Can you write a few lines about chinese model. If I dont know what I am talking about I would hardly be able to contribute to the discussion.
As a chinese I am sure you will have a rough idea of your political system, how your leaders get certain post etc.
I am sure I am not the only one who is ignorant in this matter.
This gets complicated. This is going to be a LONG POST but it will be VERY USEFUL.
There's 3 parallel tracks in China: Civil Service, Elected Representatives, Party.
In China, there's political positions, and unelected bureaucratic positions. the difference is, the political positions are subject to contest among candidates and they control an area, while ministries are appointed with no contest and they are national or even transnational in reach in their specialty. the only exceptions are the Premier and Vice Premiers, who can control anything. they're written below according to rank:
1.国家级正职 - Premier and President.
2.国家级副职 - vice-Premiers and vice-Presidents.
3.省部级正职 - Political: Governor of the Provinces. Bureaucratic: Minister.
4.省部级副职 - Political: Vice-Governor of the Provinces. Bureaucratic: Vice-Minister
5.厅局级正职 - Political: None (used to be District 地
. Bureaucratic: Department Leader
6.厅局级副职 - Political: None (used to be District 地
. Bureaucratic: Vice Department Leader
7.县处级正职 - Political: County Supervisor. Bureaucratic: Office leader.
8.县处级副职 - Political: Vice County Supervisor. Bureaucratic: Vice Office leader.
9.乡科级正职 - Political: Village Mayor. Bureaucratic: Section leader.
10.乡科级副职 - Political: vice Village Mayor. Bureaucratic: vice Section leader.
Each of these ranks has a corresponding CPC committee. the leader of this committee is usually different from the leader of the government/bureaucratic rank. The CPC committee is ranked slightly higher than the leader of the government rank to which they belong to, but the rank above always has more authority.
levels 7-10 are currently directly elected for political positions. Levels 5-6 are elected by a council of representatives at the provincial level. Levels 1-4 are elected by the National People's Congress. These apply for only political positions. All bureaucratic positions are unelected and appointed. The department responsible for appointing government positions is the Ministry of Human Resources.
There is also a corresponding Chinese People's Political Consultative Congress, which is a "democratic advisory body" composed of ordinary citizens, members of non-CPC political parties and special interest groups such as labor unions, women's groups, NGOs, major corporations, youth groups, etc. They have no legislative or executive power, they're just an advisory body, but in practice, the leader of the CPPCC is always a top leader (ranked #4 nationally).
The corresponding CPC structure is different. The top is the CPC Central Committee which is made up of about 1000 elected members; they're elected by other CPC members. These 1000 members appoint a Secretariat. This secretariat has many departments, one of which is the Organization Department. The Organization Department is a specialized body which appoints CPC leadership positions such as committee secretaries and the heads of the Legislative and Legal Committee (oversight for law enforcement), Discipline Inspection Committee (along with the Ministry of Supervision, oversees other officials) and Propaganda, as well as lower Organizational Departments. They evaluate people through interviews with their friends and family, psychological tests and background checks.
The central committee also elects a Politburo, which is itself relatively powerless but is usually composed of people powerful for their other positions - usually governors and secretaries of important provinces, top military generals, important ministries, CPC department heads, and national leaders.
The Politburo then appoints the supreme leadership of China, the Politburo Standing Committee, a 9 member council which is made up of the top leaders in the government and the CPC. They are powerful because of not only their Politburo positions but because of their powerful national government positions which are always represented.
1.
President Hu Jintao (who is always concurrently secretary general of the CPC and leader of the armed forces)
2.
Speaker of the National People's Congress Wu Bangguo (highest legislator)
3.
Premier Wen Jiabao (highest bureaucrat)
4.
Chairman of the National Committee of the CPPCC Jia Qinglin (highest advisor)
5.
Secretary of Propaganda Li Changchun (highest censor)
6.
Vice President Xi Jinping (highest vice-President to succeed President)
7.
Vice Premier Li Keqiang (highest vice-Premier to succeed Premier)
8.
Secretary of Disciplinary Inspection He Guoqiang (controls personel and anti-corruption)
9.
Secretary of Legislative Affairs Zhou Yongkang (controls police and intelligence services)