RBS-70 Air Defense, Sweden

[Super Falcon]

The RBS 70 short-range anti-aircraft missile is operational with the Swedish armed forces and has also been exported to 13 countries worldwide, including Australia, Argentina, Bahrain, Brazil, United Arab Emirates, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Norway, Pakistan, Singapore and Tunisia.

"The RBS 70 short-range anti-aircraft missile is operational with the Swedish armed forces."The RBS 70 system entered service in 1977 with the mk 1 missile. Current production model is the mk 2. The Bolide missile is a further development of the mk 2 with a new sustainer rocket motor, which increases missile speed and manoeuvrability. Bolide was ordered by Australia in 2003 with a follow-on order in April 2004.

In November 2004, RBS 70 was ordered by the Latvian Air Force. Deliveries are set for 2006-07.

Also in November 2004, a number of RBS 70 systems were handed over by Norway to Lithuania, free of charge. In December 2004, the Czech Republic placed an order for RBS 70 with the Bolide missile.

In January 2007, Finland placed an order for the RBS 70 missile system. Deliveries are scheduled to begin at the end of 2008.

The RBS 70 missile can be operated independently in stand-alone mode or can be configured with several firing units linked with a surveillance radar to form an anti-aircraft battery. The truck-mounted Giraffe land mobile radar developed by Ericsson (now Saab Microwave Systems) can be linked to nine RBS 70 firing posts, The firing posts, typically 4km apart, protect an area of 175km². The target data, including range, bearing and velocity is transmitted to each designated missile firing post.

RBS 70 MISSILE
The basic RBS 70 comprises the missile in a launch container, a tripod firing stand and an optical sight. It is operable by one, and portable by three persons.

"The RBS 70 anti-aircraft missile has a laser beam detector mounted at the back of the missile."The missile is equipped with a solid propellant booster motor developed by Bofors and a solid propellant sustainer motor by BAE Systems Land Systems (Royal Ordnance) and Imperial Metal Industries. When the operator fires the missile, the booster motor is ignited inside the launch tube and the missile is accelerated out of the tube. The control surfaces and the four fins open into position as the missile leaves the tube. The sustainer motor ignites after the missile has travelled a safe distance from the launch position. The booster is subsequently jettisoned.

RBS 70 NIGHT SIGHT
A Saab Vectronics (now FLIR Systems) close loop cooled COND (Clip-On Night Device) operating in the 8 micron to 12 micron infrared band gives the system day and night capability. COND has a 12 x 8° field of view.

Saab Bofors Dynamics has placed an order with FLIR Systems Inc for a new clip-on night sight for the RBS 70 called BORC. BORC is based on QWIP (Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector) thermal imaging technology.

OPERATION

The RBS 70 has laser beam riding guidance, riding a laser signal being beamed from its own launch station, rather than being guided from the front towards the reflected signal from a laser designated target.

A hostile target can be located visually by the missile operator or the target can be detected by a search radar. When the target is acquired, the operator tracks the target and the Raytheon Cossor IFF880 friend or foe system interrogates the target. If a friendly target is detected, a warning light in the sight is illuminated and the firing sequence is halted. The operator aims the missile towards the target, fires and tracks the target, aiming a laser guidance beam continuously at the target until the moment of impact.

"A hostile target can be located visually by the RBS 70 missile operator or the target can be detected by a search radar."The RBS 70 missile has a laser beam detector mounted at the back of the missile which detects the laser guidance beam. The outputs from the laser beam detectors in the tail of the missile are used by an onboard processor to generate the steering and course correction signals to the missile control fins. The missile's flight is gyroscopically stabilised.

The missile has no seeker head at the front of the missile and the laser beam riding system in the tail of the missile is extremely difficult to jam.

If the missile loses the laser beam or if no guidance signals are received after a predetermined period of time during missile flight the missile switches to self-destruct mode.

The missile is armed with a 1.1kg fragmented warhead fitted with a Saab Bofors laser proximity fuse and an impact fuse.

RBS 70 MK 1+ MISSILE
The RBS 70 mk 1+ missile was developed for the Swedish Army and is fitted with an enhanced capability laser seeker with an expanded field of view. A 30% increase in the engagement envelope results from the 57° field of view (compared to 40° in the mk 1 variant). Where a crossing target is being engaged, the wider field of view allows a wider angle between the missile flight path and the laser guidance beam.

RBS 70 MK 2
The mk 2 missile has a 100% increase in area coverage compared to the mk 1. The mk 2 version incorporates a smaller digital electronic control unit, a larger sustainer motor and a heavier warhead, providing an increased speed of 590m/s and range of 7km, with improved armour penetration characteristics.

The warhead is 50% heavier and incorporates fragmentation pellets and a shaped hollow charge for armour penetration against armoured helicopter targets.

BOLIDE

The Bolide missile is a development of the RBS 70 mk 2. It has a maximum speed of more than Mach 2, faster than the RBS70 which has a speed of Mach 1.6.

"The RSB 70 anti-aircraft missile is armed with a 1.1kg fragmented warhead."The Bolide missile design incorporates a number of new systems including a fibre-optic gyroscope, an adaptable proximity fuse which provides all-target capability and a high kill probability against small and dark targets, new sustainer rocket motor with an improved performance propellant and new electronics. The new sustainer rocket motor gives the missile a shorter time of flight and higher manoeuvrability than the RBS 70.

The new compact reprogrammable electronics suite installed in the missile allows the system to be easily upgraded with new software. The missile is primarily for air defence with a maximum intercept altitude at over 5,000m, but it can also be deployed against surface targets. It has a range of 250m to 8,000m


pakitan currently using this system

 

[Super Falcon]

Tunguska-M1 is a gun/missile system for low-level air defence. The system was designed by the KBP Instrument Design Bureau in Tula, Russia and is manufactured by the Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant, Ulyanovsk, Russia. It can engage targets while stationary and on the move, using missiles for long-range targets and guns for close-in defence. It is designed for defence against both fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters and can also fire on ground targets.

Tunguska entered service with the Russian army in 1988 and has been exported to Germany, India, Peru and Ukraine. Morocco ordered 12 Tunguska M1 systems in December 2004.

ARMAMENT

The Tunguska-M1 vehicle carries eight 9M311-M1 surface-to-air missiles. The missile (NATO designation SA-19 Grison) has semi-automatic radar command to line-of-sight guidance, weighs 40kg with a 9kg warhead. It is 2.5m long with a diameter of 1.7m and wingspan of 2.2m. The missile's maximum speed is 900m/s and can engage targets travelling at speeds up to 500m/s. Range is from 15 to 6,000m for ground targets and 15 to 10,000m for air targets.

Two twin-barrel 30mm anti-aircraft guns are mounted on the vehicle. These guns have a maximum firing rate of 5,000 rounds per minute and a range of 3,000m against air targets. This extends to 4,000m against ground targets.

