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XI century, the Persian who discovered America

OUZBÉKISTANXIe siècle – Le Persan qui a découvert l’Amérique
Abu Rehan Al-Biruni, lettré musulman, aurait peut-être découvert leNouveau Monde des siècles avant Christophe Colomb, grâce à la seule puissance de ses calculs.
1207-Eclipse.jpg
Al-Biruni, érudit de génie, était un touche-à-tout. Outre l’existence d’un autre continent, il s’était également intéressé aux phases de la Lune, comme le prouve cette illustration de sa main provenant d’un de ses ouvrages.Photo DR
Depuis plus de cent ans, universitaires, passionnés et farfelus se posent la question : qui a vraiment découvert l’Amérique ? Certaines théories, totalement excentriques, évoquent la présence de Phéniciens à Rhode Island, ou de Chinois dans ce qui n’était pas encore la baie de SanFrancisco. Dans les années 1950, Thor Heyerdahl, anthropologue et navigateur norvégien haut en couleur, affirmait que les Péruviens, à bord de voiliers en balsa, faisaient régulièrement l’aller-retour entre les Amériques et la Polynésie, longtemps avant que Christophe Colomb ne prenne la mer.

Plus sérieusement, des spécialistes scandinaves se sont penchés sur les sagas nordiques, en quête de preuves de l’antériorité de la découverte des côtes nord-américaines par leurs ancêtres. L’histoire des Vikings fendant les flots à bord de leurs navires pour explorer et coloniser le Groenland est aujourd’hui bien connue. Elle a été confirmée par des fouilles archéologiques le long du littoral groenlandais. Au début du XXe siècle, le professeur norvégien Gustav Storm a aussi démontréque les hommes du Nord avaient effectué plusieurs voyages jusqu’au Canada, vers des contrées qu’ils avaient baptisées Markland (le sud de l’actuel Labrador), Helluland (l’île de Baffin) et Vinland (la Nouvelle-Ecosse).

A peu près à l’époque où les Vikings exploraient le Groenland, une découverte d’un autre genre se déroulait loin de tout océan. Depuis des milliers d’années, des négociants venus de ce qui est aujourd’hui l’Ouzbékistan, le Turkménistan et l’Afghanistan convoyaient des marchandises dans de longues caravanes parcourant l’Eurasie. Rentrés chez eux, ces marchands d’Asie centrale racontaient leurs aventures, consignant des informations détaillées sur la géographie et le climat des terres qu’ils avaient visitées, des récits qui étaient ensuite rassemblés et étudiés par des lettrés locaux.

Le plus brillant de ces érudits était Abu Rehan Al-Biruni (973-1048). Né à Kath, près de la mer d’Aral, il s’était dans sa jeunesse familiarisé avec les mathématiques, l’astronomie, la minéralogie, la géographie, la cartographie, la géométrie et la trigonométrie. Il parlait le persan, l’arabe et le chorasmien, la langue de la dynastie sunnite qui régnait alors sur une grande partie de l’Iran. Par la suite, il apprit également le sanskrit.

L’astrologie d’Abu Rehan Al-Biruni


A 17 ans, Biruni calcule la latitude et la longitude de Kath. Puis, s’aidant de sources grecques antiques, il collecte des données géographiques sur le monde méditerranéen, auxquelles il entreprend d’ajouter les coordonnées d’autres lieux situés aux quatre points cardinaux. Ayant lu des auteurs antiques comme Claude Ptolémée (90-168 de notre ère), mais s’inspirant aussi de sources plus récentes et de ses propres observations sur le terrain, il en déduit que la Terre est ronde. A l’âge de 30 ans, il fait appel aux systèmes les plus sophistiqués de son temps pour en calculer la circonférence précise.

Arrivé à la conclusion que la Terre est une sphère, il entreprend de placer sur la nouvelle carte du monde qu’il dresse tous les endroits connus à son époque. C’est là qu’il s’aperçoit que, selon ses calculs, toute la masse eurasienne, du point le plus occidental de l’Afrique au point le plus oriental de Chine, ne représente que deux cinquièmes du globe. Qu’y a-t-il sur les trois cinquièmes restants ? La plupart des géographes, de l’Antiquité jusqu’au XIe siècle, considéraient que le continent eurasiatique était entouré d’un “Océan mondial”. Mais un monde ainsi couvert d’eau ne risque-t-il pas d’être déséquilibré ? Biruni en conclut qu’un ou plusieurs autres continents doivent exister. Ces terres sont-elles des déserts sauvages ou abritent-elles des populations ? Se replongeant dans ses données sur les latitudes et les longitudes de lieux connus, il constate que l’homme peuple une vaste bande nord-sud qui va de la Russie au sud de l’Inde et au cœur de l’Afrique.

