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The evolution of Civilization in North India

It looks like I have finally reached the end of this thread. I would like to finish by listing some of the great people the Ganges region has produced and their amazing contributions to human civilization.

Brahmagupta- one of the most famous Indian mathematicians of all time. Although his place of birth is disputed, with some sources saying he was born in Multan, Pakistan, and others say he was born in Bhinmal, Rajashtan. However, he lived and worked most of his life in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, and worked under the Gupta Empire. His most famous accomplishment was using the zero as a number rather than a placeholder, and accurately describing its properties. Hence, he is considered to be the discoverer of the modern number zero. In addition, Brahmagupta was also one of the first mathematicians to accurately describe the modern equation, although he described it through prose rather than quantitatively. In addition, he was also one of the first to describe the properties of negative numbers, and apply negative numbers to the quadratic equation to obtain negative solutions, something preciously thought to be impossible. He also wrote a formula for generating Pythagreon triples. Another one of Brahmagupta's most famous achievements is the Brahmagupta formula, which is used to find the area of a cyclic quadrilateral.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmagupta's_formula
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmagupta

Arybhata-another one of India's most famous mathematicians is Arybhata. His most famous work, the Arabhatiya, described the place value system and decimal system, two simple concepts essential for modern mathematics. He is also famous for calculating the most exact value of pi, and for calculating the most exact value of a year. He also came the closest to calculating the dates and duration of eclipses.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryabhata

Sushruta- Known as the father of Ayurveda, Sushruta was the author of the Sushruta Samhita, one of the world's first texts on medicine. In it, Sushruta describes techniques of surgeries, including applying anesthesia. The text also describes processes of rhinoplasty(implanting noses) and the ancient equivalent of plastic surgery. The text also describes in great detail the human skeleton and organs. Thus, it can accurately be stated that some of the oldest surgeries In the world occurred in modern India, and modern-day India is definitely the birthplace of plastic surgery.
Here is a good article on Sushruta by Colombia University.
http://columbiasurgery.org/news/201...ient-indian-nose-jobs-origins-plastic-surgery

Also, the Mahabharata and Ramayana are two of the longest works of epic poetry in the world, and both were composed in the Gangetic Plains, showing that the region was also a powerhouse in the arts and literature.

I would like to end this thread by a famous quote by American author Mark Twain:
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Thank you to everyone who read this thread and commented, your support is always appreciated. If you liked this thread, stay tuned because I will be posting many more.

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