FIRE CONTROL

The system has target acquisition radar and target tracking radar, optical sight, digital computing system, tilt angle measuring system and navigation equipment. Radar detection range is 18km and tracking range is 16km.

VEHICLE

The Tunguska-M1 system is mounted on a 34t tracked vehicle with multi-fuel engine. It has hydromechanical transmission, hydropneumatic suspension which allows for changing road clearance and hydraulic track-tensioning. The armoured turret has both laying and stabilisation drives and power supply. Air-conditioning, heating and filtration systems are fitted.

A Tunguska-M1 battery is composed of up to six vehicles and will also include a transloader as well as maintenance and training facilities.

The armoured turret has both laying and stabilisation drives and power supply. Air-conditioning, heating and filtration systems are fitted. A Tunguska-M1 battery is composed of up to six vehicles and will also include a transloader as well as maintenance and training facilities.

 

[Super Falcon]

The surface-launched Raytheon AMRAAM air defence system uses the AMRAAM fire-and-forget missile, a surveillance radar, a fire distribution centre and AMRAAM launchers.

"The SL-AMRAAM launcher mounts six AMRAAM missiles on a turreted HMMWV."In April 2001, the US Marine Corps awarded Raytheon a contract for the development of the Complementary Low-Altitude Weapon System (CLAWS).

In February 2004, the US Army Aviation and Missile Command awarded Raytheon a contract to develop SL-AMRAAM. In November 2005, approval was given for five SL-AMRAAM prototypes to be built and tested.

The US Joint System Program Office at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida manages the ground-launched AMRAAM common launcher program for the US Army and US Marine Corps. The AIM-120 AMRAAM missile is in full production at Raytheon's manufacturing facility in Tucson, Arizona.

Boeing delivered the first integrated fire control shelter in May 2006 and the system successfully completed critical design review in July 2006. System field testing of SLAMRAAM began in March 2008 with a successful acquisition and tracking test and is scheduled to complete in May 2009. Field integration testing was completed in July 2008 demonstrating interoperability with Patriot and Avenger systems. This included exchange of position and track data with Patriot units and provision of targeting data to Avenger units allowing precise slew-to-cue of the Avenger gun turret. SLAMRAAM is planned to gradually replace the Avenger air defence system in the US Army.

Raytheon is leading the team developing SL-AMRAAM. The Boeing Company is developing the SL-AMRAAM integrated fire control station at its Huntsville, Alabama, facility. The team also includes Kongsberg Defence and Aerospace of Norway.

SL-AMRAAM
The SL-AMRAAM launcher mounts six AMRAAM missiles on a turreted High-Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV). The launcher provides 360° coverage. The launcher is pointed towards its assigned sector or area of responsibility and the missile is launched towards the direction of the target. The launch angle can be up to 70° off the direction to the incoming target threat without reduction of intercept and kill probability.

In June 2007, Raytheon announced the development of additional capabilities for SL-AMRAAM: the SL-AMRAAM ER missile, which will have a range of about 40km, and the capacity to launch Raytheon AIM-9X Sidewinder missiles, which have a range of 10km.

The Boeing integrated fire control station provides Battle Management Command, Control, Computers, Communications and Intelligence (BMC4I). The IFCS uses data from air defence sensors including the Sentinel radar and the future Joint Land-Attack Cruise Missile Elevated Netted Sensor (JLENS).

"In trials the CLAWS system demonstrated intercept ranges of over 15km."The United States Army uses the Raytheon AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel Enhanced Target Range and Classification (ETRAC) radar to carry out the surveillance and target search, acquisition, identification and tracking functions. The electronically scanned 3D phased array radar uses range gate pulse Doppler operation at X band. Sentinel uses a high scan rate at 30rpm. The range is 75km.

JLENS consists of a large aerostat connected via tether to a ground-based processing station with a long-range surveillance radar and a fire control radar. It can operate at altitudes up to 15,000 ft to provide over-the-horizon surveillance for defence against cruise missiles. In November 2005, Raytheon was awarded a US Army contract for System Development and Demonstration (SDD), to be completed by 2011.

CLAWS (HUMRAAM)
The Missile Research, Development and Engineering Centre (MRDEC) of the US Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) developed the HUMRAAM (Project 559) medium-range mobile air defence system. The US Marine Corps named the system Complementary Low-Altitude Weapon System (CLAWS).

In trials conducted by the US Marine Corps Systems Command during 1997, the system successfully demonstrated intercept ranges of over 15km. In January 2005, CLAWS successfully completed a series of guided missile flight tests with the destruction of a surrogate cruise missile. The system completed operational testing with the USMC in November 2005 and is ready for fielding and Initial Operating Capability (IOC).

In September 2005, Raytheon was awarded a contract for the fifth and sixth CLAWS production systems. In August 2006, the USMC recommended the termination of the CLAWS programme as part of cuts to spending on air defence capabilities.

A CLAWS unit consists of a fire distribution centre with a fleet of up to eight launchers. The launch assembly is installed on an AM General M1097A2 4x4 HMMWV.

"A CLAWS unit consists of a fire distribution centre with a fleet of up to eight launchers."The launch vehicle is equipped with a remote terminal unit with voice and data communications. The launch assemblies are locked in travel position while the vehicle is on the move.

When the vehicle reaches a selected launch position, the launch assembly is unlocked from the travel position and raised to an angle of about 30° elevation.

The crew vacate the vehicle and relocate to a firing position up to 50m away and use a remote control unit to make any adjustments to the elevation angle and to initiate the firing sequence.

Surveillance radar
The US Army uses the Raytheon AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel radar to carry out the surveillance and target search, acquisition, identification and tracking functions. The electronically scanned phased array radar uses range gate pulse doppler operation at X-band. Sentinel uses a high scan rate of 30rpm. The range is 75km.

Fire distribution centre

The fire distribution centre, mounted on a high mobility vehicle such as the AM General 4x4 HMMWV, provides tactical operational control including target detection, identification, threat prioritising, engagement and kill assessment.

NASAMS (Norwegian advance SAM system)
NASAMS was developed by Hughes (now Raytheon) and Norsk Forsvarteknologia (now Kongsberg Defence). The first production contract for NASAMS was placed in 1994 by the Royal Norwegian Air Force and the system entered service in 1995. It is also in service with the Spanish and US Armies.

The NASAMS firing platoon or unit is operated by 22 soldiers and includes a fire direction centre, a Raytheon TPQ-36A three-dimensional radar and three transportable missile launchers.

"The NASAMS firing platoon or unit is operated by 22 soldiers."The NASAMS launcher is unmanned and is mounted on a transportable pallet with four jack type stabilisers. The launcher is carried on a Norsk Scania Vabis P133H truck.

A hydraulic crane on the truck is used to position the launcher at a selected launch site.

