Pakistan Export Updates

[ghazi52]

Cutlery exports witnessed record increase of 11.32%


by The Frontier Post

ISLAMABAD (APP): The exports of cutlery during the first two month of FY 2021-22 grew by 11.32 percent as compared to the exports of the corresponding period last year.

During the period from July-Aug 21, cutlery worth US $ 9,225 were exported as compared to the exports of US $ 8,287 of the same period of last year.

According to the data released by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, the exports of Onyx Manufactured were increased by 52.36 percent, worth the US $ 387 were exported as compared to worth the US $ 254 of the same period last year.

Meanwhile, the exports of Chemicals and Pharm.Products increased by 73.45 percent, worth the US $ 113,813 thousand were also exported in the current financial year as compared to the exports of valuing the US $ 65,619 of the same period of last year.

During the period under view, Surgical goods and Medical instruments exports decreased by 6.75 percent, as worth US $ 30,678 were exported in the current fiscal year as compared to the exports of valuing the US $ 32,899 of the same period of last year.


Sports goods exports witness record 25.63 % increase

The Sports goods exports during the first two month of fiscal year of 2021-22 grew up by 25.63 per cent as compared to the exports of the corresponding period of last year.

During the period from July-Aug 2021, sports goods worth of US $ 24,060 thousand were exported as compared to the exports of US $ 19,152 thousand of same period of last year.

According to the data released by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, the exports of Footballs was increased by 18.79 percent, worth US $ 11,032 thousand exported as compared to exports worth US $ 9,287 thousand during same period of last year.

Meanwhile, gloves exports also increased by 18.82 per cent as the exports during current fiscal year recorded at worth US $ 6,111 thousand as compared to the exports during the same period of last year which recorded US$ 5,143 thousand.

During the period under review, others exports increased by 46.48 per cent, worth US $ 6,917 thousand exported in current fiscal year as compared to the exports of valuing US $ 4,722 thousand of same period of last year.

Leather Manufacturers exports witness record 8.21%

The Leather Manufacturers exports during the first two month of fiscal year of 2021-22 grew up by 8.21 per cent as compared to the exports of the corresponding period of last year
During the period from July-Aug 2021, Leather Manufacturers worth US$ 106,284 exported as compared to exports worth US$ 98,218 during same period of last year.

According to the data released by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, the exports of Leather Garments increased by 8.50 percent, worth of US$ 56,985 were exported as compared to the exports of US$ 52,520 of same period of last year.

Meanwhile, Leather Gloves exports also increased by 7.35 per cent as the exports during current fiscal year recorded at worth US$ 46,272 as compared to the exports during the same period of last year which recorded US$ 43,105.

During the period under review, other Leather Manufacturer exports increased by 16.74 per cent, worth US$ 3,027 exported in current fiscal year as compared to the exports of valuing US$ 2,593 of same period of last year.

 

[ghazi52]

Record meat exports at 95,991 tonnes in FY21

Aamir Shafaat Khan
September 23, 2021

Meat shop at Burns Road in Karachi.—Fahim Siddiqi / White Star

KARACHI: Pakistan exported 95,991 tonnes (worth $333 million) meat and meat preparations in FY21 — an all-time high figures — against 83,749 tonnes ($304m) a year ago. However, the average per tonne price (APT) remained low at $3,473 as compared to $3,631 in FY20.


The new fiscal started with a twist as the APT price soared to $4,234 in July-August 2021-22 from $3,444 in the same period in the last fiscal year despite drop in quantity to 11,702 tonnes ($49m) from 14,974 tonnes ($51.5m) in the same period FY21, down by 22pc in quantity and 4pc in value.

Exports have been facing a downward trend from July 2021. As per figures of Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS), in July 2021, exports plunged to 5,889 tonnes ($25m) from 8,176 tonnes ($28m) in July 2020. The APT price stood at $4,182 in July 2021 versus $3,465 in July 2020.

In August 2021, exports stood at 6,047 tonnes ($25m) as compared to 6,798 ($23m) in the same month in 2020. The APT went up to $4,213 from $3,418 in the above period.
In the last 10 years, exports hovered in the range of 56,000-85,000 tonnes.

