum, which also features a round-table summit of global leaders on Monday, is one of the highest-level assemblies in today's world.

At its center is Xi's grand plan to better combine the rapidly expanding Chinese economy with the development of Asia, Europe, Africa and beyond.

Named after the historic Silk Road, the Belt and Road Initiative was proposed by Xi in 2013 to chart out new territories for international cooperation.

"Spanning thousands of miles and years, the ancient silk routes embody the spirit of peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benefit," Xi told an audience of more than 1,500.

"The Silk Road spirit has become a great heritage of human civilization," he said.

By linking countries and regions that account for about 60 percent of the world's population and 30 percent of global GDP, the initiative is a perfect example of China sharing its own wisdom and solutions for global growth and governance.

"The pursuit of this initiative is based on extensive consultation and its benefits will be shared by us all," Xi said.

All countries, from either Asia, Europe, Africa or the Americas, can be international cooperation partners of the Belt and Road Initiative, he said.

Xi noted that the humankind has reached an age of great progress, great transformation and profound changes, while the world is fraught with challenges.

Global growth requires new drivers, development needs to be more inclusive and balanced, and the gap between the rich and the poor needs to be narrowed.

Hotspots in some regions are causing instability and terrorism is rampant. Deficit in peace, development and governance poses a daunting challenge to mankind. "This is the issue that has always been on my mind," he said.

With the Belt and Road Initiative, China wants to turn the legends of the ancient Silk Road into a modern story of inclusive growth and cross-continental cooperation.

"The Belt and Road Initiative is rooted in a shared vision for global development," UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said at the forum's opening.

"Running through Asia, Europe and Africa and extended to the whole world, it is far-reaching in geography and in ambition," he said.

Earlier this week, White House spokesperson Sean Spicer said the United States will continue to work with China under the Belt and Road Initiative. "It's a major trade initiative," he said.

Over the next two days, world leaders will immerse themselves in the early fruits of the initiative: over 40 countries and international organizations have signed agreements with China on Belt and Road cooperation; total trade between China and other Belt and Road countries has exceeded 3 trillion U.S. dollars between 2014 and 2016; and Chinese investment in these countries has surpassed 50 billion dollars.

Chinese companies have set up 56 economic cooperation zones in over 20 countries, generating some 1.1 billion dollars of tax revenue and 180,000 local jobs.

A multi-dimensional infrastructure network is taking shape, one that is underpinned by economic corridors, featuring land-sea-air transportation routes and information expressway, and supported by major railway, port and pipeline projects.

But more importantly, the leaders will also work to identify future cooperation areas, and seek ways to advance policy coordination, facilities connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and people-to-people exchanges between nations.

At Sunday's forum, Xi proposed that the Belt and Road should be built into a road of peace, prosperity, opening up as well as innovation, and one that connects different civilizations.

He announced that China will contribute an additional 100 billion yuan (about 14.5 billion U.S. dollars) to the Silk Road Fund to scale up financing support for the Belt and Road Initiative.

To provide more funding for Belt and Road cooperation, China will also encourage financial institutions to conduct overseas RMB fund business with an estimated amount of about 300 billion yuan.

Special lending schemes worth 380 billion yuan equivalent will be set up to support cooperation on infrastructure, industrial capacity and financing, in addition to assistance worth 60 billion yuan for developing countries and international organizations participating in the initiative to improve people's well-being over the next three years.

"The forum shows the world how far China has come towards its dream of national rejuvenation," said Zheng Yongnian, director of the East Asian Institute at the National University of Singapore.

"It has once again put China on center stage," he said.

