Soviet Russia helped to get China in Nuclear , Space , Missile technology

[Indo-guy]

@Fattyacids

Dear fatty acids ,
Since you insist and since I am not afraid to state the facts.I will respond to you as long you wish.
All the while I am addressing you as Dear Fatty acid and see what words you are using ....Slimy , dodgy , liars ,shameless etc


I can dig up many of my questions you have deliberately left unanswered and things you have twisted... ..when I send Deng Xiaopong...I mean that era ....Yes I agree the relations improved after Yeltsin visit . But that does not take away fact that Russia did helped China in several ways .
China had been under arms embargo by west and it's Russia which fulfilled China's defense needs ..Most of China's military hardware came from Russia which Chinese scientists reveres engineered later . China was social pariah in International arena . Russia did a great favor by supplying all that military hardware to China .

also True is the fact Soviets helped in establishing Uranium enrichment plants in 1950's also send nuclear scientists and blue prints for primitive nuclear weapons ...

When I say China owes a lot to Russia ...it's not in monetary terms ....

For what Russia did can never be equated in terms of money ...
At one point you just refuse to accept that Russia did help , at other point you say it was peanuts ..at other point of time you say it was same as given to other communist countries ...
and another point you say that money given was to wage wars ....

I have already stated that Soviet Russia showed great magnanimity to give away its naval bases at port Arthur and Dalian ...despite stiff resistance from Stalin as part of Sino- soviet friendship treaty .... You did not say anything about that

I also told you during same period Sovuet Russia gave 300 million $ . Remember 300 million dollars in 1950 is equivalent to several trillion dollar today ( I was not going to say that but just since you insisted although I still say when I said you owe a lot to Russia it was not referred to monetary terms ) This is the 'price......not 'value .

This assistance came when millions and millions of Chinese were dying of starvation in China ....Can you put value to this assistance ... In indian culture if somebody gives you even drops of water when you are dying ...you are indebted to them forever ...

Remember china had no friend then....and during such critical period when PRC was born after long drawn civil war ...only country that helped you guys were China ...
and you insult that as peanuts ....You have been most ungrateful to forget a help provided by country in the most critical period of your history....ask your grand parents ....they might be able to reminisce .

It was Russian help due to which chin was able to undertake mass scale industrialization...
China was not able to make even simple machines ...all the sophisticated machinery , engines were send by Russia with their technicians ..to teach Chinese people ....

Sino-Soviet split happned in 1961. From 1945 till this period China required unprecedented help from soviets . As stated before Soviet Russia helped you guys establish ...uranium and plutonium processing plants also send their nuclear scientists ...gave blue prints ...
China was utterly poor ..had no expertise for this state of the art techs ...al of which were passed on by the Soviets to China ...
China conducted its first nuclear test in 1964 just 3 years after Split from Soviet ...Do you think Chinese developed nukes on its own....in just 4 years ..that too when million were dying of poverty and hunger. China had no money to feed itself....Without Soviet help it would not have been possible for the then third world country like China to develop nukes ...
It's well known truth US and Russia were only pioneers in technology ...subsequently all countries including China stole secrets and copied technology ....


Your PRC /ROC differentiation is absolute nonsense ...
are these two different countries ?

Your argument that Soviets helped PRC and not ROC is absolutely laughable ....Soviets helped PRC gain all crucial technology ...and when it changed to ROC did ROC give up that tech....Name and regime changed ....but country is same ...The fruits of industrialization and mechanization that you enjoy today belong to the trees whose seeds were sowed at PRC era with the help of Soviets ....
China was neither military or nuclear power ..yet because of Soviet Russia ....China got permanent seat at Security council ....

Immediately after soviet split - China attacked Vietnam the then Soviet ally which turned relations bad .
China had brief war with Russia ...You are asking me whether I know it or not ...
You don't read post fully ....I already told you I know it well because my Russian friend that I had made during Antarctica expedition had served in Sino- Russian war in 1969 in medical corps ...

well so many things changed after brief conflict in 1969 ...and you ask me naïve question as to how you can be grateful to your opponent ....
Well after collapse of USSR - Boris yeltsin visit thawd relations again ...in 1995 ( if I am correct ) border agreement was included ..Eversince then China and Russia has shared close relationships ....
after Tianmen square massacre west had imposed arms sanctions during this period again Russia was main arms supplier ...and all major technologies that china today flaunts were absorbed during this period .I am not belittling China's own efforts ...but China gained lot from Russian ready made hardware ....

China's space programme owes to Russia lot ....training of Chinese scientists and sharing of R-2 rocket technology was primer for China's Space programme ...from which also developed ballistic missile programme ....All initial Chinese rockets and missiles were totally based on R-2 rocket technology ....
Concurrent massive Chinese spy programme made further valuable contribution ....