Pakistan’s meat exports have been struggling to compete with the exporters of African countries who have been offering competitive prices for shipments to the Middle East markets than local exporters, Managing Director of PK Livestock Tariq Mehmood Butt said.

However, massive rupee devaluation against the dollar from May 2021 till to date has provided a much breathing space for the exporters, he said. However, high local meat prices have diluted the positive impact of rupee fall against the greenback. One dollar was equal to Rs152 in May 2021 as compared to Rs169 now in the interbank market, Mr Butt added.

He explained that the cattle mandi and quarantine fees were taken by the government, thus pushing up costs and decreasing competitiveness of exportable items.

Pakistan exports 98pc of meat and meat preparations to the ME markets by air. The share of beef is 95pc of total exports; he said adding that Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia and Sudan are giving a tough time to Pakistani exporters.

Mr Butt opined that consumers’ buying power has remained depressed owing to rising prices of various food items after the start of Covid-19 and frequent market closures from February/March 2020 to date. Even in Pakistan, many consumers cannot afford to buy costly mutton and beef, he added.

Looking unsatisfied over the official figures available in Pakistan Economic Survey (PES) FY21 regarding rising livestock production, he claimed that livestock production has been falling for the last three years instead of showing any growth.

PES shows cattle, buffalo and goat production of 51.5m, 42.4m and 80.3m in FY21 as compared to 47.8m, 40m and 76.1m in FY19. Beef and mutton production rose to 2,380,000 and 765,000 tonnes in FY21 as compared to 2,227,000 and 732,000 tonnes in FY19.

He argued that goat farmers have gone on back foot in the last three years while big animal growers have also become reluctant in the last 1.5 years in investing in livestock farming owing to low demand triggered by high meat prices and inflationary trend in overall food prices.

Talking to Dawn, Chairman of Dairy and Cattle Farmers Association (DCFA) Shakir Umar Gujjar did not agree with the PES production figures of livestock, saying that these were based on estimated figure based on inter census growth rate of livestock census 1996 and 2006.

He said calf and milk-producing cows are being slaughtered to meet the demand of meat which is resulting in shortage of animals. He said buffalo price is now Rs450,000 as compared to Rs100,000 few years back.

Consumers have been paying higher prices for veal and mutton meat for the last few years. Mutton sells between Rs1,400-1,600 per kg as compared to Rs1,000 per kg three years back followed by Rs720-750 and Rs820-850 per kg for veal with and without bones which are priced at Rs480 and Rs580 per kg. Meat merchants have been attributing rising prices of meat to surging meat exports.
Published in Dawn, September 23rd, 2021

 

[ghazi52]

Export target of $38 billion set for FY 2022:


BR Web Desk
29 Sep 2021

The government has set a target of $38 billion for exports of goods and services for the ongoing fiscal year, said Advisor to Prime Minister on Commerce and Investment Abdul Razak Dawood on Wednesday, expressing optimism that the number would register a nearly 40% year-on-year growth.


While addressing the first pharmaceutical export summit in Islamabad, Dawood said that the target was set after consultations with the prime minister and relevant ministries including finance, energy, industries, and others.


The advisor said that despite the stated target, the government would try to exceed it and reach $40 billion for FY22, expressing confidence that the industries and farmers will play their role in helping the government achieve it.

Talking about the tariff structure, he said that he has conveyed to the prime minister that setting tariffs for Pakistan's industries should not be the prerogative of the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) and be shifted to the Ministry of Commerce.

“Tariff rationalisation is part of our 'Make in Pakistan' strategy,” he said. "Further tariff rationalisation will be done in the next budget in order to facilitate different industries including the farmers."

Last month, Dawood expressed hope that by the last fiscal year of the current government's tenure, ie, 2023, the country's exports would reach $50 billion by following the policy of trade diversification in potential trade sectors and markets.

Export diversification, focus on non-traditional sectors, and increasing exports to new markets, including Africa, would not only enhance the volume of the country's exports but would also help to achieve the export targets, the adviser said.

"Geographical trade diversification and search for new markets will further increase our exports," he said.
Pakistan recorded exports of nearly $27 billion in FY21, higher than the previous year. However, many believe there is room for growth, especially as the rupee has depreciated to an all-time low against the US dollar, making the exports cheaper.