Data from the fire direction centre is downloaded to the launcher by fibre optic cable, land line or by digital radio. The NASAMS launcher has six ready to fire AMRAAM missiles.

In August 2005, Kongsberg was awarded a contract from the Norwegian Air Force to supply a Link 16 tactical datalink for NASAMS, which allows the system to be fully integrated with NATO network-based defence systems. The upgraded system, NASAMS II entered service with the Norwegian Air Force in July 2007.

In December 2006, the Dutch Army placed a contract with Kongsberg for six NASAMS II systems. The systems will be used with the EADS TRML-3D mobile surveillance radar. Deliveries are to begin in 2009.

AMRAAM (advanced medium-range air-to-air missile)
The AMRAAM, AIM-120, was developed and is best known as an air-launched fire and forget missile deployed on the F-15, F-16, F/A-18, F-22, F-4F, Sea Harrier, Harrier II Plus, Eurofighter, JAS-39 Gripen, JA-37 Viggen and the Tornado.

The high velocity AIM-120 missile is manufactured in two variants. The AIM-120B is field programmable and the AIM-120C is fitted with smaller control surfaces than the A or B variants, has longer range and has very high agility to counter targets making evasive manoeuvres. The missile travels at Mach 4.

The missile is fitted with an ATK WPU-6B booster and sustainer rocket motor which uses RS HTPB solid propellant fuel. The low smoke motor reduces the probability of detection of launch or flight of the missile.

"The system can include the Sentinel radar and the HAWK AN/MPQ-61 high power illuminator."The missile is equipped with a Northrop strap-down inertial reference unit and uses inertial and command / inertial guidance. A data link antenna is located in the tail of the missile to receive mid-course guidance data.

A terminal active radar homing seeker operating at X-band is installed in the nose. The 23kg high explosive warhead designed by Chamberlain is fitted with a smart RF proximity fuse.

Hawk-AMRAAM air defence system
Raytheon and Kongsberg Defence have jointly developed the HAWK-AMRAAM air defence system, which combines the capabilities of HAWK and AMRAAM missiles within a distributed architecture. The missiles are mounted on universal launchers, and a fire distribution centre controls target detection, identification, threat ordering, engagement, and kill assessment, as well as short-range air defence cueing.

The system can include the Sentinel radar and the HAWK AN/MPQ-61 high power illuminator for target tracking and illumination, although it is possible to hook up any number of radars and missile systems to the fire distribution centre.


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The CLAWS (HUMRAAM) launcher for the surface-launched AMRAAM air defence missile.

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The Norwegian Advanced SAM System (NASAMS). The NASAMS launcher has six ready to fire AMRAAM missiles.

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The Raytheon AMRAAM AIM-120C missile is fitted with clipped fins and has longer range and has very high agility to counter targets making evasive manoeuvres.

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Surface-launched AMRAAM is cued by the Raytheon AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel radar.

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Raytheon and Kongsberg have produced HAWK-AMRAAM which features HAWK and AMRAAM missiles on universal launchers.

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The AIM-120 AMRAAM missile fired from an F-16 aircraft.

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The AIM-120A/B AMRAAM missile.

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The combined capabilities of the two missile systems allow HAWK-AMRAAM to provide more extensive air defence coverage and higher firepower.

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i hope we can get this too

 

[Super Falcon]

Starstreak is a close-range anti-air guided weapon system for defence against helicopters and high-speed ground attack aircraft. The system is produced by Thales Air Defence Ltd (TADL), formerly Shorts Missile Systems, of Belfast, Northern Ireland.

"Starstreak is a close-range anti-air guided weapon system for defence against helicopters and high-speed ground attack aircraft."The Starstreak Self-Propelled High-Velocity Missile (SP HVM) system has been in service with the British Army since 1997, the Lightweight Multiple Launcher (LML) and shoulder-launched versions since September 2000.

The original order of 135 systems has been completed and a five-year production contract was awarded to Shorts in December 1999. A follow-on contract with deliveries starting in 2007 was awarded in July 2004.

Deployment is with the 12th regiment in three batteries of 36 systems. Starstreak received export clearance for the UK Ministry of Defence in September 1999.

In July 2004, the UK MoD announced that the number of Starstreak HVM units in the British Army was to be reduced from 156 to 84 fire units.

In December 2002, the South African Army ordered eight Starstreak lightweight multiple launchers. The systems will be supplied by Kentron. The order forms the first phase of South Africa's ground-based air defence local warning segment. The systems are supported by two Thales Page radars. The launchers were delivered in October 2005. The South African Army began missile firing trials in October 2007, prior to entry into service which is scheduled for 2009.

In July 2001, TADL received a contract for a SIFF (Successor Identification Friend or Foe) system for the Starstreak HVM. Thales Communications of France is the main subcontractor.

A new air defence command and control system, ADC4I, is to be developed for the UK Ministry of Defence Ground-Based Air Defence (GBAD) programme Phase I. The system will integrate Starstreak and the Rapier FSC air defence missile system to provide a network enabled capability. Phase two will involve the upgrading of the missile systems. MBDA and EADS Defence & Communications were awarded the contract for the assessment phase of the programme in December 2003.

In September 2007, Thales announced the development of Starstreak II, which has a range extended to more than 7km, as well as increased coverage and altitude and improved precision guidance.

Thales is also developing the Multi-Mission System (MMS), which is a lightweight vehicle-mounted turret system, which can be equipped with the Starstreak and/or other missiles including anti-armour missiles or rocket systems. The system has automatic target tracking and can be integrated into a network-enabled force structure.

The Starstreak II system was successfully demonstrated to the UK MoD in March 2008. The upgraded launcher and missile is planned to enter service at the end of 2010.

MISSILE

The missile consists of a two-stage solid propellant rocket motor, a separation system and three high-density darts. A pulse of power from the missile firing unit causes the first-stage motor to ignite, which accelerates the missile.

"The Starstreak defence missile consists of a two-stage solid propellant rocket motor, a separation system and three high-density darts."Canted nozzles on the missile cause it to roll. The centrifugal force of the roll causes the fins to unfold for aerodynamic stability in flight. Once clear of the canister, the motor is jettisoned. The second-stage motor ignites and accelerates the missile to a velocity greater than Mach 4. A separation system at the front end of the motor contains three darts.

When the second stage motor is burnt out, the thrust triggers the three darts to automatically separate. The darts maintain a high kinetic energy as they are guided to the same single target. Each dart contains guidance and control circuitry, a thermal battery, and a high-density penetrating warhead with fuse.

The separation of the darts initiates the arming of the individual warheads. Each dart is guided independently using a double laser beam riding system. As the dart impacts the target, the inertial forces activate the delay fuse, allowing the warhead to penetrate before detonation.