China - didn't have to begin from scratch ...they got readymade Russian , technology , amchines , expertise , designs ready made during Sino -Soviet Friendship era that lasted from 1945-1961 . China was poor , illiterate , starving third world country during this period . Without Soviet help it was impossible for China to Test rockets , missiles and nukes in 1950s-60s era itself ....

Thus China totally owes credit for helping it in era of Nuclear , Space, Missile technology to Soviet Russia alone ....

In fact Russia carried Chinese Mars orbiter along with its Phobos Grunt mission ...
China does not have launch vehicle as of today to embark upon mars mission ...
Russia had been magnanimous to you to accord that privilege ...

This is enough to surmise that Russia has helped China immensely in its past and also in its present immensely ....

You will deny many of the facts mentioned above. Your countrymen like Biejingwalker maintained tacit silence because they are aware of these facts ....

I know you reaction.....you will say all this is utter lies ...
well blame it on CCP if they didn't tell you all these facts ....

I am open to answer all your questions if you have any

Even if now you continue to deny Russia's role in crafting destiny of your country ...
would say you are the most ungrateful person to deny the credit that you need to give your friendly neighbor Russia .

China owes a lot to Russia ! I standby my statement

22O soviet experts sent to China along with Liu Shaoqi under Kovaleve leadership on August 14 , 1950 .
With task of aiding in Industrialiasation

More than 600 developemental aid workers in China since 1948 .
March 1952: 332 advisers , 471 technical experts

In september 1953 Zou enlai asked for additional 172 experts to Molotov 655

Chinese wishlish to Soviets- rolling mills, steam turbines ,
Total vaue of Aid in 1949 – US 31.3 million $ of which 8.5million $ for rails and related equipmrnts
Aid in 1950- aircrafts and artillery pieces worth 26.5 million $ delivered on september 16
Rail equipment worth 6.3 millions delivered on November 5 .

Soviet Union and Communist China – 1945-1950: the Arduous road to Alliance Author Dieter Heinzig


http://books.google.com.sg/books?id...tion to china a summing-up at seventy&f=false

Qian Xuesen Cold war spy( father of China's missile and space program ) was deported from the United States to China, he helped launch China’s early rocket and satellite program, with Soviet help until 1960.
[Source: Kerry Brown The Guardian, November 1, 2009]

In October 1996, Chinese astronauts trainees began spaceflight training in Moscow.
The Shenzhou is modeled after the Russian Soyuz crafts but had many improvements added such as electricity-generating solar panels that allow it to stay in space for weeks at a time.

China opened its first missile and rocket research center in 1956. In the 1950s, Qian Xuesen, an alleged Cold war spy, was deported from the United States to China, where he helped launch China’s early rocket and satellite program, with Soviet help until 1960. China developed its first rocket—the Long March—in the 1960s


The Soviets provided this model and provided all the trappings of it, including the model of the Academy of Soviet Sciences. The Soviet scientific system separated research from universities and placed the prerogative on regional research institutes.
The Soviets helped build 141 Chinese state enterprises that consisted of chemical industry development, electrical development, among many others. (see Wu and Sheeks, 187
With the Communist Revolution in 1949, the conduit of science and technology shifted to the Soviet Union, who was supposedly united with China by a common commitment to Marxist-Leninist ideology
During the early stages of Sino-Soviet cooperation the Chinese gleaned the Soviet system of education; received more than 45,000 research journals and titles from the Soviet Academy of Sciences; hosted thousands of Soviet advisers and professors who ‘advised’ the Chinese; and sent hundreds of students each year to the U.S.S.R to receive formal scientific training and education. Wu and Sheeks add to this by discussing the large heavy industrial investment the Soviets had in China as well. The Soviets promised to re-build (or build) 141 Chinese state enterprises that consisted of chemical industry development, electrical development, among many others. (see Wu and Sheeks, 187) The Soviets had also sent more than 10,000 sets of specifications to China by 1960. (Wu and Sheeks, 202)

 

[Indo-guy]

USSR gave 300 million US dollar loan to China in 1950

Official Transcript of conversation between Mao and Stalin

Comrade Mao Zedong:
We would like to decide on the question of Soviet credit to China, that is to draw up a credit agreement for 300.000.000 dollars between the governments of the USSR and China.


Comrade Stalin:

This can be done. If you would like to formalize this agreement now, we can.

Comrade Mao Zedong:

Yes, exactly now, as this would resonate well in China. At the same time it is necessary to resolve the question of trade, especially between the USSR and Xinjiang [Sinkiang], though at present we cannot present a specific trade operations plan for this region.


here is the link ....

conversation between the soviet union's joseph stalin and china's mao zedong, 1949
Conversation between the Soviet Union's Joseph Stalin and China's Mao Zedong, 1949

Detailed transcript of conversation between Mao and stalin discussing various aids to China ( PRC)

Conversation between Stalin and Mao, Moscow, 16 December 1949
Release Date: 12/16/1949
For other documents on Mao Zedong, click here.