 

[ghazi52]

Pakistan's gleaming pavilion of mirrors
Maheshpreet Narula, Dubai

Also in the Opportunity District is Pakistan’s pavilion. Designed by the architects at Al Jabal Engineering, it’s a colorful display especially under the beaming sun.
As you walk inside, the Coke Studio version of the classic song Dam Mast Qalandar plays. Inside is a stunning replica of the Sheesh Mahal from Lahore Fort – the “Palace of Mirrors” built by Emperor Shah Jahan. This stunning display was assembled in Pakistan before it arrived in the UAE.

 

[ghazi52]

Basmati: damn thy luck!

BR Research
01 Oct 2021

According to PBS, quantum of basmati exports increased by 40 percent during 2MFY22, highest volumetric increase witnessed among key export commodities from Pakistan during the period. As market welcomes hopeful news regarding crop performance from the farms in the ongoing season, is Pakistan’s basmati export set to break fresh records?

Hardly. At current pace, basmati export quantum will clock in below 0.8 million tons for the full year FY22, not even among the top-10 years for basmati export report card. The quantum increase during 2MFY22 only looks rosy due to low base effect from the pandemic year, and pales into comparison against export performance just a year earlier. That said, basmati’s performance during 2MFY22 is still second-best in past 10 years, as memories of fixed exchange rate (2014-17) fades away.

So, what’s good and what not so much? Exporters point fingers at 'freight charges gone wild’. Although the disruption of by-sea supply chain – and resulting increase in freight cost - is very much a global phenomenon – exporters complain that containers are simply unavailable for shipment causing delays and even cancellation of orders. Although that appears to be a convenient explanation for the slowdown (compared to 2MFY20) it fails to explain why import shipments haven’t shown signs of abatement. Afterall, containers that land on Karachi’s shores can’t prefer to be shipped back empty.
Whatever the truth behind state of containerized shipments, it is definitely not the only explanation for slowdown in rice export earnings. Basmati export earnings have also taken a severe beating at the hands of pricing, as average unit price of exports witnesses its fourth year of decline (compared to Jul-Aug in previous years).

In fact, basmati prices in the international market are trading below $750 per ton, lowest in at least 5-years.

To make matters worse, both basmati producers – India and Pakistan – have witnessed quantum jump in domestic production during this 5 year period. Consider that subcontinent’s basmati output has grown by 20 percent in the past four years to 12 million tons, of which share of eastern neighbour is at least above two-third. The export market is sized at 5 million tons, in which Pakistan’s share is just under one-fourth.

Unfortunately, Pakistan’s return to the export market – post currency depreciation of FY19 - has coincided with a substantial rise in local output in the two basmati origin nations. However, even that’s an incomplete explanation. According to World Bank, rice varieties – of all types and geographic origins – stand apart as conspicuous exception to the ongoing global commodity price spiral. Based on USDA forecast, global rice output is set to remain stable above 500 million tons in 2021-22. According to FAO, rice crops have been protected from the productivity damage seen across several major crops during 2021, and may just prove to be the reason why the ongoing international commodity price spiral shall not turn into a global food crisis, especially in Global South.

That said, the situation offers little hope for Pakistan’s basmati exporters, who may see export volumes plateau at FY20 levels. But a lot may come to depend on the pricing offered by Indian exporters over coming winter season, which in effect sets the tone for pricing for rest of the year.

 

[ghazi52]

Imran for exploiting potential of salt, pharmaceutical sectors


APP
October 2, 2021


ISLAMABAD: Prime Minister Imran Khan on Friday directed the authorities concerned to take steps to exploit full potential of exports diversification in salt and pharmaceutical sectors.

Chairing a meeting of the National Export Development Board, the prime minister said the government was focused on creating business-friendly environment in the country for strengthening economy and increasing employment opportunities.

The prime minister emphasised that business community should adopt modern technologies to achieve maximum value addition.

Solar salt project aims to boost exports by $400m in 2023

The meeting was attended by Finance Minister Shaukat Tareen, Minister for Industries and Production Khusro Bakhtyar, Commerce Adviser Abdul Razak Dawood, Special Assistant to PM (SAPM) on Health Dr Faisal Sultan, SAPM on Political Communication Dr Shahbaz Gill, CEO Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP) Asim Rauf, representatives of pharmaceutical and salt sectors and senior officials.