বিচ্ছিন্ন ভারত, বাকি এশিয়া যোগ দিলো চীনের ওবিওআর উদ্যোগে
পি কে বালাচন্দ্রন, মে ১৫, ২০১৭

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ওবিওআর-সংশ্লিষ্ট এমওইউ স্বাক্ষরের পর নেপালের পররাষ্ট্র সচিব এসডি বৈরাগি ও চীনের রাষ্ট্রদূত ইউ হং
‘সার্বভৌমত্বের’ প্রশ্ন তুলে চীনের বহু কোটি ডলার ব্যয়ে একাধিক মহাদেশের মধ্যে সংযোগ স্থাপনের ‘এক অঞ্চল এক সড়ক’ (ওবিওআর) প্রকল্পের অংশীদার হওয়ার আমন্ত্রণ থেকে দূরে সরে থেকে ভারত নিজেকে বাকি এশিয়া থেকে বিচ্ছিন্ন করে ফেলেছে। এমনকি দক্ষিণ এশিয়ায় যেসব নিকট প্রতিবেশীর ওপর একচেটিয়া প্রভাব রয়েছে বলে দিল্লি দাবি করে সেসব দেশও তার সঙ্গে নেই।

ভারতের ‘সামন্ত রাজ্য’ ভুটান ছাড়া দক্ষিণ এশিয়ার সব কটি দেশ বেইজিংয়ের উপকণ্ঠ ইয়াংকুই লাকে’তে ১৪-১৫ মে অনুষ্ঠিত ওবিওআর সম্মেলনে অংশ নেয়।

ওবিওআর-এ ২০১৪ সালে যোগ দেয় মালদ্বীপ। বাংলাদেশ এর সঙ্গে চুক্তি সই করে ২০১৬ সালে। ২০১০ সালে হামবানতোতা বন্দর নির্মাণ শুরু হওয়ার পর শ্রীলংকা স্বয়ংক্রিয়ভাবে ওবিওআর-এর অংশে পরিণত হয়। চীন-পাকিস্তান অর্থনৈতিক করিডোর (সিপিইসি) নির্মাণের কারণে পাকিস্তানও তাই। আর এ মাসেই চীনের সঙ্গে ওবিওআর কাঠামোগত চুক্তি সই করেছে নেপাল।

এমনকি জাপান, ভিয়েতনামের মতো যেসব দেশ চীনের আধিপত্যবাদি প্রবণতা নিয়ে অভিযোগ করে আসছে তারা উচ্চ পর্যায়ের প্রতিনিধি দল সম্মেলনে পাঠিয়েছে। চীন-বিরোধী ট্রাম্প প্রশাসনও উচ্চ পর্যায়ের প্রতিনিধি দল পাঠায়। এতে নেতৃত্ব দেন হোয়াইট হাউজের উপদেষ্টা ম্যাট পটিনজার। নেপাল থেকে গিয়েছেন উপ-প্রধানমন্ত্রী ও অর্থমন্ত্রী কৃষ্ণ বাহাদুর মহররা। আর প্রধানমন্ত্রী রানিল বিক্রমসিঙ্ঘে ও কৌশলগত উন্নয়নমন্ত্রী মালিক সামারাবিক্রমা বৈঠকে শ্রীলংকার প্রতিনিধিত্ব করেন।

দক্ষিণ এশিয়া ও বিশ্বের দীর্ঘমেয়াদি অর্থনৈতিক উন্নয়নের স্বার্থে চীন অনেক দিন থেকেই পাকিস্তান নিয়ন্ত্রিত কাশ্মিরের সার্বভৌমত্বের মতো রাজনৈতিক ইস্যুগুলো একপাশে সরিয়ে রেখে ওবিওআর-এ যোগ দিতে ভারতের প্রতি আহ্বান জানিয়ে আসছে।

সম্প্রতি নেপালের কাঠমান্ডু পোস্ট পত্রিকায় দেয়া এক সাক্ষাৎকারে ‘সাউথ, সাউথ ইস্ট এশিয়ান এন্ড ওশানিক স্টাডিজ ইন্সটিটিউট’র পরিচালক প্রফেসর হু শিশেং বলেছে, ওবিওআর-এ যোগ দিতে ভারতের কোন অসুবিধা থাকা উচিত নয়। কারণ, তারা ইতোমধ্যে বাংলাদেশ, ভুটান, ভারত, নেপাল (বিবিআইএন) উদ্যোগ ও বে-অব-বেঙ্গল ইনিশিয়েটিভ ফর মাল্টি-সেক্টরাল টেকনিক্যাল এন্ড ইকনমিক কোঅপারেশন (বিমসেটক)’র মাধ্যমে আন্তর্জাতিক কানেকটিভিটি গড়ে তোলার প্রচেষ্টায় যোগ দিয়েছে।