Conversation between the Soviet Union's Joseph Stalin and China's Mao Zedong
December 16, 1949
Source: Cold War International History Project (Smithsonian Institution)
Conversation between Stalin and Mao, Moscow, 16 December 1949

[Classification level blacked out: "NOT SECRET" Stamped]

RECORD OF CONVERSATION BETWEEN COMRADE I.V. STALIN AND CHAIRMAN OF THE CENTRAL PEOPLE'S GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA MAO ZEDONG on 16 December 1949
After an exchange of greetings and a discussion of general topics, the following conversation took place.
Comrade Mao Zedong: The most important question at the present time is the question of establishing peace. China needs a period of 3-5 years of peace, which would be used to bring the economy back to pre-war levels and to stabilize the country in general. Decisions on the most important questions in China hinge on the prospects for a peaceful future. With this in mind the CC CPC [Central Committee of the Communist Party of China] entrusted me to ascertain from you, comr[ade]. Stalin, in what way and for how long will international peace be preserved.
Comrade Stalin: In China a war for peace, as it were, is taking place. The question of peace greatly preoccupies the Soviet Union as well, though we have already had peace for the past four years. With regards to China, there is no immediate threat at the present time: Japan has yet to stand up on its feet and is thus not ready for war; America, though it screams war, is actually afraid of war more than anything; Europe is afraid of war; in essence, there is no one to fight with China, not unless Kim Il Sung decides to invade China?
Peace will depend on our efforts. If we continue to be friendly, peace can last not only 5-10 years, but 20-25 years and perhaps even longer.
Comrade Mao Zedong: Since Liu Shaoqi's return to China, CC CPC has been discussing the treaty of friendship, alliance and mutual assistance between China and the USSR.
Comrade Stalin: This question we can discuss and decide. We must ascertain whether to declare the continuation of the current 1945 treaty of alliance and friendship between the USSR and China, to announce impending changes in the future, or to make these changes right now.
As you know, this treaty was concluded between the USSR and China as a result of the Yalta Agreement, which provided for the main points of the treaty (the question of the Kurile Islands, South Sakhalin, Port Arthur, etc.). That is, the given treaty was concluded, so to speak, with the consent of America and England. Keeping in mind this circumstance, we, within our inner circle, have decided not to modify any of the points of this treaty for now, since a change in even one point could give America and England the legal grounds to raise questions about modifying also the treaty's provisions concerning the Kurile Islands, South Sakhalin, etc. This is why we searched to find a way to modify the current treaty in effect while formally maintaining its provisions, in this case by formally maintaining the Soviet Union's right to station its troops at Port Arthur while, at the request of the Chinese government, actually withdrawing the Soviet Armed forces currently stationed there. Such an operation could be carried out upon China's request.
One could do the same with KChZhD [Chinese Changchun Railroad, which traverses Manchuria], that is, to effectively modify the corresponding points of the agreement while formally maintaining its provisions, upon China's request.
If, on the other hand, the Chinese comrades are not satisfied with this strategy, they can present their own proposals.
Comrade Mao Zedong: The present situation with regard to KChZhD and Port Arthur corresponds well with Chinese interests, as the Chinese forces are inadequate to effectively fight against imperialist aggression. In addition, KChZhD is a training school for the preparation of Chinese cadres in railroad and industry.
Comrade Stalin: The withdrawal of troops does not mean that Soviet Union refuses to assist China, if such assistance is needed. The fact is that we, as communists, are not altogether comfortable with stationing our forces on foreign soil, especially on the soil of a friendly nation. Given this situation anyone could say that if Soviet forces can be stationed on Chinese territory, then why could not the British, for example, station their forces in Hong Kong, or the Americans in Tokyo?
We would gain much in the arena of international relations if, with mutual agreement, the Soviet forces were to be withdrawn from Port Arthur. In addition, the withdrawal of Soviet forces would provide a serious boost to Chinese communists in their relations with the national bourgeoisie. Everyone would see that the communists have managed to achieve what [Nationalist Chinese leader] Jiang Jieshi [Chiang Kai-shek] could not. The Chinese communists must take the national bourgeoisie into consideration.
The treaty ensures the USSR's right to station its troops in Port Arthur. But the USSR is not obligated to exercise this right and can withdraw its troops upon Chinese request. However, if this is unsuitable, the troops in Port Arthur can remain there for 2, 5, or 10 years, whatever suits China best. Let them not misunderstand that we want to run away from China. We can stay there for 20 years even.
Comrade Mao Zedong: In discussing the treaty in China we had not taken into account the American and English positions regarding the Yalta agreement. We must act in a way that is best for the common cause. This question merits further consideration. However, it is already becoming clear that the treaty should not be modified at the present time, nor should one rush to withdraw troops from Port Arthur.