STARSTREAK SP HVM
The Starstreak SP HVM is mounted on a tracked BAE Systems Land Systems (formerly Alvis) Stormer vehicle. The system has eight rounds of Starstreak missiles ready to fire, with a further 12 missiles carried.

SP HVM is fitted with a roof-mounted Air Defence Alerting Device (ADAD), supplied by Thales (formerly Pilkington) Optronics. ADAD's infrared scanner and processor provide target detection and prioritisation and the system automatically slews the weapon sight onto the target. The use of ADAD requires that the vehicle be, briefly, stationary.

A panoramic weapon sight is supplied by Avimo (now part of Thales) and is located at the front right of the vehicle. Thales Optronics has been awarded a contract to supply a new thermal sighting system for the British Army SP HVM. The system is based on STAIRS C (Sensor Technology Affordable Infrared Systems) technology, developed by Thales Optronics and the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA), now called QinetiQ.

ATASK, AIR-TO-AIR STARSTREAK
ATASK, an airborne variant of Starstreak, provides an air-to-air capability for attack helicopters. ATASK has been tested for the United States Army on the Apache attack helicopter.

The first phase of the programme involved the launch of six Starstreak missiles from an Apache helicopter at the Yuma Proving Ground in Arizona. In November 1998, ATASK successfully hit targets during the airborne firing tests. During the second phase, the laser beam guidance system of Starstreak was integrated with the Target Acquisition Sight (TADS) and fire control system of the Apache.

"The Starstreak self-propelled high-velocity missile is mounted on a tracked BAE Systems Land Systems Stormer vehicle."SHOULDER LAUNCHED STARSTREAK
The portable shoulder-launched Starstreak is assembled and ready to fire in a few seconds. Preparation for firing involves clipping an aiming unit onto the missile canister.

The aiming unit includes an optical head consisting of a stabilisation system, an aiming mark injector and a monocular sight. The target is acquired and optically tracked using the monocular sight and aiming mark.

LIGHTWEIGHT MULTIPLE LAUNCHER
The Lightweight Multiple Launcher (LML), in service with the UK Army, is integrated with Thales Air Defence ASPIC automatic fire unit and can be carried on any light wheeled vehicle such as a Land Rover or HMMWV.

The Multiple Launcher employs three canistered missiles together with clip-on equipment and a standard aiming unit. Three targets can be engaged in quick succession without the need for reloading

 

[Super Falcon]

The Saab Bofors Dynamics Bamse all-weather, all-target, air defence missile system is deployed to protect fixed and mobile assets. It can be used against a range of threats including fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft, unmanned aircraft, stand-off missiles, cruise and anti-radiation missiles and guided bombs.

"The Saab Bofors Dynamics Bamse is all-weather, all-target, air defence missile system deployed to protect fixed and mobile assets."Bamse is effective against very small and very fast targets such as air-to-surface attack missiles. The system has all-weather capability and a target range that exceeds the stand-off distance of electro-optically controlled weapons. The system provides a target range over 15km and coverage to an altitude up to 15,000m.

Bofors (later to become Saab Bofors) and Ericsson (now Saab) Microwave Systems completed the project definition phase in 1991 and the engineering development program began in 1992.

In 1993 the Swedish Government placed a contract on the then Bofors Missiles and Ericsson to carry out the full-scale development of the Bamse system.

The Bamse system has successfully completed a series of performance trials carried out by the Swedish Defence Forces, Forsvarets Materielverk (FMV, the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration) and the FOA Research Institute of the Swedish National Defence (FOA).

In 2000, the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration awarded Saab a production contract for the system. BAMSE demonstrator system entered service with the Swedish armed forces in 2005.

In May 2008, the first production system was delivered and the Swedish Armed Forces announced that operational units would begin formation before the end of 2008.

Bamse firing battery
The Bamse firing battery includes a surveillance coordination centre and three missile control centres. The missile control centres are towed to position by a cross-country vehicle, which also carries a store of missiles for reloading.

The system can be deployed and prepared for firing in less than ten minutes.

Surveillance control centre
The surveillance control centre is installed in a truck-mounted 20ft standard container, which is armoured to provide protection against fragmentation and against nuclear, biological and chemical warfare environments.

The surveillance control centre is equipped with the Ericsson Microwave Systems Giraffe AMB (Agile Multi-Beam) 3D surveillance radar with a 12m-high mast which operates at C-band (5.40GHz to 5.90GHz).

"The Bamse firing battery includes a surveillance coordination centre and three missile control centres."The Giraffe AMB uses a 'stacked beam' antenna arrangement, with one wide beam for transmission and multiple narrow beams for simultaneous reception. This provides a target update rate of one per second, with an elevation coverage of more than 70°. The IFF transmit and receive units are mounted on the radar antenna.

The surveillance control centre, operated by a crew of one or two, carries out real-time threat evaluation and combat coordination with target acquisition, identification, tracking and prioritisation.

The surveillance control centre automatically selects the optimum missile control centre to engage the target and hands over the target data.

One surveillance coordination centre can coordinate up to four missile control centres. The distance between the surveillance control centre and the missile control centres is typically 10km and between missile control centres, 20km.

Both the missile control centre and the surveillance coordination centre are equipped with embedded simulators allowing training and mission planning using a large library of simulation scenarios.

Missile control centre
The missile launcher with six ready-to-fire missiles is installed on the roof of the missile control centre. The centre, which is fragment-protected and nuclear, biological and chemical warfare (NBC) protected, houses two computer stations and is operated by one or two crew.

The missile control centres are linked by cable or by radio data communications to the surveillance control centre. The radio data link has a maximum range of 15km. For the Swedish Armed Forces the BAMSE uses the TS 9000 tactical radio net.

The missile control centre initiates the target engagement sequence either autonomously or on receipt of a signal from the surveillance control centre.

The missile control centre is equipped with a variant of the K-band 34GHz to 35GHz Eagle fire control radar developed by Ericsson, a suite of weather sensors, an information friend or foe interrogator and a thermal imager.

"Bamse is effective against very small and very fast targets such as air-to-surface attack missiles."The sensors are mounted on a mast that can be raised to 8m in height. The elevation arm of the mast is installed between the missile launch tubes to protect the radar against obstacles while the vehicle is in transit.

The ability of the sensors to look over obstacles near the deployment site gives the missile control centre improved capability to acquire and track low flying hostile targets. After firing the launcher is reloaded in under four minutes.

The missile control centre is also used to carry out threat evaluation and engagement planning.

Missile

The radar command-to-line-of-sight (CLOS) missile uses solid propellant booster and sustainer rocket motors which give the missile high acceleration and high maintained velocity. Nammo supplies the sustainer rocket motor and components for the booster motor. The missile has a range of more than 15km and covers altitudes to 15,000m.