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ওবিওআর সম্মেলনে এসেছেন রানিল বিক্রমসিঙ্ঘে
প্রফেসর হু বলেন, নয়াদিল্লি মানুক আর না মানুক ভারত স্বাভাবিকভাবেই ওবিওআর উদ্যোগের অংশে পরিণত হবে।

তবে, চীনা বিশেষজ্ঞের আশঙ্কা যে পাকিস্তান ছাড়া দক্ষিণ এশিয়ার বাকি দেশগুলোকে ওবিওআর-র যোগ না দেয়ার ব্যাপারে ভারত চাপ সৃষ্টি করতে পারে। আর ভারতের চাপ বা ‘উপদ্রব’ সামাল দেয়ার ক্ষমতা এসব দেশের নেই।

গত ২৫ এপ্রিল শ্রীলংকার সঙ্গে ভারত যে বিস্তৃত পরিসরে এমওইউ সই করেছে সেগুলো এই চাপ কৌশলের অংশ হতে পারে। এমওইউ’তে উল্লেখিত প্রতিটি প্রকল্প বেধে দেয়া সময়সীমার মধ্যে শেষ করা হবে। এগুলোর আওতায় সড়ক, রেলপথ, বন্দর উন্নয়ন, বিদ্যুৎ উৎপাদন এবং শিল্প ও অর্থনৈতিক জোন প্রতিষ্ঠার কথা রয়েছে।

বিশ্বের ৬৮টি দেশে চীনের ওবিওআর ঠিক এই জিনিসগুলোরই প্রস্তাব করা হচ্ছে। এর মধ্যে ১৪ মে বেইজিংয়ের সম্মেলনে ২৮টি দেশ অংশ নেয়।

তবে, ২৫ এপ্রিল এমওইউ সই এবং ১১-১২ মে ভারতের প্রধানমন্ত্রী নরেন্দ্র মোদির শ্রীলংকা সফর সত্ত্বেও ওবিওআর সম্মেলনে যোগদান করেন প্রধানমন্ত্রী রানিল বিক্রমসিঙ্ঘে।

নয়াদিল্লিতে প্রধানমন্ত্রী শেখ হাসিনার সরকারি সফরের পর ভারত ক্ষুব্ধ হবে এমন আশঙ্কা এক পাশে ঠেলে দিয়ে বাংলাদেশও সম্মেলনে একটি প্রতিনিধি দল পাঠায়।

দক্ষিণ এশিয়ার এসব দেশ তাদের অবকাঠামো ও সেবা জোরদারের জন্য চীনের আর্থিক, শিল্পসংশ্লিষ্ট ও প্রযুক্তি সম্পদকে কাজে লাগাতে আগ্রহী। কিন্তু এমন এক অঞ্চলের সার্বভৌমত্বের প্রশ্নে ভারত ওই উদ্যোগের বাইরে যে অঞ্চলের ওপর ১৯৪৭ সালের আগ পর্যন্ত তার কোন নিয়ন্ত্রণ ছিলো না।

ওবিওআর বিরোধিতায় ভারতের একটি কারণ হলো ‘সিপিইসি’ গিলগিট-বাল্টিস্তান অঞ্চলের মধ্য দিয়ে অগ্রসর হয়েছে। এই অঞ্চলটি কাশ্মিরের অংশ এবং ১৯৪৭ সালে তা পাকিস্তান অধিকার করে। ভারতের আশঙ্কা ওবিওআর সফল হলে তার প্রতিবেশী দেশগুলো অর্থনৈতিক সহায়তা, বিনিয়োগ ও নিরাপত্তার জন্য দিল্লিকে উপেক্ষা করে চীনের দিকে তাকিয়ে থাকবে। তখন দক্ষিণ এশিয়ায় তার আধিপত্যের অবসান ঘটতে পারে।