Should not Zhou Enlai visit Moscow in order to decide the treaty question?
Comrade Stalin: No, this question you must decide for yourselves. Zhou may be needed in regard to other matters.
Comrade Mao Zedong: We would like to decide on the question of Soviet credit to China, that is to draw up a credit agreement for 300.000.000 dollars between the governments of the USSR and China.
Comrade Stalin: This can be done. If you would like to formalize this agreement now, we can.
Comrade Mao Zedong: Yes, exactly now, as this would resonate well in China. At the same time it is necessary to resolve the question of trade, especially between the USSR and Xinjiang [Sinkiang], though at present we cannot present a specific trade operations plan for this region.
Comrade Stalin: We must know right now what kind of equipment China will need, especially now, since we do not have equipment in reserve and the request for industrial goods must be submitted ahead of time.
Comrade Mao Zedong: We are having difficulties in putting together a request for equipment, as the industrial picture is as yet unclear.
Comrade Stalin: It is desirable to expedite the preparation of this request, as requests for equipment are submitted to our industry at least a year in advance.
Comrade Mao Zedong: We would very much like to receive assistance from the USSR in creating air transportation routes.
Comrade Stalin: We are ready to render such assistance. Air routes can be established over Xinjiang and the MPR [Mongolian People's Republic]. We have specialists. We will give you assistance.
Comrade Mao Zedong: We would also like to receive your assistance in creating a naval force.
Comrade Stalin: Cadres for Chinese navy could be prepared at Port Arthur. You give us people, and we will give you ships. Trained cadres of the Chinese navy could then return to China on these ships.
Comrade Mao Zedong: Guomindang [Kuomintang] supporters have built a naval and air base on the island of Formosa [Taiwan]. Our lack of naval forces and aviation makes the occupation of the island by the People's Liberation Army [PLA] more difficult. With regard to this, some of our generals have been voicing opinions that we should request assistance from the Soviet Union, which could send volunteer pilots or secret military detachments to speed up the conquest of Formosa.
Comrade Stalin: Assistance has not been ruled out, though one ought to consider the form of such assistance. What is most important here is not to give Americans a pretext to intervene. With regard to headquarters staff and instructors we can give them to you anytime. The rest we will have to think about.
Do you have any assault landing units?
Comrade Mao Zedong: We have one former Guomindang assault landing regiment unit which came over to join our side.
Comrade Stalin: One could select a company of landing forces, train them in propaganda, send them over to Formosa, and through them organize an uprising on the isle.
Comrade Mao Zedong: Our troops have approached the borders of Burma and Indo-China. As a result, the Americans and the British are alarmed, not knowing whether we will cross the border or whether our troops will halt their movement.
Comrade Stalin: One could create a rumor that you are preparing to cross the border and in this way frighten the imperialists a bit.
Comrade Mao Zedong: Several countries, especially Britain, are actively campaigning to recognize the People's Republic of China. However, we believe that we should not rush to be recognized. We must first bring about order to the country, strengthen our position, and then we can talk to foreign imperialists.
Comrade Stalin: That is a good policy. In addition, there is no need for you to create conflicts with the British and the Americans. If, for example, there will be a need to put pressure on the British, this can be done by resorting to a conflict between the Guangdong province and Hong Kong. And to resolve this conflict, Mao Zedong could come forward as the mediator. The main point is not to rush and to avoid conflicts.
Are there foreign banks operating in Shanghai?
Comrade Mao Zedong: Yes.
Comrade Stalin: And whom are they serving?
Comrade Mao Zedong: The Chinese national bourgeoisie and foreign enterprises which so far we have not touched. As for the foreigners' spheres of influence, the British predominate in investments in the economic and commercial sectors, while the Americans lead in the sector of cultural-educational organizations.
Comrade Stalin: What is the situation regarding Japanese enterprises?
Comrade Mao Zedong: They have been nationalized.
Comrade Stalin: In whose hands is the customs agency?
Comrade Mao Zedong: In the hands of the government.
Comrade Stalin: It is important to focus attention on the customs agency as it is usually a good source of government revenue.
Comrade Mao Zedong: In the military and political sectors we have already achieved complete success; as for cultural and economic sectors, we have as yet not freed ourselves from foreign influence there.
Comrade Stalin: Do you have inspectors and agents overseeing foreign enterprises, banks, etc.?
Comrade Mao Zedong: Yes, we have. We are carrying out such work in the study and oversight of foreign enterprises (the Kailan [?] mines, electric power plants and aqueducts in Shanghai, etc.).
Comrade Stalin: One should have government inspectors who must operate legally. The foreigners should also be taxed at higher levels than the Chinese.
Who owns the enterprises mining wolfram [tungsten], molybdenum, and petroleum?
Comrade Mao Zedong: The government.
Comrade Stalin: It is important to increase the mining of minerals and especially of petroleum. You could build an oil pipeline from western Lanzhou to Chengdu [?], and then transport fuel by ship.
Comrade Mao Zedong: So far we have not decided which districts of China we should strive to develop first - the coastal areas or those inland, since we were unsure of the prospects for peace.
Comrade Stalin: Petroleum, coal, and metal are always needed, regardless of whether there be war or not.
Comrade Stalin: Can rubber-bearing trees be grown in southern China?
Comrade Mao Zedong: So far it has not been possible.
Comrade Stalin: Is there a meteorological service in China?
Comrade Mao Zedong: No, it has not been established yet.
Comrade Stalin: It should be established.
Comrade Stalin: We would like to receive from you a list of your works which could be translated into Russian.
Comrade Mao Zedong: I am currently reviewing my works which were published in various local publishing houses and which contain a mass of errors and misrepresentations. I plan to complete this review by spring of 1950. However, I would like to receive help from Soviet comrades: first of all, to work on the texts with Russian translators and, secondly, to receive help in editing the Chinese original.
Comrade Stalin: This can be done. However, do you need your works edited?
Comrade Mao Zedong: Yes, and I ask you to select a comrade suitable for such a task, say, for example, someone from CC VKP/b/ [All-Union Communist Party of bolsheviks].
Comrade Stalin: It can be arranged, if indeed there is such a need.