PM Khan was briefed on the potential of diversification of exports, especially in salt and pharmaceutical sectors. He was briefed that Pakistan was blessed with all types of salt available in the world including rock salt, sea salt and lake salt.

With a reserve size of 6.2 billion tonnes, Khewra Salt Mine is the second largest salt range in the world. Pakistan has also sea salt reserves along 1,050 kilometre long coastline.

Almost 60 per cent of total 350 million tonnes global salt consumption is made by the chemical industry.

Pakistan’s current annual salt production is 4m tonnes, whereas just 0.3m tonnes are being exported each year.

The government of Balochistan and Hub Salt have initiated a new Solar Salt project to tap Pakistan’s huge potential in salt export. This new Solar Salt Project will be the world’s largest salt works facility and will boost the salt exports by $400m in 2023 and will continue to grow by $200m per annum in subsequent years.

Moreover, it was told that currently Pakistan’s pharmaceutical exports are worth $275m with a growth potential of $74.3bn. This growth potential can be materialised by investing in the machinery and equipment, streamlining the registration process for Pakistani medicines, entering into joint ventures with reputed multinational companies and the appointment of sales and marketing teams in international markets for brand building.

Published in Dawn, October 2nd, 2021

 

[ghazi52]

Sports goods’ export increase 11% in 2 months

Mon, 11 Oct 2021,

ISLAMABAD, Oct 11 (APP): The exports of sports goods witnessed an increase of 11.23 percent during the first two months of ongoing financial year (2021-22) as against the exports of corresponding period of last year.
The country exported sports goods worth $ 50.415 million during July-August (2021-22) against the trade of $ 45.325 million during July-August (2020-21), showing growth of 11.23 percent, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) reported.

During the months under review, the export of footballs also increased by 5.25 percent from $21.828 million last year to $22.973 million during current year under review while the exports of gloves however witnessed decline of 1.59 percent from $12.262 million to $12.067 million.

In addition, the exports of all other sports good however witnessed an increase of 36.85 percent by going up from $11.235 million to $15.357 million during the period under review.

Meanwhile, on year-on-year basis, the exports of sports products during August 2021 rose by 25.63 percent to $24.060 million when compare to the exports of $19.152 million during August 2020, the PBS data revealed.

During the period under review, the exports of footballs and gloves also increased by 18.79 and 18.82 percent respectively while the export of all other sports products increased by 46.48 percent.

On month-on-month basis, the exports of sports products went down by 8.71 percent in August 2021 when compared to the exports of $ 26.355 million in August 2021.

During the month under review, the exports of footballs decreased by 7.61 whereas the export of gloves increased by 2.60 percent, the data revealed.

 

[ghazi52]

Tobacco exports surge 48% in 2 months

The Frontier Post

ISLAMABAD (APP): The exports of tobacco from the country witnessed an increase of 48.51 percent during the first two months of financial year (2021-22) as compared to the corresponding period of last year.

Pakistan exported tobacco worth US $ 5.195 million during July-August (2021-22) as compared to the exports of US $ 3.498 million during July-August (2020-21), showing growth of 48.51 percent, according to the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS).

In terms of quantity, the exports of tobacco also rose by 98.35 percent as the country exported 2,327 metric ton of tobacco during the period under review as compared to the exports of 1,173 metric ton during last fiscal year.

Meanwhile, on year-on-year basis, the tobacco exports also increased by 219.47 percent during the month of August 2021 as compared to the same month of last year.

The tobacco exports in August 2021 were recorded at $4.249 million against the exports of US $ 1.330 million in August 2020, the PBS data revealed.

On month-on-month basis the export of tobacco surge by 349.15 percent in August 2021as compared to the exports of US $ 0.946 million in July 2021.

 

[ghazi52]

 

[ghazi52]

Pakistan’s exports of services increased to $635 million in the first quarter


Pakistan’s exports of services increased to $635 million in the first quarter of the ongoing fiscal year, Adviser to the Prime Minister on Investment and Commerce Abdul Razak Dawood said on Monday.

“I am pleased to announce that Pakistan’s IT & IT-enabled service in the Q1 of FY 2201-22, exports increased to $635 million from July to September compared to the exports value of the last year, which stood at $445 million, showing a increase of 42% YoY [year-on-year] growth,” he said in a Twitter statement.