কিন্তু, ভারত বুঝতে পারছে না যে অনেক অভিন্ন বৈশিষ্ট্য, সাংস্কৃতিক ঐক্য, সংহতি ও অভিন্ন ইতিহাস থাকার পরও দক্ষিণ এশিয়ার কোন প্রতিবেশীর সঙ্গেই তার সম্পর্ক খুব একটা ভালো নেই। ভারতকে সম্প্রসারণবাদি, অন্যের বিষয়ে নাক গলানো ও দাম্ভিক বলে মনে করা হয়। এমনকি দেশটি যেসব প্রকল্পকে সবার মঙ্গলের জন্য নেয়া হচ্ছে বলে উল্লেখ করে সেগুলোকেও সন্দেহের দৃষ্টিতে দেখা হয়।

তাছাড়া, ক্ষিপ্র অর্থনৈতিক উন্নয়নের এই যুগে যখন প্রতিটি দেশ তার অর্থনীতি ও অবকাঠামো উন্নয়নের চিন্তায় ব্যস্ত, হন্যে হয়ে আর্থিক সহায়তা ও কারিগরি বিশেষজ্ঞজ্ঞান খুঁজছে, তখন চীন এগুলো দিতে পারছে, ভারত কিন্তু পারছে না। সংখ্যা ও মান দু’দিক দিয়েই অবকাঠামোর ক্ষেত্রে ভারতের নিজেরই ব্যাপক ঘাটতি রয়েছে। আর, অর্থনীতির ক্ষেত্রে চীনের চেয়ে অন্তত ১৩ বছর পেছনে ভারত — নয়াদিল্লিতে নিযুক্ত চীনের রাষ্ট্রদূত লিও জাওহি সম্প্রতি এ মন্তব্য করেছেন।

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ওবিওআর সম্মেলনে এমওইউ সই দেখছেন পাকিস্তানের প্রধানমন্ত্রী নওয়াজ শরীফ ও তার চীনা প্রতিপক্স লি কেকুইং
ওবিওআর-এর সহায়তা বাড়িয়ে দিয়েছে চীন

চীন ওবিওআর-এ বিনিয়োগ বৃদ্ধির পরিকল্পনা করেছে বলে সিনহুয়ার এক খবরে উল্লেখ করা হয়েছে। এই প্রকল্পে আরো ১৪.৫ বিলিয়ন মার্কিন ডলার ব্যয় করবে দেশটি। ওবিওআর-এর বিভিন্ন প্রকল্পে চায়না ডেভলপমেন্ট ব্যাংক ও চায়না এক্সিম ব্যাংক ৫৫.১ বিলিয়ন ডলার ঋণ দেবে। তারা দক্ষিণ-দক্ষিণ সহযোগিতা প্রকল্পগুলোতে ১ বিলিয়ন ডলার; ওবিওআর প্রকল্পে জড়িত আন্তর্জাতিক সংস্থাগুলোকে ১ বিলিয়ন ডলার দেবে। এছাড়া জরুরি খাদ্যত্রাণের জন্য ২৯০ মিলিয়ন ডলার ও সামাজিক-সংশ্লিষ্ট প্রকল্পগুলোর জন্য ৮.৭ বিলিয়ন ডলার বরাদ্দ করা হয়েছে।