Also present at the meeting: comrs. Molotov, Malenkov, Bulganin, Vyshinskii, [Soviet translator N.T.] Fedorenko and [Chinese translator] Shi Zhe /Karskii/.


Recorded by comr. Fedorenko.
[signature illegible 31/XII]
[Source: Archive of the President, Russian Federation (APRF), fond (f.) 45, opis (op.) 1, delo (d.) 329, listy (ll.) 9-17; translation by Danny Rozas.]

 

[armchairPrivate]

The stuff you dug up were pretty stale, don't you think? The latest was the 1950's. This is 2013. Have you been sleep through the 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000?

What a shameful way to make a point.

 

[Indo-guy]

In December 1949, Mao Zedong traveled to Moscow, for his first trip abroad. Three months earlier, perched high above a crowd of thousands in Beijing's Tiananmen Square, Mao had announced the founding of the People's Republic of China. The nascent country was yet unformed, and Mao thought it important to ensure that New China would stand on the right side of history: the Communist side. In this, Mao needed Joseph Stalin's blessing and Soviet help.
Back then, China was in ruins after years of war, first with Japan, then with itself: it had little industry and infrastructure, even less science and technology; it had no navy, no air force but unspeakable poverty and rampant disease. Russia, though still recovering from wartime losses, had a modern industry, atomic weapons, and the ambitions of a superpower.
Mao wanted a treaty of alliance that would give China "face" on the international stage but also provide security guarantees against the United States, economic aid to rebuild and modernize the ruined Chinese economy, and military assistance to "liberate" Taiwan. According to Mao's interpreter, present at the meeting, he told Stalin he wanted something that "looked good but also tasted delicious." Stalin was non-committal. He feared that closer relations with Mao could jeopardize Moscow's postwar gains in the Far East and quite possibly lead to a U.S. intervention.
After the opening of the Russian archives in the early 1990s, the Cold War International History Project at the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars (CWIHP) obtained declassified documents on the meetings between Mao and Stalin, publishing them in translation, with scholarly commentary, in successive issues of the CWIHP Bulletin to shed light, for the first time, on the making of the Sino-Soviet Alliance. Not all documents were declassified, and key evidence remains locked away in inaccessible archival vaults in Moscow as well as Beijing. This week, CWIHP has published additional documents on the Mao-Stalin cat-and-mouse game, and on the ups and downs of Sino-Soviet relations in the following years. These documents offer an interesting look behind the curtains of foreign policy decision making in China and Russia and provide clues for understanding where the Sino-Russian relationship is headed
When Stalin Met Mao: Digital Archive

Sergey Radchenko | Wilson Center

Soviet Russia's Contribution to Chinese Nuclear Programme

Based on PRCFMA – PRC Foreign Ministry Archives

Soviet Russia’s contribution to China’s nuclear programme from 1954-1957
Soviets helped China build research reactor and cyclotron in China , co-operatvie uranius mining and processing , eastblishment of Eastern atomic energy institute

Nuclear weapon programme - 1957-1960
Soviets assisted China in establishment of Uranium enrichment , plutonium processing , warhead design and production and missile technology

http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/soviet_policies_twrds_chinas_nuclear_weapons_prgm_1.pdf

 

[armchairPrivate]

^^^

Nobody cares about your findings.

The only thing people see today is India is dirt poor.

 

[Indo-guy]

This articles and material is being posted here for information of Chinere friends who are in state of denial ...
They want to make Russia their puddle state ....just like they believe Canada is US puddle state ....