The missile has high manoeuvrability, even at the outer range limit. The fragmentation and shaped charge warhead is equipped with a proximity fuse and an impact fuse


if we get this than su 33 gonna be kept on ground from IAF

 

[Super Falcon]

The LeFlaSys light mechanised SHORAD (short-range air defence system) has been developed for the German Army by STN ATLAS Elektronik GmbH (now Rheinmetall Defence Electronics) in Bremen and Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW) in Kassel, Germany.

"LeFlaSys is a light mechanised short-range air defence system."The export version is known as ASRAD (atlas short-range air defence system). It is based on the Wiesel 2 carrier vehicle, which was developed by Rheinmetall Landsysteme (formerly MaK).

The system provides protection for vital assets such as command, control communications and information centres (C3I centres), airfields and troops on the move, or in the battlefield against the threat of low-level flying fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft.

An army platoon would be equipped with a LeFlaSys air defence platoon command post and typically between five and eight Ozelot air defence weapon platforms. The LeFlaSys system is expected to fulfil the short-range air defence requirements of the rapid reaction forces of the German Army. Series production of 50 weapon platforms, ten platoon command post vehicles and seven AFF battery command vehicles began in 2000. The German Army received its first platoon of the LeFlaSys air defence system in June 2001 and deliveries were completed by the end of 2004.

The Hellenic Army of Greece placed an order for 54 ASRAD systems armed with Stinger missiles in October 2000. The first was delivered in October 2004. Deliveries completed in 2006. The systems are mounted on HMMWV vehicles, modified by ELBO/AMG of Greece.

ASRAD-R
Rheinmetall Defence Electronics, in conjunction with Saab Bofors Dynamics, have developed ASRAD-R which is based on the Saab Bofors Bolide missile and the Saab (formerly Ericsson) Microwave Systems HARD 3D search radar. The Bolide laser-guided surface-to-air missile has been developed from the RBS 70 and has a maximum range of 8km and altitude coverage of up to 5,000m.

In August 2002, Finland placed the first order for 16 ASRAD-R systems, which are mounted on containers transported by Mercedes-Benz UNIMOG 5000 vehicles. First deliveries were in 2004 and were completed in June 2008.

In February 2007, Rheinmetall and Saab Bofors announced the development of a navalised version of ASRAD-R. The naval variant has four Bolide missiles mounted on a pedestal with sensors including infrared, CCD TV and eyesafe laser rangefinder.

Ozelot weapon system
The Ozelot weapon system is built on the Wiesel 2 small armoured tracked vehicle. The Ozelot carries four ready-to-fire Stinger surface-to-air missiles but can also be armed with Igla, Mistral, RBS 70 mk2 or Starburst missiles.

"The export version LeFlaSys is known as ASRAD."Ozelot is air transportable in a CH-53 helicopter.

The main components of the weapon platform are: pedestal with azimuth and elevation; drive and combined sensor and system electronics including the missile interface; electronics; multipurpose launcher; pedestal electronics systems; control and display unit.

Fire control
The HARD 3D search and acquisition radar is installed on the platoon command post. HARD, supplied by Saab (formerly Ericsson) Microwave Systems, operates in the X band and has a range 20km. HARD has a MTI (moving target indicator) mode for fixed-wing targets, helicopter mode for helicopter detection and analysis and a non-MTI mode for increased sensitivity and detection of tangential targets. Data processing allows automatic track initiation on both targets and jammers. The radar uses a complex search beam pattern with multiple tracking beams in the target direction.

Target acquisition is achieved, either by the HARD radar, which downloads target data via radio data link to the Ozelot weapon platform, or by the Thales (formerly Pilkington) Optronics ADAD passive infrared search and track system (IRST), mounted on the forward part of the roof.

For target tracking, the Ozelot is equipped with its own stabilised forward-looking infrared (FLIR) sensor, TV and laser rangefinder as well as dual mode autotracking. The system is capable of automatic range and envelope determination and fire control and second shot capability on the same approaching target. Remote control at up to 100m is possible using the same control and display unit.

In addition to the weapon pedestal, there is a navigation system with a global positioning system (GPS), inertial navigation system and north-finding gyroscope, and the C31 interface via VHF-radio for data and voice transmission.

Platoon command post
The purpose of the platoon command post is to carry out target acquisition for between five and eight LeFlaSys Ozelot weapon platforms at a range of approximately 20km. Target data is transmitted via a radio data link to the weapon platforms in the platoon and also to other platoons. Evaluation of target data received from other sensors including allied forces, threat analysis and identification friend or foe (IFF) is carried out in the platoon command post.

The platoon command post vehicle is equipped with a Saab HARD 3D X-band radar for target acquisition and for tracking in track-while-scan mode.

"The Ozelot weapon platform is built on the Wiesel 2 small armoured tracked vehicle."The range of the radar is 20km. The radar uses Kalman filtering and moving target indication (MTI). The IFF MSR 200 XE identification friend or foe (IFF) is integrated into the radar system.

The platoon command post is also based on the Wiesel 2 vehicle. The platoon leader's station and the radar operator's station are equipped with control and display units with flat panel displays for air picture data and command and control data. The command post uses advanced 64-bit computer technology for C3 air picture data processing, threat analysis and built-in test.

Communication links are based on VHF radios, SEM 93 and SEM 80/90 supplied by Alcatel SEL AG of Stuttgart, for voice and data transmission.

The system's navigation suite includes a Rockwell Collins PLGR AN-PSN11 global positioning system and a Talin navigation system from Honeywell.

 

[Super Falcon]

The Spada 2000 is an all-weather, day and night, highly automated, air defence system developed by MBDA (formerly Alenia Marconi Systems). The system has quick reaction time and requires very few operators to man the system. The unit can operate independently or can be integrated with national air defence centres. Spada 2000 is in production and in service with Spanish Air Forces.

The Spada 2000 is an upgraded version of the Spada air defence system providing significant operational and technological improvements, including increased firepower and range, and the capability of coordinating additional anti-air weapons.

"The Spada 2000 is an all-weather, day and night, highly automated, advanced air defence system."In March 2007, Kuwait ordered the upgrade of its Aspide missile systems to Aspide 2000 / Spada 2000 configuration.

The system provides air defence missile coverage of 2,000km². Target detection and tracking range is up to 60km and the missiles can intercept crossing and approaching targets to a range of 25km. The kill probability is high, even against highly agile crossing targets. The system can engage up to four targets simultaneously with Aspide missiles.

CONFIGURATION

Spada 2000 is modularised and integrated into sheltered units, which provides a high tactical and strategic mobility. The system consists of a detection centre and either two or four firing sections, each section equipped with two missile launchers. Each missile launcher has six ready to fire Aspide 2000 missiles.

DETECTION CENTRE
The detection centre contains mission planning capability allowing fast and precise effective deployment of the weapons. The centre is fitted in a hardened shelter with an RAC-3D radar installed on a hydraulically operated mast on the roof of the shelter. The shelter houses the system's operating centre, including the voice and data communications suite.

