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China's First Astronaut Selection
2016-11-17
On October 1965, the Number 651 meeting on discussing the general plan about the first Chinese artificial satellite was held closed-gate at the Beijing Friendship Hotel.
Besides satellite, they also specially discussed manned spaceflight. Before that, after discussion, the Chineses Academy of Sciences proposed a grand plan, of which, the most exiting part was that five years after the first Chinese man-made earth satellite was launched, a manned spacecraft would be launched.
The spacecraft was named Dayaojin (Great Leap Forward). From this name we can see that at that time they were still influenced by the movement of the "Great Leap Forward".
At first it was not named Shuguang-1.
On July 15, 1966, China sent its first large mammal in a 24 minutes suborbital flight at 70 km altitude, the dog Xiaobao.
▲ On July 15, 1966, China sent its first large mammal in a 24 minutes suborbital flight at 70 km altitude, the dog Xiaobao.
In June 1967, arranged by Qian Xuesen, the Eighth Design Institute of the Seventh Ministry of Machine Building set up the Office of General Study of Manned Spacecraft.
Three months later, a feasibility report on spacecraft was placed on the desk of Qian Xuesen.
Qian Xuesen exited told the researcher that the Central Commitee of the CPC had granted the spacecraft a name, Shuguang (Dawn).
In the initiatory plan of the Shuguang Project, the researchers were inclined to carry five astronauts for the first attempt.
People also placed their passion to surpass the Soviet Union and the U.S. on the manned spacecraft. However, Qian Xuesen was fully aware that the problem was not so easy. The launcher developed from intercontinental missile could not produce enough thrust.
Research on the spacecraft measurement and control and space medicine had not followed up yet. Faced with the reality, Qian Xuesen proposed to keep discussing a plan with less astronaut.
On July 14, 1970, 80 days after the launch of China's first satellite, Dongfanghong I, a secret report of the State Science and Technology Commission was sent to the central leadership's desks including Zhou Enlai. The report made it clear the need to start the development of manned spacecraft, selection and training of astronauts. Mao Zedong circled the document and agreed. The approval of Mao Zedong meant the official launch of the Shuguang-1 (Dawn-1) manned spacecraft project. Shuguang-1 was also known under the secret code name of Project 714. The development of various systems began under the commander of the manned spaceflight technology, Dr. Qian Xuesen.
▲ Official rendering of the external view of Shuguang-1 spacecraft. “曙光一号”载人飞船设计图
▲ Schematics of Shuguang-1 spacecraft, internal view of the capsule panels and instruments. “曙光一号”飞行计划模拟图
▲ Schematics of Shuguang-1 spacecraft internal view
However, in that special era, the weak comprehensive national strengh and chaotic political situation greatly held back the research on the Shuguang-1 Project.
Long before the initiation of Project 714, Qian Xuesen had realized this. When he learned from a high-level meeting about the overall national economic state and multiple difficulties, he said to the researchers close to him, "research on the satellite and spacecraft must be based on the overall national economic state.
It seems that we have to slow down the spacecraft project. Let's develop and reserve some technologies".
And as many technologies were still below standard like waterproof and lifesaving technologies, in this situation, the Prime Minister stood out and said, "We don't race with them. Let's focus on the Earth first."
Since 1972, the research on the Shuguang-1 started to slow down. With regard to the reality, Mao Zetong and Zhou Enlai decided to suspend Project 714, to work on the Earth first.
In 1975, China became the third nation to develop recoverable spacecraft technology.
Source:
《国家记忆》 20161117 《钱学森与中国航天60年》系列 第六集 曙光照苍穹 | CCTV-4 26:55
Memory of a Nation 20161117 | CCTV-4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPiCUZPWbyQ
▲ A refitted small aircraft became a temporary lab for weightlessness experiment
▲ Astronaut training
▲ Astronaut training
▲ Astronaut training
A refitted small aircraft became a temporary lab for weightlessness experiment, realizing for more than 40 seconds in high-speed falling.
The camera recorded how a trainee sitting in the back row practiced eating and drinking under the weighless condition.
For the Shuguang-1 manned spacecraft experiment project, the selection and training of a batch of astronauts took place secretly since 1970.
Through strict medical exam, the airforce selected nearly 200 preparatory astronauts among about 1900 pilots. Before that, China had barely any experience in astronaut training. Every attempt had to be made in practice.
Under the organization of Qian Xuesen, Institute 507 of China Academy of Space Technology, a department specialized in astronaut training and space medicine research and its engineering was formally founded.
An emerging discipline, space medical engineering, started from scratch under the care of Qian Xuesen.
Source:
《国家记忆》 20161118 《钱学森与中国航天60年》系列 第七集 神舟飞天路 | CCTV-4 26:52
Memory of a Nation 20161118 | CCTV-4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnAyKw_h2gQ
In 1969, the selection process of astronauts began. After screening 1918 airforce pilots, 215 are preselected, with 88 remaining after further screening, who eventually became formal candidates.