C’est en 1037 que Biruni parvient à ses conclusions historiques quant à l’existence du Nouveau Monde, en se fondant sur ses recherches menées pendant trente ans. Peut-on dire qu’il a découvert l’Amérique durant le premier tiers du XIe siècle ? En un sens, non, bien sûr. Il n’a jamais posé les yeux sur le Nouveau Monde ni sur les continents dont il parle dans ses écrits. Alors que les Vikings, eux, ont bel et bien débarqué en Amériquedu Nord un peu avant l’an 1000, même s’ils n’ont pas compris à l’époque ce qu’ils venaient de trouver. Mais Biruni mérite au moins autant qu’eux le titre de découvreur de l’Amérique. Surtout que le processus intellectuel par lequel il a fini par conclure à l’existence d’un nouveau continent n’est pas moins époustouflant que ses conclusions elles-mêmes. Car plutôt que les méthodes de navigation aléatoires des marins vikings, il a usé d’une habile combinaison d’observations méticuleuses, de données quantitatives soigneusement collectées et de logique rigoureuse. Il faudra attendre encore près cinq siècles avant qu’une analyse aussi rigoureuse soit appliquée à l’exploration du monde.

S. Frederick Starr
eleventh century - The Persian who discovered America
Abu Rehan Al-Biruni, a Muslim scholar, may have discovered the New World centuries before Columbus, with the sole power of his calculations.




    • DECEMBER 31, 2013
    • | 0
    • SHARE:

1207-Eclipse.jpg
Al-Biruni, a scholar of genius, was a jack-of-all. In addition to the existence of another continent, he was also interested in the phases of the Moon, as shown by this illustration of his hand from one of his books. Photo DR
For over a hundred years, academics, enthusiasts and wacky pose the question: Who really discovered America? Some theories, eccentric fully evoke the presence of Phoenicians in Rhode Island, or Chinese in what was not yet the bay of San Francisco. In 1950, Thor Heyerdahl, Norwegian anthropologist and browser colorful, said that Peruvians aboard sailboats balsa, were regularly back and forth between the Americas and Polynesia, long before Columbus takes the sea Seriously, Scandinavian specialists have studied the Nordic sagas, in search of evidence of prior discovery coast North American by their ancestors. The history of the Vikings splitting the waves aboard their ships to explore and colonize Greenland is now well known. It has been confirmed by archaeological excavations along the Greenland coast. At the beginning of XX th century, the Norwegian Professor Gustav Storm has also shown that men of the North had made several trips to Canada, to lands they named Markland (southern Labrador Current) Helluland ( Baffin Island) and Vinland (Nova Scotia). At about the time the Vikings explored Greenland, a discovery of a different kind took place far from any ocean. For thousands of years, merchants from what is now Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Afghanistan ferrying goods in long caravans traversing Eurasia. Returned home, the merchants' s Central Asia recounted their adventures, recording detailed information on the geography and climate of the land they had visited, stories which were then collected and studied by scholars of local information. The brightest of these scholars was Abu Rehan Al-Biruni (973-1048). Born in Kath, near the Aral Sea, he had in his youth familiar with the mathematics, astronomy, mineralogy, geography, mapping, geometry and trigonometry. He spoke Persian, Arabic and chorasmien, the language of the Sunni dynasty that reigned over much of Iran. Thereafter, he also learned Sanskrit. Astrology Abu Rehan Al-Biruni