২০১৩ সালে চীনের প্রেসিডেন্ট শি জিনপিং এই ওবিওআর ধারণা প্রকাশ করেন। একবিংশ শতকের মেরিটাইম সিল্ক রোড ও প্রাচীন সিল্ক রোড অর্থনৈতিক অঞ্চলের সমন্বয়ে এই ওবিওআর উদ্যোগ। এই ধারণার পেছনে নিশ্চিতভাবে রাজনৈতিক ও কৌশলগত প্রভাব বিস্তারের চিন্তাটি চীনের মনে থাকবে। নিজ দেশে সব উন্নয়ন কার্য শেষ হওয়ার পর যে অতিরিক্ত শিল্পোৎপাদন হবে তার জন্য বাজার সৃষ্টি জরুরি হয়ে পড়েছে। তাই বিশ্বের বিভিন্ন অংশের যেসব দেশ অবকাঠামো উন্নয়নের জন্য মরিয়া হয়ে চেষ্টা চালাচ্ছে সেখানে নিজের অতিরিক্ত সামর্থ্য কাজে লাগাতে চাচ্ছে চীন। স্পষ্টতই এটা পরস্পরের জন্য অধিকতর সুফল বয়ে আনবে।

ভারতকেও চীনের প্রয়োজন

সম্প্রতি দি ওয়্যার ম্যাগাজিনের এক নিবন্ধে ভারতীয় সাংবাদিক প্রেম শঙ্কর জা বলেন, ভারত যোগ দিলেই কেবল ওবিওআর একটি লাভজনক উদ্যোগে পরিণত হবে। এশিয়ার অন্য সুফলভোগিরা না পারলেও কেবল ভারতই বড় বড় প্রকল্প ও বিপুল সংখ্যক ঠিকাদারি দিতে পারে। সম্ভবত ব্যাপক ঋণ পরিশোধের ক্ষমতা কেবল ভারতেরই রয়েছে। অন্যদেশগুলোতে চীনের অনেক প্রকল্পই (শ্রীলংকার মতো) অকার্যকর সম্পদে পরিণত হতে পারে।

আর এ কারণেই এই প্রকল্পে ভারতকে নিতে চীন অব্যাহতভাবে চেষ্টা চালিয়ে যায়। কিন্তু ভারতীয় প্রধানমন্ত্রী মোদি ও নয়াদিল্লির ক্ষমতাসীন মহল তাতে কোনরকম কর্ণপাত করেনি।
ঝা বলেন, “নিজের নাক কেটে চীনের যাত্রা ভঙ্গ করেছেন মোদি।”

মোদি দূরে থাকলেও কেউ বসে নেই

মোদি দূরে সরে থাকলেও পাকিস্তান, বাংলাদেশ, শ্রীলংকা ও নেপাল ওবিওআর থেকে সুবিধা লাভের জন্য এগিয়ে গেছে। ইন্দুস রিভার ক্যাসকেড (আআরসি)-এর অংশে পাঁচটি বড় জলাধার নির্মাণের জন্য পাকিস্তান সবেমাত্র চীনের সঙ্গে এমওইউ সই করেছে। এসব জলাধার থেকে ৪০,০০০ মেগাওয়াট বিদ্যুৎ উৎপাদনের সম্ভাবনা রয়েছে। নিকট ভবিষ্যতে ২,২৩৩ মেগাওয়াট বিদ্যুৎ উৎপাদনের লক্ষ্য রয়েছে আইআরসি’র। আইআরসি’র এমওইউ’তে ৫০ বিলিয়ন ডলার বিনিয়োগের প্রতিশ্রুতি দেয়া হয়। এটা সিপিইসি’র ৫০ বিলিয়ন ডলারের অতিরিক্ত। কাশ্মিরের বিতর্কিত গিলগিট-বাল্টিস্তান অঞ্চলকে উদ্দেশ্য করেই যে এই এমওইউ স্বাক্ষর করা হয়েছে তা সবাই জানে।