Auxiliary equipment in the centre includes a global positioning system, a north finder, air conditioning and power supplies.

RAC-3D RADAR
Aspide 2000's radar is the Selex Sistemi Integrati (formerly Alenia Marconi Systems) RAC-3D, which gives three-dimensional volumetric air surveillance, detection and tracking. The system has the capacity to track 100 targets simultaneously within a range of 60km.

The radar is capable of operating in hostile electronic warfare environments and is robust against clutter interference and electronic countermeasures. The radar features emission control, jamming location, random frequency agility and coded waveforms. The radar's erectable antenna is up to 13m in height.

OPERATIONS CENTRE
The operations centre is manned by two operators for mission planning, system deployment and management during combat operations. The computer displays the air threat data in 3D coordinates.

The system tracks, identifies and prioritises the targets and assigns the firing sections to the priority targets. The targets can also be assigned to other anti-air weapon systems. The system is able to coordinate up to ten small anti-air weapons deployed within a 10km radius.

The operations centre can be connected to a remote upper level air defence command centre.

"Spada 2000 is modularised and integrated into sheltered units, which provides a high tactical and strategic mobility."FIRING SECTION
The firing section consists of the tracking and illumination radar, the control unit and the missile launchers each with six ready-to-fire missiles. The radar carries out target acquisition, tracking and illumination functions for missile guidance.

The control unit is managed by a single operator. The unit controls all the functions from target designation to missile launch and target intercept and operates in manual or automatic mode.

COMMUNICATIONS

The communications suite includes the data links between the detection centre and the firing sections and also internal and external secure voice communications.

MISSILE

The Aspide 2000 missile is an upgraded version of the Aspide surface-to-air missile. The missile is capable of engaging hostile attack aircraft before the aircraft can release airborne standoff weapons. The Aspide 2000 is also capable of intercepting air-launched missiles once launched. The upgraded missile uses an enhanced single-stage rocket motor which provides increased missile speed, higher lateral acceleration and effective range.

The missile is also in service with the Italian Air Force and the Royal Thai Air Force as part of the Oerlikon Contraves Skyguard air defence system.

The high-thrust single-stage solid-propellant rocket motor provides high supersonic speed and high agility to intercept manoeuvring targets. The guidance system is semi-active radar homing.


curently our millitry gonna get some of these too negotiation are in process of getting this

 

[Super Falcon]

Rafael Armament Development Authority, the MBT Missile Division and Elta Radar Division of Israel Aircraft Industries have announced the SPYDER surface-to-air PYthon 5 and DERby Air Defence Missile System. Rafael is the prime contractor and IAI the major subcontractor for the SPYDER program.

"The SPYDER system is a low-level quick-reaction surface-to-air missile system."Three SPYDER-SR (short-range) systems have been sold to an undisclosed country. The system was displayed for the first time at the Paris Air Show 2005 in Le Bourget. Company firing tests of the system are currently underway.

In June 2006, SPYDER was selected by the Indian Army. The procurement was finally approved by the approved by the Indian Defence Acquisitions Council in July 2008 and a contract is expected by the end of 2008. 18 systems are required.

SPYDER is a low-level quick-reaction surface-to-air missile system capable of engaging aircraft, helicopters, unmanned air vehicles, drones and precision-guided munitions. It provides air defence for fixed assets and for point and area defence for mobile forces in combat areas.

The SPYDER-SR system has 360° engagement capability and the missiles can be launched from the full-readiness state in less than five seconds from target confirmation. The kill range is from less than 1km to more than 15km and at altitudes from a minimum of 20m to a maximum of 9,000m. The system is capable of multi-target simultaneous engagement and also single, multiple and ripple firing, by day and night and in all weathers.

Rafael is developing a medium-range version, SPYDER-MR, which has a range over 35km at altitudes from 20m to 16km. SPYDER-MR carries eight missiles while SPYDER-SR has four. SPYDER-MR also has a new IAI/Elta MF-STAR surveillance radar.

SPYDER system components
The main components of the SPYDER system are the truck-mounted command and control unit, the missile firing unit with Python 5 and Derby missiles, a field service vehicle and missile supply vehicle.

The vehicles are air-conditioned and also provide protection against biological and chemical warfare (BCW). The system is based on a modular design and system maintenance in the field is through very quick module replacement.

Modes of operation - Python 5 and Derby missile launcher
The system can launch missiles in two modes of operation: lock on before launch (LOBL) and lock on after launch (LOAL). The slant launching method, unlike vertical launch, allows LOBL so the missile's on-board seeker is locked on to the target before launch. The LOBL mode allows the Squadron Commander to confirm the missile is locked on to the designated target prior to launch, gives high kill probability against short-range high-manoeuvring targets and enables the engagement of designated targets by add-on optical sensors.

"SPYDER provides air defence for fixed assets and for point and area defence for mobile forces in combat areas."A typical SPYDER squadron consists of one mobile command and control unit (CCU) and four mobile firing units (MFU).

The CCU and MFUs each have their own built-in power supplies. The system features an automated computer, assisting the operators in the successful completion of hostile target interceptions in intense battlefield environments. The mobile CCU is equipped with a surveillance radar and two operator stations. There is a radio datalink between the CCU and the four MFUs.

The CCU combines data from the local surveillance radar and from upper tier command and control centres up to 100km away. There is also provision for receiving air situation pictures from other datalinks.

The air situation picture (ASP) is displayed at the operator's workstation in the command centre. When the operator decides to launch, an automatic procedure is initiated. The CCU assigns the target to the appropriate launch unit.

If the target is within acquisition range the missile is launched in LOBL mode. If the target is beyond seeker acquisition range the missile is launched in LOAL mode. The seeker searches for the target and switches to homing phase when the target is acquired.

Both the Derby and the Python 5 missiles can operate in LOBL and LOAL modes. The target is destroyed by the warhead blasting on impact or by proximity fuse.

Truck-mounted command and control unit
The command and control unit is housed in a truck-mounted shelter with a mounted radar, information friend or foe (IFF) interrogator and communication equipment. The VHF/UHF interference-free communication system is for internal squadron communication and to upper tier command.

Elta EL/M 2106 ATAR 3D surveillance radar
The Elta EL/M 2106 ATAR 3D surveillance radar can simultaneously track up to 60 targets. The radar has 360° operation and all-weather day and night capability. The radar includes advanced electronic counter countermeasures (ECCM) for operation in dense hostile electronic warfare environments.

"A typical SPYDER squadron consists of one mobile command and control unit (CCU) and four mobile firing units (MFU)."Truck-mounted missile launcher
SPYDER uses a truck-mounted missile firing unit which is equipped with a communications system and fitted with a 360° rotatable, electro-mechanically operated, turret-based launch unit. The SPYDER-SR launch unit carries any combination of four Python 5 or Derby missiles.