At 17, Biruni calculated the latitude and longitude of Kath. Then, helping ancient Greek sources, collection of geographical data in the Mediterranean world, which he began to add the coordinates to other places at the four cardinal points. Having read ancient authors such as Ptolemy (90-168 AD), but also drawing on more recent sources and its own field observations, he deduced that the Earth is round. At the age of 30, he uses the most sophisticated of his time systems to calculate the precise circumference. arrived at the conclusion that the Earth is a sphere, he began to put on the new map of the world that stands all known places in his time. This is where he finds that, according to his calculations, the entire Eurasian mass, the westernmost point of Africa's most eastern point of China, is only two-fifths of the globe. What he has on the remaining three-fifths? Most geographers, from Antiquity to the XI th century, believed that the Eurasian continent was surrounded by a "World Ocean". But such a world covered with water does not he may be unbalanced? Biruni concluded that one or more other continents must exist. These lands are they wild deserts or support populations they?Plunging into its data on latitudes and longitudes of known places, he finds that the man people a broad north-south strip that runs from Russia to southern India and the heart of Africa. It Biruni in 1037 that reaches its historical conclusions about the existence of the New World, based on his research for thirty years. Can we say he discovered America during the first third of the XI th century? In a sense, no, of course. He never laid eyes on the New World continents or on which he speaks in his writings. While the Vikings, they have indeed landed in AmericaNorth shortly before the year 1000, even if they did not understand at the time what they had found. Biruni but deserves at least as much as they the title of discoverer of America. Especially the intellectual process by which he eventually concluded that the existence of a new continent is no less stunning than its conclusions themselves. Because rather than the methods of random navigation marine vikings, he used a clever combination of meticulous observations, carefully collected quantitative data and rigorous logic. It took another nearly five centuries before a rigorous analysis is also applied to the exploration of the world. - S.Frederick Starr Published December History Today (excerpts) London


The contribution of persians in building islamic civilisation is immense without doubt. Only one scholar such as Al-Bukhori has explained it all. Not to mention other great scholars.
 
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Who could that be? I don't think that any Muslim traveller ever stepped food on the Americas before Columbus did so 500 years ago or so.

I know that the Arabs in Al-Andalus centuries before Columbus (they conquered Al-Andalus nearly 800 years before Columbus discovered the Americas) were of the conviction that there was more land more westwards but it never materialized into anything concrete.

The fellow Semitic Phoenicians who were the first real global citizens of this world and a great seafaring civilization (they founded many cities bordering the Mediterranean Sea from Spain to North Africa to Italy etc.) probably had a similar feeling.
But I still remember reading about some claim of ancient Caucasian peoples settling in the Americas before the Indians arrived from Russia/Siberia/East.

How accurate this is I don't know.
I've also read that the Chinese Admiral/General Zeng Hi who explored the Americas around 1421 was also a Muslim. I've got a book about his travels somewhere in the house that I read many years ago.
 
Last edited:
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I've also read that the Chinese Admiral/General Zeng Hi who explored the Americas around 1421 was also a Muslim. I've got a book about his travels somewhere in the house that I read many years ago.
That chinese admiral is very famous here a several mosques built and named after him to remember his contribution to the spread of islam in our country.
 
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Who could that be? I don't think that any Muslim traveller ever stepped food on the Americas before Columbus did so 500 years ago or so.

I know that the Arabs in Al-Andalus centuries before Columbus (they conquered Al-Andalus nearly 800 years before Columbus discovered the Americas) were of the conviction that there was more land more westwards but it never materialized into anything concrete.

The fellow Semitic Phoenicians who were the first real global citizens of this world and a great seafaring civilization (they founded many cities bordering the Mediterranean Sea from Spain to North Africa to Italy etc.) probably had a similar feeling.
But I still remember reading about some claim of ancient Caucasian peoples settling in the Americas before the Indians arrived from Russia/Siberia/East.

How accurate this is I don't know.
Vikings reached north america before columbus...but never settled their....its a known fact
 
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But such a world covered with water does not he may be unbalanced? Biruni concluded that one or more other continents must exist.

That is just conjecture. The earth is already top heavy as most of the land mass is in the Northern Hemisphere so it is unbalanced from North to South.

Northern Hemisphere - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Saying the same things about East/West as if it that was logical isn't science.
 
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OUZBÉKISTANXIe siècle – Le Persan qui a découvert l’Amérique
Abu Rehan Al-Biruni, lettré musulman, aurait peut-être découvert leNouveau Monde des siècles avant Christophe Colomb, grâce à la seule puissance de ses calculs.
1207-Eclipse.jpg
Al-Biruni, érudit de génie, était un touche-à-tout. Outre l’existence d’un autre continent, il s’était également intéressé aux phases de la Lune, comme le prouve cette illustration de sa main provenant d’un de ses ouvrages.Photo DR
Depuis plus de cent ans, universitaires, passionnés et farfelus se posent la question : qui a vraiment découvert l’Amérique ? Certaines théories, totalement excentriques, évoquent la présence de Phéniciens à Rhode Island, ou de Chinois dans ce qui n’était pas encore la baie de SanFrancisco. Dans les années 1950, Thor Heyerdahl, anthropologue et navigateur norvégien haut en couleur, affirmait que les Péruviens, à bord de voiliers en balsa, faisaient régulièrement l’aller-retour entre les Amériques et la Polynésie, longtemps avant que Christophe Colomb ne prenne la mer.

