Pakistan Army Aviation Corps - Updated
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Haris Ali2140
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LOLz US is blocking both AH-1Z & T-129 deals.
air marshal
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nomi007
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why they are blocking only two reason came in mind.
1st we want Ah-1z from COALITION SUPPORT FUND.
2nd T-129 is Turkish made helo, after S400 deal USA will never support Turkish defense industry.
If we Buy directly AH-1z by our own money instead of T-129 than USA may be release remaining cobras
Why would we do that? Today it is because of CSF tomorrow it will be something else move the F on.
The best way would be to order Z10ME in place of T129.
Use the money from T129's contract penalty as seed for Atak 2 program.
It will be WIN-WIN for everyone.
The best way would be to order Z10ME in place of T129.
Use the money from T129's contract penalty as seed for Atak 2 program.
It will be WIN-WIN for everyone.
fatman17
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World Defense & Security News - Russia & Pakistan
Pakistan and combat helicopters in the war against terrorism
The role of combat helicopters on the modern battlefield is expanding due to the increasing Islamic State`s (IS) terroristic group activity and the anti-terroristic coalition`s backlash. Several countries from the Persian Gulf, the Near East and the Central Asia regions are paying a lot of attention to the issue, acquiring the modern Russian, US, and European helicopters to provide close air support to their own forces and effective destruction of the IS`s facilities.
Bell AH-1Z Viper attack helicopter
At the same time, several countries are relying on obsolete Cold war-age platforms in fighting with Islamic State and other terroristic groups. One of such states is Pakistan, which continues to be a perspective customer for Russian combat helicopters.
There are several countries from the aforementioned regions, now fighting against IS. This list includes Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Bahrein, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan as the Near Eastern and Asian partners of the European members of the coalition. Helicopters play an important role in counter-terroristic actions (CTA). The air campaign of the Russian VKS (Vozdushno-Kosmicheskie Sily) against IS in Syria, being supported by several Mi-24Ps (Hind), proves their combat value.
From the aforementioned countries, Saudi Arabia has the strongest rotor-wing aircraft fleet. It comprises 15 helicopters, including 12 AH-64D Apache Longbow and three AH-64E Apache Guardian. The UAE has 30 AH-64Ds in its fleet. The Syria`s armed forces have 24 Mi-25s (export modification of Soviet Mi-24 Hind).
Iraq has recently upgraded its rotor-wing aircraft fleet, having received 16 Mi-35Ms and 11 Mi-28NE "Night Hunter" (Havoc-B) helicopters. According to the signed agreement, Russia is to supply to Iraq 24 Mi-35Ms and 19 Mi-28NEs in total before the midst of 2016.
Turkey has one of the strongest rotorcraft fleet in the region. It includes 18 AH-1Ps (Cobra), 12 AH-1S (Cobra), 6 AH-1W (Cobra), 4 TAH-1P (Cobra). The Turkish Aerospace Industries company (TAI) has started to supply the newest T-129 ATAK helicopters to the national armed forces. As of August 2015, nine T-129s had been delivered. Turkey`s armed forces intend to get 59 ATAKs in total, covering the requirement for modern combat helicopters. Pakistan has 38 AH-1F/S Cobras and one Mi-24 (in store). The Jordan`s rotor-wing aircraft fleet includes 25 AH-1Fs. The Bahrein`s Air Force has 16 AH-1Es, 12 AH-1Fs, 6 TAH-1Ps.
Now two countries are heavily relying on army aviation in fighting against terrorism, namely, Iraq and Pakistan. Baghdad has decided to buy modern helicopters, including well-protected Mi-28NEs. At the same time, the Islamabad`s rotor-wing aircraft fleet is suffering from several troubles. The obsolete Cobras supplied to Pakistan in 1984-1986 do not fully withstand the pressure of fighting against IS. Their level of protection fails to meet the modern standards. The AH-1F/S payload is limited to 1500 kg, and only four or eight AGM-114 Hellfire guided missiles can be installed.