I know this is world known fact but Chinese deny it ....they called me liar, dodgy , shameless when I tried to reason

please go through thread called as Russia's choice : Balance of Power or China's Canada.

the said thread has been closed ..so I have to create new thread ,...

I have to prove them that I am not liar

^^^

Nobody cares about your findings.

The only thing people see today is India is dirt poor.

This articles and material is being posted here for information of Chinere friends who are in state of denial ...
They want to make Russia their puddle state ....just like they believe Canada is US puddle state ....

I know this is world known fact but Chinese deny it ....they called me liar, dodgy , shameless when I tried to reason

please go through thread called as Russia's choice : Balance of Power or China's Canada.

the said thread has been closed ..so I have to create new thread ,...

I have to prove them that I am not liar

Source: http://www.defence.pk/forums/world-affairs/271946-soviet-russia-helped-get-china-nuclear-space-missile-technology.html#ixzz2cHPw1WQl

 

[Indo-guy]

During the early stages of Sino-Soviet cooperation the Chinese gleaned the Soviet system of education; received more than 45,000 research journals and titles from the Soviet Academy of Sciences; hosted thousands of Soviet advisers and professors who ‘advised’ the Chinese; and sent hundreds of students each year to the U.S.S.R to receive formal scientific training and education. Wu and Sheeks add to this by discussing the large heavy industrial investment the Soviets had in China as well. The Soviets promised to re-build (or build) 141 Chinese state enterprises that consisted of chemical industry development, electrical development, among many others. (see Wu and Sheeks, 187) The Soviets had also sent more than 10,000 sets of specifications to China by 1960. (Wu and Sheeks, 202)


The Soviets provided the Chinese with a nuclear reactor, a cyclotron and fissionable material. (Lewiss and Xue, 41)

These accords also included a geological survey for uranium in exchange for the Chinese supplying raw materials to the Soviets.
In the initial stages of the nuclear project Chinese scientists and planners stressed the need for the “vigorous assistance” of the Soviets. (Ibid., 48)
The Soviets, according to Davis and Xue, felt compelled to give the Chinese more than they were comfortable in doing, because their position among socialist countries was deteriorating. (Ibid., 62)
The Soviets directly aided Chinese scientists with the deployment of Russian experts and advisers, blueprints, machinery and scientific journals; the Chinese also indirectly pushed for scientific growth out of intrinsic strategic concerns.
Chinese scientists of the Communist period were much more deliberate at acquiring as much as they could from the Soviets before the 1960 Sino-Soviet split.
Sino-Soviet relationship deteriorated as time moved on and tensions between the Chinese and the Soviets grew worse. The Soviets pulled out early on during the bomb project, but they had provided enough materials and schematics so that the Chinese could reverse engineer and innovate the necessary procedures and components to build a bomb.
The following Sino-soviet split period would be one of counterproductive populist science and general decline that would last until Deng Xiaoping’s reforms in 1978.
Sino-Soviet Scientific Collaboration B Y K E V I N H O

^^^

Nobody cares about your findings.

The only thing people see today is India is dirt poor.

I wish you good luck . God bless you !

 

[armchairPrivate]

^^^
I don't need you god. I don't want your bless. You can have it. Thank you very much.

 

[Indo-guy]

Soviet Russia's contribution to Chinese Space Programme

Qian Xuesen Cold war spy( father of China's missile and space program ) was deported from the United States to China, he helped launch China’s early rocket and satellite program, with Soviet help until 1960.
[Source: Kerry Brown The Guardian, November 1, 2009]



The Shenzhou is modeled after the Russian Soyuz crafts but had many improvements added such as electricity-generating solar panels that allow it to stay in space for weeks at a time.
China opened its first missile and rocket research center in 1956. In the 1950s, Qian Xuesen, an alleged Cold war spy, was deported from the United States to China, where he helped launch China’s early rocket and satellite program, with Soviet help until 1960.
China developed its first rocket—the Long March—in the 1960s

Sino-Soviet Scientific Collaboration B Y K E V I N H O


Kevin's Work






During the cordial Sino-Soviet relations of the 1950s, the USSR engaged in a cooperative technology transfer program with the PRC under which they trained Chinese students and provided the fledgling program with a sample R-2 rockets.
The first Chinese missile was built in October 1958 as a reverse-engineered copy of the Soviet R-2 short-range ballistic missile (SRB) . Its range was 590 km, weighing 20.5 tons and propelled with liquid oxygen and alcohol.
China's first ever T-7 sounding rocket was successfully launched from the Nanhui launch site on February 19, 1960.[3] ^ a b "中国第一枚自行设计制造的试验 探空火箭T-7M发射场遗址". 南汇医保信息网. 2006-06-19.
China started to develop medium-range ballistic missiles (MRBM) in July 1960, with an increased range double that of the R-2.
After the Sino-Soviet split[edit source | edit]
Only 17 days after the last Soviet expert had left China, the first Soviet built R-2 rocket fueled with Chinese-made propellant was launched with success on September 10, 1960.