Plus sérieusement, des spécialistes scandinaves se sont penchés sur les sagas nordiques, en quête de preuves de l’antériorité de la découverte des côtes nord-américaines par leurs ancêtres. L’histoire des Vikings fendant les flots à bord de leurs navires pour explorer et coloniser le Groenland est aujourd’hui bien connue. Elle a été confirmée par des fouilles archéologiques le long du littoral groenlandais. Au début du XXe siècle, le professeur norvégien Gustav Storm a aussi démontréque les hommes du Nord avaient effectué plusieurs voyages jusqu’au Canada, vers des contrées qu’ils avaient baptisées Markland (le sud de l’actuel Labrador), Helluland (l’île de Baffin) et Vinland (la Nouvelle-Ecosse).

A peu près à l’époque où les Vikings exploraient le Groenland, une découverte d’un autre genre se déroulait loin de tout océan. Depuis des milliers d’années, des négociants venus de ce qui est aujourd’hui l’Ouzbékistan, le Turkménistan et l’Afghanistan convoyaient des marchandises dans de longues caravanes parcourant l’Eurasie. Rentrés chez eux, ces marchands d’Asie centrale racontaient leurs aventures, consignant des informations détaillées sur la géographie et le climat des terres qu’ils avaient visitées, des récits qui étaient ensuite rassemblés et étudiés par des lettrés locaux.

Le plus brillant de ces érudits était Abu Rehan Al-Biruni (973-1048). Né à Kath, près de la mer d’Aral, il s’était dans sa jeunesse familiarisé avec les mathématiques, l’astronomie, la minéralogie, la géographie, la cartographie, la géométrie et la trigonométrie. Il parlait le persan, l’arabe et le chorasmien, la langue de la dynastie sunnite qui régnait alors sur une grande partie de l’Iran. Par la suite, il apprit également le sanskrit.

L’astrologie d’Abu Rehan Al-Biruni


A 17 ans, Biruni calcule la latitude et la longitude de Kath. Puis, s’aidant de sources grecques antiques, il collecte des données géographiques sur le monde méditerranéen, auxquelles il entreprend d’ajouter les coordonnées d’autres lieux situés aux quatre points cardinaux. Ayant lu des auteurs antiques comme Claude Ptolémée (90-168 de notre ère), mais s’inspirant aussi de sources plus récentes et de ses propres observations sur le terrain, il en déduit que la Terre est ronde. A l’âge de 30 ans, il fait appel aux systèmes les plus sophistiqués de son temps pour en calculer la circonférence précise.

Arrivé à la conclusion que la Terre est une sphère, il entreprend de placer sur la nouvelle carte du monde qu’il dresse tous les endroits connus à son époque. C’est là qu’il s’aperçoit que, selon ses calculs, toute la masse eurasienne, du point le plus occidental de l’Afrique au point le plus oriental de Chine, ne représente que deux cinquièmes du globe. Qu’y a-t-il sur les trois cinquièmes restants ? La plupart des géographes, de l’Antiquité jusqu’au XIe siècle, considéraient que le continent eurasiatique était entouré d’un “Océan mondial”. Mais un monde ainsi couvert d’eau ne risque-t-il pas d’être déséquilibré ? Biruni en conclut qu’un ou plusieurs autres continents doivent exister. Ces terres sont-elles des déserts sauvages ou abritent-elles des populations ? Se replongeant dans ses données sur les latitudes et les longitudes de lieux connus, il constate que l’homme peuple une vaste bande nord-sud qui va de la Russie au sud de l’Inde et au cœur de l’Afrique.