The PM’s aide congratulated all the stakeholders for their “efforts and dedication”.

“Also, by seeing how IT sector is growing, I am optimistic that we will cross the IT exports target for FY of 2021-22,” he said.

 

[ghazi52]

Pakistan’s exports, imports

Considering the data of exports and imports of Pakistan as reported by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS), it revealed that exports and imports both recovered in FY21.

Exports increased by 18.3% and imports rose by 26.6% over the values reported for FY20.

Total exports of $25.3 billion are the highest ever reported in the country’s history, which suggests that export-oriented industries in Pakistan performed relatively better than several other developing countries, which struggled to trade during the pandemic.

As economic growth levels picked up in Pakistan, the demand for imports also increased. Total imports in FY21 were $56.4 billion, one of the highest levels reported in the country’s history.

Exports of services from Pakistan increased by 9.2% in FY21 over the value reported for FY20, primarily driven by the information and communication technology (ICT) sector.

The growth in exports from Pakistan was mainly due to the textile sector, which recorded an increase of 22.9% in exports in FY21 over the value reported for FY20. This has continued to increase in the first two months of FY22, with 28.7% growth.

The biggest contributors to the increase in exports were bed wear, knitwear and towels, which constitute value-added goods.

According to data extracted from ITC’s Trademap.org, approximately $9.8 billion of exports from Pakistan out of $13.1 billion worth of textile exports were destined to the US and Europe in 2020.

More specifically, $3.46 billion of exports were destined to the US and $1.37 billion of shipments were destined to the UK.

A majority of the products exported to the Western countries were made-up textile articles and apparel.

Although Pakistan has experienced higher export growth rates relative to regional competitors, challenges still remain that can impact long-term expectations of export-oriented sectors.

For instance, exports of apparels from Pakistan increased in 2020 while those of regional competitors such as India and Bangladesh decreased. Exports of apparels from India decreased by more than 20% in 2020 over the previous year.

As exports from regional competitors recover, competition is likely to intensify in major markets.

Another major hurdle in global trade is the logjam faced by supply chains as shipping costs reach unprecedented levels and congestions at major ports lead to significant slowdown and higher costs of trade.

With supply chain disruptions, preference may not only shift towards imports of necessary goods but the effectiveness of logistics and border facilitation become increasingly crucial as exporters demand timely shipment of their products.

In a nutshell, the recent gains in export levels must be considered with cautious optimism. As the world economy recovers from the pandemic-induced shock, the level of export competitiveness against regional counterparts will become increasingly important. It will be essential to boost productivity and capabilities of exporters.

The writer is the Assistant Professor of Economics & Research Fellow at CBER IBA

 

[ghazi52]

Leather Export

The leather exports witnessed an increase of 5.99 percent during the first three months of the current financial year (2021/22), compared with the exports of the corresponding period of the last year, the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) reported.

Pakistan’s exported leather worth $154.457 million during July-September 2021/22 against the exports of $145.733 million during July-September 2020/21, showing a growth of 5.99 percent, it added.

Among the leather products, the exports of leather garments increased 3.79 percent by going up from $77.551 million last year to $80.487 million during the current year.

 

[ghazi52]

Pakistan needs long-term reform for reviving exports: World Bank

Amin Ahmed
October 29, 2021

A participant stands near a logo of World Bank at the International Monetary Fund - World Bank Annual Meeting. — Reuters/File

ISLAMABAD: The World Bank has suggested that Pakistan needs an integrated and long-term reform strategy for fixing the export challenge that will require coordination across government agencies at federal and provincial levels to harmonise policy decisions, institutional strengthening to ensure effective implementation and active public-private sector dialogue to secure the broadest support to reforms.

The ‘Pakistan Development Update: Reviving Exports’ report released by the World Bank on Thursday says that due to strengthened domestic demand, imports have grown much higher than exports in recent months, leading to a large trade deficit. To sustain strong economic growth, Pakistan needs to increase private investment and export more, suggests the report.

In examining the country’s persistent trade imbalance, it identifies key factors that are hindering exports: high effective import tariff rates, limited availability of long-term financing for firms to expand export capacity, inadequate provision of market intelligence services for exporters, and low productivity of Pakistani firms.