বাংলাদেশ চীনের সঙ্গে পায়রা ১৩২০ মেগাওয়াট তাপবিদ্যুত কেন্দ্র, কর্নফুলি নদীর তলদেশ দিয়ে মাল্টি-লেন টানেল, পদ্মাসেতু ও ছয়টি জাহাজ সংগ্রহের মতো মেগাপ্রজেক্টগুলো ছাড়াও সম্প্রতি আরো ২৭টি চুক্তি করেছে। মালদ্বীপ তার রাজধানীর বিমানবন্দরের আরো উন্নয়নের জন্য চীনের তাহবিল ও প্রযুক্তি ব্যবহার করবে। এই বিমানবন্দর প্রথম নির্মাণ করে ভারতের একটি কোম্পানি।

ভারতের সঙ্গে এমওইউ স্বাক্ষরের তিন সপ্তাহের মধ্যে গত শনিবার চীনের সঙ্গে একটি ব্যাপকভিত্তিক কাঠামোগত চুক্তি করে শ্রীলংকা। “আউটলাইন অব মিডিয়াম এন্ড লং-টার্ম ডেভলপমেন্ট প্লান ফর ইনভেস্টমেন্ট, ইকনমিক এন্ড টেকনলজিকাল কোঅপারেশন” শীর্ষক এই চুক্তিতে বহুসংখ্যক অগ্রাধিকার খাতের জন্য স্বচ্ছ আইনি ভিত্তি, প্রাতিষ্ঠানিক পরিবেশ ও অনুকূল বিনিয়োগ পরিস্থিতি তৈরির কথা বলা হয়েছে। এসব খাতের মধ্যে কৃষি, নির্মাণ, পরিবহন অবকাঠামো, গণপূর্ত, জ¦ালানি, বিদ্যুৎ, তথ্য যোগাযোগ, পর্যটন ও নগর নির্মাণ রয়েছে। আগামীতে গ্রহণ করা হবে এমন অনেকগুলো প্রকল্পের তালিকা রয়েছে এই এমওইউ’তে। এগুলো বর্তমানে চলমান ১.৪ বিলিয়ন ডলারের কলম্বো পোর্ট সিটি প্রকল্প ও ১.৪ বিলিয়ন ডলারের হামবানতোতা বন্দর উন্নয়ন ও শিল্প প্রকল্পের অতিরিক্ত।
 
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‘Nervous’ India can’t stop neighbours backing OBOR: Global Times
SAM Report, May 15, 2017
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Chinese President Xi Jinping makes a toast during the welcoming banquet for the Belt and Road Forum at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China May 14, 2017. Picture: REUTERS/Damir Sagolj
New Delhi ‘should just be a good member of the audience’ if it does not wish to participate in the initiative, a report in the Chinese state-run media said.

India’s refusal to join China’s high-profile Belt and Road initiative is “regrettable” but New Delhi cannot “impede its neighbouring countries from cooperating with China in infrastructure development”, a column in the Chinese state-run Global Times said on Monday, referring to New Delhi’s opposition to China’s One Belt, One Road initiative.

“It is strange that the onlooker is more anxious than the players,” the article read. “While India cares about its neighbours’ debt burden, the neighbours appear willing to take on more.” The two-day Belt and Road Forum is being attended by leaders from 29 countries, including Pakistan.

The editorial came in response to New Delhi’s statement on Saturday, in which it said the project, which includes the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, does not respect India’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. The 3,000-km-long CPEC is aimed at connecting the two countries through a network of railway tracks, roads, pipelines and optical cable fibres. India has been critical of the CPEC as it runs through Azad Kashmir.

“While India recently issued an official statement saying it would not be part of the “One Belt and One Road” (B&R) initiative, it will not affect the trend towards cooperation in infrastructure development among its neighbouring countries at all,” Global Times reported today.

“India was openly sceptical of China’s Belt and Road Forum (BRF) hours ahead of the opening of the event, mainly due to concerns over the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). It is regrettable but not a problem that India still maintains its strong opposition to the B&R, even though China has repeatedly said its position on the Kashmir dispute would not change because of the CPEC.” the article said.

“The B&R is a grand economic cooperation and development plan open to everyone, and is aimed at improving infrastructure in countries along the B&R route, thus benefiting the local people, it said. China would never force any country to participate in the B&R if it was too sceptical and nervous to do so” the article said.