C’est en 1037 que Biruni parvient à ses conclusions historiques quant à l’existence du Nouveau Monde, en se fondant sur ses recherches menées pendant trente ans. Peut-on dire qu’il a découvert l’Amérique durant le premier tiers du XIe siècle ? En un sens, non, bien sûr. Il n’a jamais posé les yeux sur le Nouveau Monde ni sur les continents dont il parle dans ses écrits. Alors que les Vikings, eux, ont bel et bien débarqué en Amériquedu Nord un peu avant l’an 1000, même s’ils n’ont pas compris à l’époque ce qu’ils venaient de trouver. Mais Biruni mérite au moins autant qu’eux le titre de découvreur de l’Amérique. Surtout que le processus intellectuel par lequel il a fini par conclure à l’existence d’un nouveau continent n’est pas moins époustouflant que ses conclusions elles-mêmes. Car plutôt que les méthodes de navigation aléatoires des marins vikings, il a usé d’une habile combinaison d’observations méticuleuses, de données quantitatives soigneusement collectées et de logique rigoureuse. Il faudra attendre encore près cinq siècles avant qu’une analyse aussi rigoureuse soit appliquée à l’exploration du monde.

S. Frederick Starr
eleventh century - The Persian who discovered America
Abu Rehan Al-Biruni, a Muslim scholar, may have discovered the New World centuries before Columbus, with the sole power of his calculations.




    • DECEMBER 31, 2013
    • | 0
    • SHARE:

1207-Eclipse.jpg
Al-Biruni, a scholar of genius, was a jack-of-all. In addition to the existence of another continent, he was also interested in the phases of the Moon, as shown by this illustration of his hand from one of his books. Photo DR
For over a hundred years, academics, enthusiasts and wacky pose the question: Who really discovered America? Some theories, eccentric fully evoke the presence of Phoenicians in Rhode Island, or Chinese in what was not yet the bay of San Francisco. In 1950, Thor Heyerdahl, Norwegian anthropologist and browser colorful, said that Peruvians aboard sailboats balsa, were regularly back and forth between the Americas and Polynesia, long before Columbus takes the sea Seriously, Scandinavian specialists have studied the Nordic sagas, in search of evidence of prior discovery coast North American by their ancestors. The history of the Vikings splitting the waves aboard their ships to explore and colonize Greenland is now well known. It has been confirmed by archaeological excavations along the Greenland coast. At the beginning of XX th century, the Norwegian Professor Gustav Storm has also shown that men of the North had made several trips to Canada, to lands they named Markland (southern Labrador Current) Helluland ( Baffin Island) and Vinland (Nova Scotia). At about the time the Vikings explored Greenland, a discovery of a different kind took place far from any ocean. For thousands of years, merchants from what is now Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Afghanistan ferrying goods in long caravans traversing Eurasia. Returned home, the merchants' s Central Asia recounted their adventures, recording detailed information on the geography and climate of the land they had visited, stories which were then collected and studied by scholars of local information. The brightest of these scholars was Abu Rehan Al-Biruni (973-1048). Born in Kath, near the Aral Sea, he had in his youth familiar with the mathematics, astronomy, mineralogy, geography, mapping, geometry and trigonometry. He spoke Persian, Arabic and chorasmien, the language of the Sunni dynasty that reigned over much of Iran. Thereafter, he also learned Sanskrit. Astrology Abu Rehan Al-Biruni






At 17, Biruni calculated the latitude and longitude of Kath. Then, helping ancient Greek sources, collection of geographical data in the Mediterranean world, which he began to add the coordinates to other places at the four cardinal points. Having read ancient authors such as Ptolemy (90-168 AD), but also drawing on more recent sources and its own field observations, he deduced that the Earth is round. At the age of 30, he uses the most sophisticated of his time systems to calculate the precise circumference. arrived at the conclusion that the Earth is a sphere, he began to put on the new map of the world that stands all known places in his time. This is where he finds that, according to his calculations, the entire Eurasian mass, the westernmost point of Africa's most eastern point of China, is only two-fifths of the globe. What he has on the remaining three-fifths? Most geographers, from Antiquity to the XI th century, believed that the Eurasian continent was surrounded by a "World Ocean". But such a world covered with water does not he may be unbalanced? Biruni concluded that one or more other continents must exist. These lands are they wild deserts or support populations they?Plunging into its data on latitudes and longitudes of known places, he finds that the man people a broad north-south strip that runs from Russia to southern India and the heart of Africa. It Biruni in 1037 that reaches its historical conclusions about the existence of the New World, based on his research for thirty years. Can we say he discovered America during the first third of the XI th century? In a sense, no, of course. He never laid eyes on the New World continents or on which he speaks in his writings. While the Vikings, they have indeed landed in AmericaNorth shortly before the year 1000, even if they did not understand at the time what they had found. Biruni but deserves at least as much as they the title of discoverer of America. Especially the intellectual process by which he eventually concluded that the existence of a new continent is no less stunning than its conclusions themselves. Because rather than the methods of random navigation marine vikings, he used a clever combination of meticulous observations, carefully collected quantitative data and rigorous logic. It took another nearly five centuries before a rigorous analysis is also applied to the exploration of the world. - S.Frederick Starr Published December History Today (excerpts) London



You can say that he planted the seed of inquiry which is remarkable. But why it took another 500 years for some serious explorations to happen?
 