In October 1996, Chinese astronauts trainees began spaceflight training in Moscow.

The Shenzhou is modeled after the Russian Soyuz crafts


Chinese exploration of Mars — The Yinghuo-1 orbiter was launched in November 2011 in the joint Fobos-Grunt mission with Russia, but it failed to leave Earth orbit and underwent destructive re-entry on 15 January 2012. Further planned missions include rover landers and possible crewed missions in the far future.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_space_program#cite_note-nhwsj.gov.cn-3

 

[Indo-guy]

Russia's contribution to Chinese army


Since 1992, military sales by Russia to China have reached at least $20 billion. Russia has managed to sell China enough military hardware to arm a medium-sized European country. (4) The lion's share of the goods went to aviation. The PLAAF (People's Liberation Army Air Force) and PLANAF (the air arm of the Chinese Navy) received about 200 multi-purpose fourth generation fighter-bomber Su-27s and Su-30s of various modifications, along with a license to produce 200 Su-27s and 250 Su-30s domestically. As for the latter (a considerably modernized version of the Su-27), - both purchased and manufactured - China is planning to have over 500 of these aircraft. (5) Also on the agenda this year, is the purchase by Beijing of 40 Il-76 heavy air transports and Il-78 air tankers. (6)

The Chinese Navy has not been left out of the arms contracts; its inventory increased by 12 Kilo class diesel submarines (Projects 877EKM, 636 and 636M), and 4 Sovremenny class destroyers. (7) In addition to the fact that the submarines are considered as possibly the most capable and quietest such vessels in the world, the destroyers are equipped with arguably the most lethal anti-ship cruise missile, the supersonic SS-N-22 Sunburn (or according to the original Russian nomenclature, R-270 Moskit). The Moskit, even by admission of American naval experts, poses a serious threat to US ships (including, possibly, aircraft carriers).

China's air defense capabilities also have been greatly enhanced by the acquisition of 12 battalion units of S-300 PMU-1 and 27 complexes of Tor M-1 SAMs. (8) The former is known as at least comparable to the American Patriot, and the delivery of eight units of the even more sophisticated PMU-2 modification of the system is expected shortly. Since most of these weapons are intended as protection for the ballistic missiles aimed at Taiwan, Taipei's unease about the deal is understandable.

Likewise of concern for Taiwanese leaders, as well as China's other neighbors, were Russian-Chinese military exercises carried out from 18 to 25 August 2005—the first time in more than 40 years. (9) The scale of the event was considerable; it encompassed 10,000 military personnel, as well as approximately 70 ships and submarines. While the Chinese participated mainly with personnel (around 8,000) and sea vessels (some 60 ships and submarines), the main contributions from the Russian side were advanced air assets, such as 2 Tu-95MS Bear strategic bombers, 4 Tu-22M3 Backfire long-range bombers, Su-24M2 Fencer bombers, Su-27SM Flanker fighters, 10 Il-76 Candid transport aircraft, an A-50 Mainstay air warning command and control aircraft, and an Il-78 Midas air tanker. The public, formal objective of the maneuvers was coordination in the fight against international terrorism, but few missed the real implications for conventional warfare: Anti-terrorist military actions do not require the use of strategic bombers and large scale amphibious operations—whereas an offensive against an island state might…. One may only surmise who proposed the scenario, but the message sent by the exercise seemed clear enough: The Asian-Pacific region is a domain of Russia and China, and no one else should challenge their influence there.

It is possible that only one of the participants, Russia, wanted to send this message to the rest of the world. China, quite possibly, views this partnership in the Pacific as temporary and likely is playing its own game; Russia should be aware that the eventual loser can be the one who deals its partner the winning cards.

China had become a major political factor in the world long before Deng Xiaoping set the country on the path of economic reforms, which now has transformed China into the second largest economy on the planet (measured by Purchasing Power Parity, or PPP). (10) In the 1960's, joining the world nuclear club greatly boosted China's influence on world affairs as a whole, and its authority in the Third World in particular. For the past decade, China has demonstrated a 10% annual economic growth, a pace that requires more and more energy resources. At present, China is the second largest consumer, and the third largest importer, of oil and is desperately seeking new sources of energy.
The armed forces of the country are a far cry from the vast formation of under-trained men of the 1970s, who were armed with poor copies of Soviet AK-47 assault rifles and flying inadequate copies of old Soviet airplanes. Nowadays, having absorbed many modern Western technologies and combat experiences, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) - with 2.5 million men, close to 5,000 aircraft, and up to 2,700 warships (not to mention hundreds of strategic and tactical nuclear missiles) - represents quite a formidable force. According to the almost unanimous opinion of military experts, by 2025, or even earlier, China will have all the necessary battle capabilities for invading Taiwan. Even now China's front line aviation has 400 fourth generation modern combat planes—more than Russia does. (11)

Still, theoretical capabilities and actual plans to launch an aggressive assault are altogether different. The latter enterprise implies and requires firm determination and political will. Does the Chinese leadership possess that kind of will and determination? If China were a democratic country, then the answer definitely would be no. China, however, is in no way a democracy. It is a totalitarian, by some estimates even a fascist state (12), with little regard for human life (as, for example, evident in the Tiananmen Square Massacre, in June 1989). So, the answer has to be yes: China will attack Taiwan as soon as it feels prepared not only to break the Taiwanese resistance, but to oppose, successfully, American forces as well.

