No one "created" Talibotics. They were available for the highest bidder. First Pakistan, Saudi, USA paid the asking price. Then AlQaida goons gave a better offer and took over the movement.
ISI didn't operate alone. It was a team operation.
No, Wrong.
The Taliban were students who fled the Soviet Invasion and were sheltered in Pakistan where they received Islamic education. Some did see combat in Afghanistan but many were too young to fight.
After the Soviets left in 1989, the Afghan Mujahadeen continued to fight the Soviet backed Communist government which fell in 1992 in Kabul.
With the fall of Kabul, the Muhajadeen started fighting each other. Two camps emerged, one led by liberal/secular mostly non-pashtun alliance led by Ahmed Shah Masood who had fought the Soviets bravely. The others were a lose coalition of more religious fundamentalist and predominately pashtun.
Pakistan had been usually been anti-pashtun because of the aspiration of creating an independent country of Pashtuns and thus had historically sided with non-pashtuns such as Tajiks and Hazars.
But Pakistan changed positions when it realized it could employ the same strategy that it used to defeat the Soviets in Afghanistan in Kashmir as well. Using hardline Islamic ideology to wage Jihad in Kashmir and the only ones that could do that were Pashtuns.
The civil war that erupted greatly de-stabilized Pakistan. And then with the fall of the Soviet Union, all those central asian republics got their independence and Pakistan needed to trade with those countries.
With Afghanistan torn apart by civil war, Pakistan employed the Taliban to guard the Trade convoys between Pakistan and Central Asian republics starting in 1993.
Then to bring order to Pakistan's western border, Pakistan Military and ISI employed the Taliban first to take over the more hardline camp in the Afghan civil war. This was done by the end of 1994.
Then Pakistan started sending in weapons and trainers to push back the Ahmed Shah Masood's forces. And by September 1996, Kabul had been captured, and Ahmed Shah Masood's forces labelled themselves as the Northern Alliance.
Then in 1995 Osama bin Laden was expelled from Saudi Arabia for calling for the overthrow of the Saudi Monarchy. He lived in Sudan and then in 1996 with the fall of Kabul, he fled to Afghanistan.
In 1997, the Luxor Massacare happened in Egypt in which Zawahiri's hardline Islamic brotherhood was implicated. He also fled Egypt for Afghanistan. In late 1997, Osama bin laden and Zawahiri merged forces to create a global Al-Qaeda.
They started their terrorist campaign in 1998 with the attack on the US Embassies in Africa, then attacked the US Cole.
Then they ran into Khalid Sheikh Muhammed who had wanted to create a spectacular terrorist attack in 1995, also known as Operation Bojinka when he wanted to plant bombs on 11 US bound flights from the Pacific and blow them up.
He adviced Al Qaeda for a new type of attack on USA which led to 9/11.
