So i started reading early from start of college this fall. And regretfully brought home a Pakistani chemistry book. The english is so bad. It says covalent bond is formed when orbitals of shared electrons overlap. Instead of going through a book or two i thought why not ask here. So plz explain to me the shells, sub-shells and orbitals of an atom.
Electrons are arranged around nucleus of an atom in energy levels or "Orbitals".
1 orbital can hold 2 electrons
Than those orbitals are arranged in "Shells"
the formula for this is nth shell= n^2
here how it is calculated
1st shell 1^1= 1 orbital
2nd shell 2^2= 4 orbitals and so on
1st shell contain only 1 orbital (as we saw above in the formula) which is called "1S orbital".
2nd shell contain 2 orbitals "S" and "P" orbitals they're called 2s and 2p orbitals
3rd shell contains 9 orbitals "S", "P" and "D" like before they will be called 3s, 3p and 3d
4th shell contains 16 orbitals "S", "P", "D" and "F"
i hope these pics will help you understand cuz "sub-shells" are really really confusing
i hope i helped you.
Do remember 1 imp thing though electrons occupy the lowest energy orbital first.
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