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You can say that he planted the seed of inquiry which is remarkable. But why it took another 500 years for some serious explorations to happen?

Because the muslims were in no hurry to discover new trade routes on the account that they had in their hands the main ones between Asia-Europe-Africa.
On the other hand,the europeans,forced by the fact that the muslim mameluks of Egypt and Ottomans held the main trade routes sought to find new ways of trading with India.Let's not forget that the Americas were at first an accidental discovery,Columbus was after a new trade route with India.
 
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Who could that be? I don't think that any Muslim traveller ever stepped food on the Americas before Columbus did so 500 years ago or so.

How accurate this is I don't know.
Who really discovered America? The question is restarted.

His name appears nowhere in the school books of history. However, there is a good chance that Rhan Abu al-Biruni is the first discoverer of the New World. This theory is supported by the British monthly magazine History Today , in its December issue.

This Persian, born in 973 in Kath, near the Aral Sea, in modern Uzbekistan, have discovered America, four centuries before Christopher Columbus , who is usually credited with the discovery of the New World in 1492. How the scientific unknown past to the dustbin of history, has he done to beat Columbus and his brothers? With the sole power of his crunching says watermarked section of the British magazine.

Rhan Abu al-Biruni is what can be called a scholar: perfect command several sciences, including mathematics, astronomy, mineralogy, geography, geometry and trigonometry, and speaking Persian, Arabic and chorasmien, the language of the Sunni dynasty that reigned over a large part of Iran. At the age of 30, Rhan Abu al-Biruni concluded that the Earth is round. He then began to put on the new world map , sphere, all known in his time places. It was at this time that the young Muslim from the East realizes that all the Eurasian continent, the westernmost point of Africa in the most eastern China point actually represents, according to his calculations , two fifths of the total surface of the Earth. In his time, geographers have considered the Eurasian continent was surrounded by a large "world ocean." But Rhan Abu al-Biruni, this theory is not satisfactory. What other territories make up the other remaining three-fifths of the Earth? Throughout his discussion, al-Biruni concludes that at least two other continents exist on Earth.

The physicist then plunges into the data on the places known as documented by caravan, merchants Central Asia, which roamed throughout Eurasia. After thirty years of research and use of these data is that in 1037 Biruni believes another continent, the New World , exists. Certainly, al-Biruni is not an explorer to quench the Vikings, who in the year 100 set foot in America without realizing their déouverte, or Christopher Columbus. He never left his lab and saw with his own eyes territories, of which he speaks in his books. Al-Biruni is a researcher who, by a skilful and meticulous use of observations and quantitative data, still managed to prove the existence of the New World. As such, it deserves as much as others the honor of being considered the discoverer of America, concludes History Today.

Google translation is not perfect, but you can get the big lines of the story..
For more info on Al-Burini
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issue of the year, S. Frederick Starr's wrote about Abu Raihan al-Biruni, an Islamic scholar of the 10th ...

So, Who Did Discover America?
S. Frederick Starr Abu Raihan al-Biruni, an Islamic scholar from Central Asia, may have discovered the New World ... these reports. A curious mind The greatest of these scholars was Abu Raihan al-Biruni. Born in 973 near ...
 
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Al Biruni is regarded as the first Indologist for his study of Hinduism and all things related to Hindustan. He accompanied Mahmud of Gazni to India and learned sanskrit. During this time he wrote the Kitab ta'rikh al-Hind, finishing it around 1030.
 
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Vikings reached north america before columbus...but never settled their....its a known fact
they settled there but their settlement never flourished , maybe because of lack of enough support from their motherland
 
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That chinese admiral is very famous here a several mosques built and named after him to remember his contribution to the spread of islam in our country.

Ma'Shah'Allah. Never realised that. I had assumed he was just famous for this one journey to the America(s).
 
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