With few doubts regarding the future of Taiwan, a question arises whether Russia should beware of China as well. The answer may depend on two aspects: The first of them is, if China sees something across its northern border that might be worth resorting to force in dealings with its neighbor; and the second, if Russia would be able to curb any dangerous impulses from the south.

It is common knowledge that the natural resources of Siberia and the Russian Far East are enormous and diverse. To get protracted access to those riches at reasonable prices would be a coup for any serious aspirant. It might be easier to obtain the permanent possession of these resources by means short of military force.

The hard reality for the world, and especially for China's neighbors, is that, with a current rate of growth that very likely will remain at 8-10% in the foreseeable future, the increasing demands of the economy and enhanced military muscle, Beijing might try its fortune in the North. It is true that the border disputes between China and Russia have been settled, presumably amicably and finally. However, there are a few realities that have to be taken into consideration.

One issue is the apparent belief (in fairly important circles) within China that in different historical periods, China was robbed of 5 million sq. km of territory. For Russians, the worst part of this historical lesson, as written in Chinese school textbooks, is that Russia is alleged to have seized these originally Chinese lands - Primoriye (Primorsky Krai) and Sakhalin Island - and in place of today's Russian cities of Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, and Blagoveshchensk there were Chinese cities (Haishenway, Boli, and Hailenbyao).


Russian-Chinese Military Cooperation: Can a Bear Trust a Dragon?

 

[faithfulguy]

^^^^ there is no doubt that Russia did helped China in the past. And Russia continue to work with China, especially China was suffering embargo from else where.

But China is catching up to Russia in the recent years. Its possible for China to surpass Russia and even European countries in the next 20 years. China will need to do this to present itself as an alternate pole to the US.

 

[NiceGuy]

^^^^ there is no doubt that Russia did helped China in the past. And Russia continue to work with China, especially China was suffering embargo from else where.

But China is catching up to Russia in the recent years. Its possible for China to surpass Russia and even European countries in the next 20 years. China will need to do this to present itself as an alternate pole to the US.

U cant surpass Russia simply bcz ur oil import must pass by VN EEZ where Russia navy will station there soon. If Russia feel threatened, she will just simply block ur oil trade route, then China economy will be shrunk and even collapse

Dont day dream too much, dude

 

[faithfulguy]

U cant surpass Russia simply bcz ur oil import must pass by VN EEZ where Russia navy will station there soon. If Russia feel threatened, she will just simply block ur oil trade route, then China economy will be shrunk and even collapse

Dont day dream too much, dude

Stop bringing Vietcong into it. I'm not talking about geo-strategy. I'm talking about technology development. China has the money and it would be able to copy and paste. In about 20 years, the Europeans and Russians would be all copied over. That would left US as the only country that has more advance technology than China. China in 10 years would have the most money and the most technologically advance country usually are the wealthiest. However, it would still be generations for China to catch up to US as US is way advance as compare to China. And all other countries are trying to "copy" US technological leadership and the one with the most money will copy faster.

 

[beijingwalker]

USSR helped setting up PRC in China,after that tried to maintain this state of their own creation,which caused immense subsequent suffering of the Chinese nation,cutting off China from embarking the path of developing the country's economy.China missed at least 3 decades of the best time to develop the country while other Asian neighbors took the opportunity to leave China behind.if USSR didn't play any role in China's civil war,China could be united peacefully and by now would have been the world's number one economy for decades already. by interfering China's internal affairs,Russia took Mongolia away from China and is the direct cause of China's division now we still have to face ,suffer and deal..Russia caused the immense territorial loss to China,and yes Mao's crazy policy cause a immeasurable damage but without Russia ,he couldn't be there to make all those happen.

Does India need that kind of help?setting up a Maoist government in India,creating and supporting an Indian Mao,taking a big chunk of your land away and making India experience what happened to the Chinese people during mid last century?

 

[beijingwalker]

Indians think PRC is China,that's wrong,PRC is a governemnt.its role in the Chinese history is still waiting to be assessed in the future.USSR helped PRC(the communist government),but caused great disasters to the Chinese nation.Chinese posters here are not representing this communist government,we are here representing the Chinese nation.