Referring to the statement issued by the Ministry of External Affairs on March 13, a day before the two-day B&R summit, it said India also cited the potential debt burden as one of its other concerns, saying that, “connectivity initiatives must follow the principles of financial responsibility to avoid projects that would create an unsustainable debt burden for communities.”

On Saturday, Pakistan and China inked new deals worth nearly USD 500 million, covering airport, port and highway construction, it said. “As regards the potential debt burden, Pakistan’s repayments will peak at around USD 5 billion in 2022, but this will be offset by transit fees charged in the CPEC,” it quoted a media report and referred to Nepal officially signing a deal with China to join the B&R with plans to build a cross-border rail link that may cost up to USD 8 billion.

The article further stated that given the active responses from countries along the route, there is no way for India to impede its neighbouring countries from cooperating with China in infrastructure development. “China has formally invited India to join the B&R. If India doesn’t want to take a part on the stage, then it should just be a good member of the audience. The role is still available if India changes its mind, but it may only be a small role if it is left too late,” it said.
 
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OBOR forum: BD to discuss BCIM corridor
SAM Staff, May 16, 2017
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The two-day Belt and Road Forum ended in Beijing on Monday evening with promises of joint action by participating countries. A high-level delegation from Bangladesh has attended the forum to discuss various issues like prospects of BCIM (Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar) economic corridor which is a key OBOR project connecting to resourceful Indian Ocean, according to a FE report.

The Bangladeshi delegation is also expected to place some key other issues at the forum like reducing trade gap between the friendly countries and allowing duty-free access of 22 major Bangladeshi products to Chinese markets for which Bangladesh has been fighting for several years.

The Chinese proposal envisages the creation of six economic corridors: Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar, China-Mongolia-Russia, China-Central Asia-West Asia, China-Indochina Peninsula, China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Eurasian Land Bridge.
 
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Enter the Dragon: Xi Jinping's opening address to B&R forum
Source: Xinhua| 2017-05-14 22:38:12|Editor: ZD

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Chinese President Xi Jinping delivers a keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the Belt and Road Forum (BRF) for International Cooperation in Beijing, capital of China, May 14, 2017. (Xinhua/Ma Zhancheng)
By H. L. Bentley

BEIJING, May 14 (Xinhua) -- In his opening address to the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation in Beijing on Sunday, Chinese President Xi Jinping spoke of the need for harmonious coexistence.
The issue, he said, that presses him most about the modern world is that there is a "deficit" in peace, development and governance which he describes as "a daunting challenge" for humanity.
At important junctures such as this, it serves us well to reflect on how we got here before we think about how to move forward. It is no secret that Western prosperity was built on conflict, plunder, slavery, and war. The result? Conflict, disagreement, and a sense of entitlement.

The prosperity of developed nations, which is celebrated as a characteristic of their "advancement," was built on militarism and colonization. The greed and self-serving agendas of many of today's developed nations have left them as broken societies, fighting among themselves over the most trivial of things.
They are, to paraphrase a Chinese proverb, a group of dragons without a leader. They were, for brief interludes, the greatest dragons of their time, but only because, like Tolkien's Smaug, they descended upon their target countries -- continents, even -- in flames, reaping vast hoards of treasure to use for their own lavish self-interest.

Today, another dragon is rising. A dragon that, according to Wang Yiwei, professor at the School of International Studies at Renmin University of China, has no interest in driving out the peoples or cultures of the nations it interacts with. This dragon comes to lead, not to conquer.
China stands ready to drive the development of Asia, Europe and Africa, with an agenda based on a spirit almost as old as the myths of dragons themselves: the spirit of the ancient Silk Road.

Peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benefit is what Xi associates with this ancient trade route. This is not only the right path for our shared future, but is the only option we have at this time.
"We find ourselves in a world fraught with challenges. Global growth requires new drivers, development needs to be more inclusive and balanced, and the gap between the rich and the poor needs to be narrowed," Xi told the forum.