Over the last two decades, share of exports in GDP has declined from 16pc to 10pc

“The long-term decline in exports as a share of GDP has implications for the country’s foreign exchange, jobs, and productivity growth. Therefore, confronting core challenges that are necessary for Pakistan to compete in global markets is an imperative for sustainable growth,” said Derek Chen, Senior Economist, World Bank.
“Since longstanding issues with the persistent trade gap have resurfaced, this edition of the report provides a timely, in-depth assessment and policy recommendations that can help spur exports,” he said.

According to the report, debates on appropriate policies to reduce the trade deficit have resurfaced with the recent increases in the trade gap. A key factor driving the trade imbalance is the declining export competitiveness. Indeed, the share of exports in GDP has been declining since the turn of the century, from 16 per cent in 1999 to 10pc in 2020.

This falling export share has implications for foreign exchange, jobs, and productivity growth. At the firm-level, the decline is consistent with low entry rates into exporting, and exporters that struggle to expand over their life cycle. At the economy level, the lack of a sustained robust growth in exports has resulted in little diversification or sophistication gains for the export bundle, the report says.

While the causes of the falling export share are manifold, there are three key ones. First, the high effective import tariff rates and limited export market access tend to discourage exports. Second, the supporting services for exporters are inadequate, especially those for long-term financing of capacity expansions and market intelligence services to secure new export contracts. Third, the low productivity of Pakistani firms hinders them from successfully competing in global markets.

Published in Dawn, October 29th, 2021

 

[ghazi52]

Pakistan's textile exports surged to an all-time high of $6.04 billion in the first four months (July-October) of this fiscal year (2021-22) led by the value-added sector, as per the latest figures of the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) and All Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA).

The country’s textile exports stood at $4.76 billion in the July-October period of last fiscal year, according to a report published.

The export of textile products registered 25.6% growth in October in the fiscal year 2021-22 compared to the corresponding month of last fiscal year, whereas export of textile goods posted a growth of almost 9% against $1.49 billion export in the preceding month of September of the current financial year.

ATPMA, the largest representative body of textile mills in the country, attributed the phenomenal growth in the export of textile goods to subsidized energy tariffs, which provided a big relief to the textile sector on account of cost.

“The concessions on energy tariff helped textile sector post high growth in exports”, Asif Inam, Chairman APTMA (South Zone) told.

 

[ghazi52]

LAHORE: Ambassador of Germany Bernhard Schlagheck on Friday said visa issues of carpet exporters will be resolved on priority basis. While addressing the members and office bearers of Pakistan Carpet Manufactures and Exporters Association during his visit to Carpet Training Institute, Bernhard Schlagheck assured visa issues facing carpet exporters wishing to participate in the "Domotex" exhibition in Germany will be resolved on a priority basis.

He further said that the Association should send a list of their members to the Germany Embassy in Islamabad so that their visa process can be expedited at the fast track to facilitate them to participate in the Annual Fair in Hanover January, next.

The German envoy said Pakistan and Germany share good trade and commerce relations between two countries and assured Germany would assist Carpet Export Manufacturers Association in the field of Research and Development so as to promote trade between the two countries.

He further pointed both countries are celebrating seventy years of bilateral trade relations which, he said would continue to expand during the coming days.

He said Germany also imports a number of items from Pakistan other than carpets. The German envoy further pointed out that more than seventy thousand Pakistani are living in Germany who are playing important role in promoting economic activities.

Regarding issuance of German visas to the general public and the members of the carpet manufacturers and exports association, the Ambassador suggested that all visa candidates should ensure they are fully vaccinated of Pfizer Vaccine against Covid-19 to help dispose of visa cases in a timely manner.

He further advised that members already having Schengen visas during the last fifty-nine days need not to re-apply for visas to attend the forthcoming International Fair in Hanover.

Chairman Pakistan Carpets Export Association Akhter Nazir Cooki, Vice Chairman Ejazur Rehman and the former Chairman Latif also spoke on the occasion and highlighted problems being faced by the Exporters community and presented solutions to overcome the problems which the Ambassador heard and took notes on certain of them.

Later, the German Ambassador visited various carpet manufacturing sections and evinced keen interest in the processing of colourful carpets.

Copyright Business Recorder, 2021