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Pakistan’s trade gap broadens to $13.7b

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Pakistan’s trade gap broadens to $13.7b - The Express Tribune

ISLAMABAD:
Despite the tremendous plunge in global crude oil prices, Pakistan’s trade deficit worsened to $13.7 billion in the first seven months of the current fiscal year as the value of imports, for the first time, was more than double the value of exports.

The trade deficit – gap between exports and imports – widened 4.3% to $13.7 billion from July-through January period of this fiscal year, reported the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics on Wednesday. It was for the first time in this fiscal year that the cumulative trade deficit worsened despite the bonanza of steep fall in crude oil prices.

The trade deficit was $564 million higher than reported in the comparative period of the last fiscal year. It almost nullified the $636 million gains that Pakistan had got due to increase in remittances during July-January period of this fiscal year.

The other source of foreign inflows that registered a dismal performance was the investment portfolio with figures dwindling to a precarious position.

“It is worrisome that balance of payments position worsened despite fall in crude oil prices,” said Dr Hafiz Pasha, a former finance minister.

From July through January, exports plunged to $12.1 billion, $2.1 billion or 14.4% less than the receipts in the comparative period of the last fiscal year, reported the PBS. The imports in this period contracted 5.4% to $25.7 billion. The imports were $1.5 billion less than the comparative period.

Expert’s opinion

Dr Pasha said that it was for the first time in the country’s history that the import bill was more than double the export bill. Something is seriously wrong with the economy that the government has to find out, said Dr Pasha.

The latest trade results are in line with the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) prediction. In its last report on Pakistan’s economy, the IMF had warned that benefits of lower oil prices would continue to be offset by weak performance of exports.

The PML-N government has so far failed to announce a three-year strategic trade policy framework after the last one expired in June 2015. The country was fast losing its competitiveness due to multiple factors including heavy taxation during last two and half years.

Commerce Minister Khurram Dastgir Khan was not available for comments.

In its last report, the IMF had also raised concerns about further loss of competitiveness. The IMF had warned that exports, and consequently economic growth would be adversely affected further, if Pakistan falls behind its competitors in securing favorable treatment in major markets.

Annual performance

On annualised basis, the trade deficit alarmingly widened 76.7% to $1.7 billion in January. It was $754 million higher than the one posted in January last year, according to the PBS. The trade deficit widened due to 13.9% reduction in exports and 15.4% growth in imports.

On annualised basis, the exports stood at $1.8 billion in January, $286 less than the receipts in comparative period. The imports last month stood at $3.5 billion -$468 million more than the import bill of January 2014.

It is yet to be seen whether half a billion dollar increase in import bill was because of imports of cotton or the power generation machinery, said Dr Pasha. The
cotton production fell this year, which according to Dr Pasha would shave-off almost 1% overall Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate.

For this year, the government has set the economic growth rate target at 5.5%, which is bound to be missed with a wide margin.
 
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why are we surprised... our real effective exchange rate appreciated by 5.6% and 8.8% in fiscal year 2014 and 2015, respectively, according to SBP data. Exports were supposed to fall after such massive appreciation
 
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why are we surprised... our real effective exchange rate appreciated by 5.6% and 8.8% in fiscal year 2014 and 2015, respectively, according to SBP data. Exports were supposed to fall after such massive appreciation

I see the first one, but I dont see the 2nd one:

XE.com - USD/PKR Chart

It does not seem to be a significant long term appreciation anyways in my opinion. Besides this current fiscal year is only seeing depreciation overall.
 
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There is a global downturn which lowers demand for our already redundant industrial sector.

Some areas where we need to work:
- Energy shortage
- Overhauling a redundant industrial sector churning out goods nobody wants
- Developing more internal demand for our goods and services
- Improving governance and tackling corruption
 
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I see the first one, but I dont see the 2nd one:

XE.com - USD/PKR Chart

It does not seem to be a significant long term appreciation anyways in my opinion. Besides this current fiscal year is only seeing depreciation overall.

here is the official data: http://www.sbp.org.pk/ecodata/NEER-REER.pdf

Also you are seeing the nominal exchange rate. I am talking about the 'real effective exchange rate'

REER is the one which determines your trade competitiveness in real terms.
 
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here is the official data: http://www.sbp.org.pk/ecodata/NEER-REER.pdf

Also you are seeing the nominal exchange rate. I am talking about the 'real effective exchange rate'

REER is the one which determines your trade competitiveness in real terms.

OK I see your point. I am assuming an increase in this particular index indicates a gain (appreciation) in value? It's measured against a basket of currencies and not just USD I assume too...

But what you are saying is more related to the import side (from Pakistan), governing the effective prices (with local inflation/deflation) that Pakistani consumers see.

Exports are governed by the nominal change that consumers external to Pakistan experience, they dont care at all about what inflation is doing for Pakistani consumers on top of the nominal market exchange rate....rather their own inflation (outside of PAkistan's control)...i.e the world's (minus Pakistan) REER weighted by Pakistan's biggest markets...is what would be the most precise measure for this. But in absence of such a measure, NEER will have to do from that aspect.

So REER ~ imports and NEER ~ exports in my opinion (from Pakistani standpoint).
 
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OK I see your point. I am assuming an increase in this particular index indicates a gain (appreciation) in value? It's measured against a basket of currencies and not just USD I assume too...

But what you are saying is more related to the import side (from Pakistan), governing the effective prices (with local inflation/deflation) that Pakistani consumers see.

Exports are governed by the nominal change that consumers external to Pakistan experience, they dont care at all about what inflation is doing for Pakistani consumers on top of the nominal market exchange rate....rather their own inflation (outside of PAkistan's control)...i.e the world's (minus Pakistan) REER weighted by Pakistan's biggest markets...is what would be the most precise measure for this. But in absence of such a measure, NEER will have to do from that aspect.

So REER ~ imports and NEER ~ exports in my opinion (from Pakistani standpoint).

I dont know the specifics of the index. But REER looks at overall trade. It does not look at only imports or only exports. Also, it is trade weighted and that is why it is called "effective exchange rate."

Nominal exchange rate is not the key. Imagine that price of good A increases in Pakistan more than it does in the US. Now even if nominal exchange rate is the same, dollar price of good A has increased more in Pakistan than in the US because of domestic inflation being higher. Therefore, demand for exports will go down. The difference in inflation across the two countries can be large enough that even small scale depreciation of nominal exchange rate will not reverse the appreciation in real exchange rate.
 
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I dont know the specifics of the index. But REER looks at overall trade. It does not look at only imports or only exports. Also, it is trade weighted and that is why it is called "effective exchange rate."

Nominal exchange rate is not the key. Imagine that price of good A increases in Pakistan more than it does in the US. Now even if nominal exchange rate is the same, dollar price of good A has increased more in Pakistan than in the US because of domestic inflation being higher. Therefore, demand for exports will go down. The difference in inflation across the two countries can be large enough that even small scale depreciation of nominal exchange rate will not reverse the appreciation in real exchange rate.

OK I see your point. Real ER takes into account price levels of both sides, not just Pakistan. Makes sense.
 
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