Conflict has emerged on so many levels in modern times. Countries are literally torn apart by violence, terrorism and poverty. Those once great nations like the United States, Britain and France, the former guiding lights of freedom, equality and brotherhood, are more divided than ever. On one side stand those ready to open their hearts and minds to a better future, while on the other huddle those who would close their borders and lock themselves in a dark room, blaming everyone for their ills except themselves.
In some developed countries people are arguing about how much money a politician spends on their interior decoration, while in the developing world many people are united by the desire for a roof over their head.

As people in England complain about hose-pipe bans in the summer and Donald Trump's golf courses turn brown at the edges, in Africa only 5 percent of agricultural land is irrigated.
Once we have access to a little bit of prosperity, we argue about it. People who have everything, have everything to argue about. People who have nothing suffer in silence. The needy are united in their need.


The sad fact is that many of the world's poorest nations have been raped and robbed by former colonial powers who left them destitute while enriching themselves. These colonialists are often the very countries that have the audacity to speak in such lofty tones about "the China threat."
The developmental model of the past was neither sustainable nor fair. This is why a new approach is needed, one which, in the words of Xi, requires "partnerships of dialogue with no confrontation, and of friendship rather than alliance."

What China proposes is not "or," it is "and." It is not about I win or you win. It is not about us or them. Are you with me or against me? It is about you and me. It is about China and Vietnam. It is about Vietnam and Thailand, Thailand and Laos, the Maldives and Uzbekistan, joining hands and working together; a human chain for cooperation that stretches from ocean to ocean across some of the most troubled regions on the planet.
Xi said, "The pursuit of the Belt and Road Initiative is not meant to reinvent the wheel. Rather, it aims to complement the development strategies of the countries involved by leveraging their comparative strengths."
When we talk about growth and prosperity in under-developed and developing nations, we are not talking about a new car, ten computers for every classroom or free health care for all. We are talking about a road, a classroom or a doctor.

Since it was first proposed in 2013, Xi told today's opening session, the Belt and Road has brought better infrastructure, increased trade, a degree of financial stability, and people from many lands working together to build railways, friendship, ports, and trust.
It has only been four years since Xi began his journey to building a better world, a mere Olympiad, but China is an intergenerational thinker. China's plans and initiatives do not span months or a single presidential term. When China looks to the future, China looks years, decades, centuries ahead. For more than a millennium the Silk Road was the world's most important trading corridor. With good will, trust and benefits for all, who knows what the next millennium may hold?

In the short term, China's 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020) includes a commitment to import 10 trillion U.S. dollars worth of goods and to invest more than 500 billion dollars overseas, much of this under the Belt and Road framework.
There is a Taoist scripture that says: Tao gave birth to the one, the one gave birth successively to two things, three things, up to 10,000 -- one belt, one road, one human race, one future.

The reason that the Belt and Road will succeed is not just that it is a grand plan for a future of shared destiny. It is a grand plan to bring basic standards of living to people who have, by any standards, nothing. It is about super highways and high-speed railways, but it is also about a toilet, a vaccination, an old-age pension and the security of a square meal at the end of a day of hard work.
"As we often say in China," Xi said, "'The beginning is the most difficult part.' A solid first step has been taken... We should build on the sound momentum generated to steer the Belt and Road Initiative toward greater success."

A grand plan must, and will, work in stages, with each nation contributing what they can when they can. Without predefined rules, the Belt and Road is about learning by doing, about seeking consensus project by project, said Zha Daojiong of Peking University.
We may not know what a prosperity built on sharing and cooperation will bring, but we know what the alternative brought. We know that we should give it a chance. It may not be our only shot at creating "a big family of harmonious coexistence," but it is the most viable option we have right now.

"Exchange will replace estrangement, mutual learning will replace clashes, and coexistence will replace a sense of superiority," said Xi -- a shared vision for our shared future.
 
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