Python 5 missile
The Python 5 missile is Rafael's new very high agility dogfight air-to-air missile. Python 5 is a development of the Python 4 with a dual-band focal plane array and imaging infrared (IIR) seeker which gives a very wide field of view.

Python 5 retains the same airframe - with pitch and yaw control, delta-shaped canards and two roll control swept fins and the same rocket motor, warhead and fuse - as the Python 4 missile. The wide field of view allows LOAL at an angle of more than 100° off boresight. The dual-band seeker gives increased detection range, improved target discrimination against background clutter and a lower false target acquisition rate.

In LOAL mode, the target data is transferred from the command and control unit via the launcher to the missile. The missile's guidance and control systems are active for a three times longer period than for the earlier Python, enabling the missile to counter targets making evasive manoeuvres. The high explosive fragmentation warhead is fitted with an active laser proximity fuse.

Derby missile
The Derby missile is a medium-range, active radar-guided missile originally developed for the air-to-air role. The air defence missile has all-weather and beyond visual range capability.

Derby has a similar body design to the Python missile. An active RF radar / infrared seeker, developed by IAI, is installed in the nose of the missile. The missile incorporates an advanced programmable ECCM system. Derby operates in LOBL mode for short-range target engagement and LOAL mode for medium-range engagements.

 

[Super Falcon]

The THAAD (theatre high-altitude area defence) missile system is an easily transportable defensive weapon system to protect against hostile incoming threats such as tactical and theatre ballistic missiles at ranges of 200km and at altitudes up to 150km.

The THAAD system provides the upper tier of a 'layered defensive shield' to protect high value strategic or tactical sites such as airfields or populations centres. The THAAD missile intercepts exo-atmospheric and endo-atmospheric threats.

"The target object data and the predicted intercept point are downloaded to the missile prior to launch."The sites would also be protected with lower and medium-tier defensive shield systems such as the Patriot PAC-3 which intercepts hostile incoming missiles at 20 to 100 times lower altitudes.

THAAD programme
The US Army is expected to acquire 80 to 99 THAAD launchers, 18 ground-based radars and a total of 1,422 THAAD missiles. Two THAAD battalions are planned, each with four batteries.

In 1992 Lockheed Martin Missiles and Space and other industrial team partners were awarded a $689m contract to develop the THAAD system. Raytheon was selected as sub-contractor to develop the ground-based radar. Raytheon is responsible for the solid-state receiver / transmitter modules. TRW is responsible for software development. The other main contractors are Raytheon for the traveling wave tubes, Datatape for the data recorders and EBCO for radar turrets.

The THAAD programme entered the engineering and manufacturing development (EMD) phase in 2000. In May 2004, production of 16 flight test missiles began at Lockheed Martin's new production facilities in Pike County, Alabama.

Flight testing, at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, of the EMD system began in 2005. The first flight test of the entire system including missile, launcher, radar and fire control system took place in May 2006. Flight testing began at Pacific Missile Range, Kauai, Hawaii in January 2007 with a successful intercept test in the high endo-atmosphere.

A second successful test took place in April 2007 with intercept in the mid endo-atmosphere. The final White Sands test took place in June 2007, with a low endo-atmosphere test. In October 2007, THAAD performed a successful intercept of a unitary target outside the atmosphere (exo-atmospheric). In June 2008, THAAD successfully intercepted a separating target in mid-endo-atmosphere. Tests will continue at PMR till 2009.

In January 2007, Lockheed Martin was awarded a contract for the first two production THAAD systems, to include six launchers, 48 missiles, two radars and two tactical operations centers. Initial operating capability (IOC) is expected in 2009.

In May 2008, the US Army activated the first THAAD battery unit at Fort Bliss, Texas, which will receive 24 missiles, three launchers, one fire control and one radar unit for initial fielding. This is in preparation for full system fielding in 2009.

In August 2007, Lockheed Martin announced that THAAD launcher, fire control and communications units will be built at its Camden, Arkansas facility. The THAAD interceptor is built at its Pike County facility in Troy, Alabama.

Battery
The THAAD battery will typically operate nine launch vehicles each carrying eight missiles, with two mobile tactical operations centres (TOCs) and a ground-based radar (GBR).

THAAD missile information
The target object data and the predicted intercept point are downloaded to the missile prior to launch. The updated target and intercept data are also transmitted to the missile in flight.

The missile is 6.17m in length and is equipped with a single stage solid fuel rocket motor with thrust vectoring. The rocket motor is supplied by Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne. The launch weight is 900kg.

"The THAAD (theatre high-altitude area defence) missile system is an easily transportable defensive weapon."A separation motor is installed at the interstage at the forward end of the booster section. The separation motor assists in the separation of the kinetic kill vehicle (KKV) and the spent boost motor.

The shroud separates from the KV before impact. The KV is equipped with a liquid-fuelled divert and attitude control system (DACS), developed by Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne, for the terminal maneuvering towards the target intercept point.

A gimbal-mounted infrared seeker module in the nose section provides terminal homing to close in on the target missile in the terminal phase of approach.

During the initial fly-out phase of flight, the seeker window is covered with a two-piece clamshell protection shroud. Metal bladders installed in the shroud are inflated to eject the protective shroud before the seeker initiates target acquisition. The infrared seeker head, developed by BAe Systems, is an indium antimonide (InSb) staring focal plane array operating in the mid infrared 3 to 5 micron wavelength band.

M1075 truck-mounted launcher
There are nine M1075 truck mounted launchers in a typical THAAD battery. Launch vehicle is a modified Oshkosh Truck Corporation heavy expanded mobility tactical truck with load-handling system (HEMTT-LHS). The 12m-long by 3.25m-wide launch vehicle carries ten missile launch containers. While on the launcher, lead acid batteries provide the primary power. The batteries are recharged with a low-noise generator.

After firing, reloading the launch vehicle takes 30 minutes.

Ground-based radar
The cueing for the THAAD system is provided by the Raytheon Systems AN/TPY-2 ground-based radar (GBR) for surveillance, threat classification and threat identification. THAAD can also be cued by military surveillance satellites such as Brilliant Eyes.

The ground based radar units are C-130 air transportable. The AN/TPY-2 radar uses a 9.2m² aperture full field of view antenna phased array operating at I and J bands (X band) and containing 25,344 solid-state microwave transmit and receive modules. The radar has the capability to acquire missile threats at ranges up to 1,000km.

The first production radar is being tested at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. In September 2004, the THAAD radar tracked a tactical ballistic missile, cueing a successful intercept by a Patriot PAC-3 missile. A second radar was delivered to White Sands in June 2007.

Tactical operations centre

Each THAAD battery has two tactical operations centres (TOC). The TOC has been developed by Northrop Grumman, formerly Litton Data Systems Division. The TOC accommodates two operator stations and is equipped with three Hewlett-Packard HP-735 data processors.

