Actually Chinese civilization is a sedentary agrarian one. We love our family and our home.
The migration start by
Coolie - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Chinese word
苦 力 (
pinyin: kǔlì) literally means "bitterly hard (use of) strength", in the Mandarin pronunciation.
History of the Coolie trade
An early trade in Asian labourers is believed to have begun sometime in or around the 16th century. Social and political pressure led to the abolition of the slave trade throughout the
British Empire in 1807, with other European nations following suit. Labour-intensive industries, such as
cotton and
sugar plantations, mines and
railway construction, in the colonies were left without a cheap source of manpower.
[7] As a consequence, a large scale slavery-like trade in Asian (primarily
Indian and
Chinese) indentured labourers began in the 1820s to fill this vacuum. Some of these labourers signed contracts based on misleading promises, some were kidnapped and sold into the trade, some were victims of clan violence whose captors sold them to coolie brokers, while others sold themselves to pay off gambling debts.
[8][9] The British were the first to experiment with this potential new form of cheap labour in 1807, when they imported 200 Chinese men to work in
Trinidad.
The coolie trade was often compared to the earlier slave trade and they accomplished very similar things.
[10][11][12] However, there were significant differences between the Coolie trade and the African slave trade. Firstly, despite the many recorded cases of deceiving and kidnapping coolies, many coolies were voluntary labourers, although it is difficult to know what percentage of the total was represented by voluntary coolies. Owing to famines, wars, and shortages of land, many Asians also chose to go overseas to seek a better life. Secondly, coolies were not kept in bondage for life; they became free after serving out their contracts and could return to their country of origin although a large majority were believed to have served as labourers/slaves long after their contracts had expired. Coolies also received wages, although usually they were paid much less than local workers. Although there are reports of ships for Asian coolies carrying women and children, the great majority of them were men. Finally, regulations were put in place, as early as 1837 by the
British authorities in India to safeguard these principles of voluntary, contractual work and safe and sanitary transportation although in practice this rarely occurred especially during examples such as the Pacific Passage or the Guano Pits of Peru. The Chinese government also made efforts to secure the well-being of their nation's workers, with representations being made to relevant governments around the world.
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Compare to them, the Chinese today is a lot luckier and have much better option.