By March 15, 1971, only 19 were retained as the formal astronauts the National Defense Science and Technology Commission.
The selection rate is thus less than 1/100!
Source:
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_599c42550102vngw.html
2016-11-17
On October 1965, the Number 651 meeting on discussing the general plan about the first Chinese artificial satellite was held closed-gate at the Beijing Friendship Hotel.
Besides satellite, they also specially discussed manned spaceflight. Before that, after discussion, the Chineses Academy of Sciences proposed a grand plan, of which, the most exiting part was that five years after the first Chinese man-made earth satellite was launched, a manned spacecraft would be launched.
The spacecraft was named Dayaojin (Great Leap Forward). From this name we can see that at that time they were still influenced by the movement of the "Great Leap Forward".
At first it was not named Shuguang-1.
On July 15, 1966, China sent its first large mammal in a 24 minutes suborbital flight at 70 km altitude, the dog Xiaobao.
In June 1967, arranged by Qian Xuesen, the Eighth Design Institute of the Seventh Ministry of Machine Building set up the Office of General Study of Manned Spacecraft.
Three months later, a feasibility report on spacecraft was placed on the desk of Qian Xuesen.
Qian Xuesen exited told the researcher that the Central Commitee of the CPC had granted the spacecraft a name, Shuguang (Dawn).
In the initiatory plan of the Shuguang Project, the researchers were inclined to carry five astronauts for the first attempt.
People also placed their passion to surpass the Soviet Union and the U.S. on the manned spacecraft. However, Qian Xuesen was fully aware that the problem was not so easy. The launcher developed from intercontinental missile could not produce enough thrust.
Research on the spacecraft measurement and control and space medicine had not followed up yet. Faced with the reality, Qian Xuesen proposed to keep discussing a plan with less astronaut.
On July 14, 1970, 80 days after the launch of China's first satellite, Dongfanghong I, a secret report of the State Science and Technology Commission was sent to the central leadership's desks including Zhou Enlai. The report made it clear the need to start the development of manned spacecraft, selection and training of astronauts. Mao Zedong circled the document and agreed. The approval of Mao Zedong meant the official launch of the Shuguang-1 (Dawn-1) manned spacecraft project. Shuguang-1 was also known under the secret code name of Project 714. The development of various systems began under the commander of the manned spaceflight technology, Dr. Qian Xuesen.
However, in that special era, the weak comprehensive national strengh and chaotic political situation greatly held back the research on the Shuguang-1 Project.
Long before the initiation of Project 714, Qian Xuesen had realized this. When he learned from a high-level meeting about the overall national economic state and multiple difficulties, he said to the researchers close to him, "research on the satellite and spacecraft must be based on the overall national economic state.
It seems that we have to slow down the spacecraft project. Let's develop and reserve some technologies".
And as many technologies were still below standard like waterproof and lifesaving technologies, in this situation, the Prime Minister stood out and said, "We don't race with them. Let's focus on the Earth first."
Since 1972, the research on the Shuguang-1 started to slow down. With regard to the reality, Mao Zetong and Zhou Enlai decided to suspend Project 714, to work on the Earth first.
In 1975, China became the third nation to develop recoverable spacecraft technology.
Source:
《国家记忆》 20161117 《钱学森与中国航天60年》系列 第六集 曙光照苍穹 | CCTV-4 26:55
Memory of a Nation 20161117 | CCTV-4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPiCUZPWbyQ
A refitted small aircraft became a temporary lab for weightlessness experiment, realizing for more than 40 seconds in high-speed falling.
The camera recorded how a trainee sitting in the back row practiced eating and drinking under the weighless condition.
For the Shuguang-1 manned spacecraft experiment project, the selection and training of a batch of astronauts took place secretly since 1970.
Through strict medical exam, the airforce selected nearly 200 preparatory astronauts among about 1900 pilots. Before that, China had barely any experience in astronaut training. Every attempt had to be made in practice.
Under the organization of Qian Xuesen, Institute 507 of China Academy of Space Technology, a department specialized in astronaut training and space medicine research and its engineering was formally founded.
An emerging discipline, space medical engineering, started from scratch under the care of Qian Xuesen.
Source:
《国家记忆》 20161118 《钱学森与中国航天60年》系列 第七集 神舟飞天路 | CCTV-4 26:52
Memory of a Nation 20161118 | CCTV-4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnAyKw_h2gQ
In 1969, the selection process of astronauts began. After screening 1918 airforce pilots, 215 are preselected, with 88 remaining after further screening, who eventually became formal candidates.
By March 15, 1971, only 19 were retained as the formal astronauts the National Defense Science and Technology Commission.
The selection rate is thus less than 1/100!
Source:
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_599c42550102vngw.html
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