"The THAAD missile uses kinetic energy, hit-to-kill technology."Mobile BMC3I units
The THAAD system is able to 'hand over' targets to other defence systems and can cue the targets to other weapons. THAAD is able to interface to other US or allied air defence data information networks and to the battle management and command control and communications centre.

Northrop Grumman has been contracted to develop the THAAD BMC3I. The battle management and command, control, computers and intelligence (BMC3I) units are installed in hardened shelters mounted on high-mobility multi-wheeled vehicles (HMMWVs).

The THAAD communications system can use JTIDS, mobile subscriber equipment, SINCGARS and the joint tactical terminal for voice and data communications and for intelligence data transfer.

 

[Super Falcon]

Crotale NG (Next Generation) is an all-weather short-range air defence system developed by Thales Air Defense (formerly Thomson-CSF Airsys) based at Bagneux in France.

The missions of the system are in front-line armoured brigade defence, permanent or semi-permanent site defence and area defence against air threats, such as fixed-wing aircraft, attack helicopters, cruise missiles, tactical missiles and saturation attacks with stand-off weapons released from aircraft and helicopters.

The Crotale NG system provides air situation and threat assessment, extended detection range, identification friend or foe (IFF), multi-target detection plus automated acquisition, tracking and engagement and all weather operation.

"Crotale NG is an all-weather short-range air defence missile system."Crotale NG entered production in 1990 and is in service with the Finnish Army (20 systems), and the French Air Force (12 shelter-mounted systems) and Navy.

Thales signed a contract with Greece in June 1999 for 11 Crotale NG systems, nine for the air force and two for the navy. The system has also been sold to Saudi Arabia and Oman.

In February 2000, Thales and Samsung were jointly awarded the contract for the Republic of Korea Pegasus (Chun Ma) K-SAM (Korean Surface-to-Air Missile) programme. The contract called for the production of 48 Crotale NG surveillance and fire control systems. Samsung Thales was awarded a follow-on contract in December 2003.

Thales is developing the Crotale mk3 system. With the new Shikra 3D multibeam surveillance radar (derived from the Thales Netherlands SMART-S mk2 search radar), Crotale mk3 forms Thales's multishield system designed to protect sensitive sites and theatres of operation. Crotale mk3 began flight testing in January 2008.

A data exchange capability provides integration of the Crotale NG into a global air defence scheme. A platoon of four Crotale NG units can be operated in coordinated mode using the automated computer-to-computer data exchange. According to the threat assessment and the relative positions of the four units, the target is engaged by the unit in the best position.

Crotale mk3

Thales is developing the Crotale mk3, a new long-range variant of the Crotale NG. The Crotale mk3 has a maximum effective range of 16,000m and altitude of 9,000m. With the new Shikra 3D multibeam surveillance radar (derived from the Thales Netherlands SMART-S Mk2 search radar), Crotale mk3 forms Thales's Multishield system designed to protect sensitive sites and theatres of operation.

The Crotale mk3 was first test fired in February 2007 at the DGA Centre d'Essais des Landes (CELM) missile launch range at Biscarrosse in South West France. The mk3 intercepted and destroyed the target at a range of more than 14,000m.

In January 2008, the mk3 missile system successfully intercepted and destroyed a Banshee target drone at altitude 970m and range 8,000m in an 11 seconds engagement. In a second test firing Crotale mk3 destroyed the target flying at an altitude of 500m and range of 15,000m.

Missile

The Crotale NG VT1 missile features a high level of manoeuvrability with load factors up to 35g up to 8km with the airframe capable of withstanding 50g. Speed is Mach 3.5, using a solid propellant rocket motor. The VT1 has an effective range of about 11km and ceiling of over 6,000m. In March 2001, Thales Air Defence (formerly Shorts Missile Systems) were awarded a contract for the manufacture of the VT1 missile.

The Command to Line-Of-Sight (CLOS) guidance uses radar and electro-optical sensors. The missile is armed with a focused blast and fragmentation warhead, initiated by an RF proximity fuse. The warhead provides a lethal blast radius of 8m. Typical interception time from firing to airborne target destruction at a distance of 8km is 10.3s.

Fire control and surveillance

The Crotale NG is equipped with a multi-sensor suite, including passive electro-optics and radar with built-in Electronic Counter Countermeasures (ECCM) to engage airborne targets under adverse conditions of dense electronic warfare and hostile battlefield environments of nuclear, biological and chemical warfare (NBC) and smoke and dust screens. The elements of the sensor suite are:

S-band pulse doppler surveillance radar – with sectored surveillance, search-on-the-move and built-in IFF antenna. The ECCM features are low side lobes, frequency agility, pulse compression, CFAR (Constant False Alarm Rate) and strobe on jam. The range is 20km with altitude coverage from 0m to 5,000m.

"The Crotale NG system provides air situation and threat assessment."Ku-band TWT (travelling wave tube) single pulse doppler tracking radar – with a beam width of 1.20°. The ECCM features are low side lobes, frequency agility, pulse compression, CFAR, and jammer tracking. The range is up to 30km.

Thermal camera – with dual field of view and electronic magnification providing 8.1 or 2.7° in azimuth and 5.4 or 1.8° in elevation. The range is up to 19km.

Daylight CCD camera – with field of view 2.4° in azimuth and 1.8° in elevation. The range is up to 15km.

Infrared (IR) localiser – mounted below the CCD camera for missile gathering.

All functions from target detection to target tracking are automated to achieve reduced reaction times. The reaction time is typically six seconds between first detection and launch of the missile. Once the missile is fired, the operational software selects the best missile tracking sensor according to data being supplied from all sensors. The operator has the option of overriding the sensor automatically selected by the operational software

 

[TangoViking]

Hello guys, the RBS-23 BAMSE info can be updated with that grenade, mortar and artillery hunting capability has been added to the system so it can report these threats to other firing units in the network such as counter-artillery batteries.

We had a operative exercise of this capability late November in Sweden so it's not a paper product. The multibeam phase array radar makes it possible to do this simultaneously as it also tracks typical air targets like jets or missiles.

Our own ambition for adding this was international operations and deployability, for instance a RBS-23 deployed to a base camp and it will protect from air attacks but also warn about and pinpoint artillery, mortar etc. It can also provide target info to RBS-70 firing units so there's no need to bring a Giraffe radar to alert those either. So you can think how it could support your own defence if you get BAMSE as it sounds like you will.

Someone also asked about RBS-70. Last year Pakistan bought several new systems from Sweden and while I don't know the model I can only imagine it to be the latest with BORC night sight.

Best rgds
T.V

 

[Super Falcon]

atleast some one came and replyed i think we need to buy more system as far as anti air defence system as i mentioned above which do you prefare that PA should go for