Pakistan is suffering from the lack of spare parts for Cobras. This technical problem reduces the effectiveness of the Pakistan`s combat helicopter fleet backbone. AH-1F/S are becoming obsolete, and the upgrade of the Cobras seems to be unpractical. Therefore, now Islamabad is feeling a deep need in new combat rotor-wing aircraft acquisition.
Pakistan is actively seeking new ways to get helicopters for the national armed forces. Having declined the appropriate Islamabad`s requests for several times, In April 2015 the U.S. State Department took the final decision to approve the sales of 15 AH-1Z Vipers to Pakistan (previously Washington had declined the appropriate request for the helicopters several times for the reasons of human rights infringement by Islamabad). AH-1Z payload (2620 kg) is at the level of Mi-35V and Mi-28NE. Nevertheless, the Viper`s ballistic and missile protection is weaker in comparison with the "Night Hunter". At the same time, the AH-1Z`s price tag is significantly higher than the Mi-28NE`s one.
CAIC Z-10 attack helicopter
Pakistan is also conducting negotiations with China to acquire rotor-wing aircraft. In particular, Islamabad took the delivery of three Z-10 combat helicopters from Chinese company CAIC (Changhe Aircraft Industries Corporation). Nevertheless, the combat effectiveness of these rotorcraft is being doubted by some Western analytics. They have never been tested in combat environment. Z-10 carries smaller payload (approximately 1500 kg) in comparison with Mi-35M, Mi-28NE, or AH-1Z. It is equipped with two WZ-9 engines, which come short of power in comparison with Russian Klimov VK-2500-2 and US General Electric T700-GE-401C. Being underpowered, Z-10 cannot fly with full payload.
Meanwhile, modern well-protected helicopters are strongly sought-for. According to the investigation conducted by US Department of Defence-led Joint Aircraft Survivability Program Office (JASPO) and Institute for Defence Analyses (IDA), man-portable air defence systems (MANPADS) and rocket-propelled RPG grenades pose the most significant threat to rotor-wing aircraft on the modern battlefield. JASPO and IDA have come to the conclusion, that in the course of Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (in Afghanistan and Iraq, respectively) operations (OEF/OIF) between October 2001 and September 2009 combat losses (including aircraft shootdown by enemy fire) accounted for 19 % of all loses. Meanwhile, different mishaps accounted for the remaining 81 %. 73 % of fatalities occurred in combat theater. In total, 496 accidents took place within the prescribed period, and 375 rotor-wing aircraft were lost.
In comparison with the Vietnam War, the losses/flight time ratio reduced by seven times and consisted 2,71 lost helicopters for 100000 flight hours (reduction by seven times). Nevertheless, this figure excels the limit set by the US Congress and Pentagon (0,5 lost rotor-wing aircraft for 100000 flight hours).
The US armed forces have lost in combat 70 helicopters within the prescribed period. Different mishaps during combat during accounted for 157 rotor-wing aircraft. 148 more helicopters were lost in non-combat environment.
The losses of AH-64A/AH-64D Apache Longbow helicopters in the aforementioned conflicts are important for the estimation of modern helicopters` combat effectiveness on the battlefield. Between October, 2001 and September, 2009 11 AH-64s in Iraq and Afghanistan were lost due to the enemy fire: two in 2003, two in 2004, one in 2005, three in 2006, three in 2007. Different mishaps in combat environment accounted for 31 more Apaches: two in 2002, six in 2003, five in 2004, seven in 2005, four in 2006, six in 2007, and one in 2009. The US armed forces lost 26 rotor-wing aircraft in non-hostile environment within the prescribed period: seven in 2002, three in 2003, three in 2004, seven in 2005, two in 2006, three in 2007, and one in 2009. In total, the US armed forces lost 68 AH-64A/AH-64D between October, 2001 and September, 2009, including 11 in combat environment (16 %).
The ageing AH-1 Cobra/Super Cobra helicopters also suffered some combat losses during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom, namely, five rotor-wing aircraft. One AH-1 was lost in 2003, two in 2004, one in 2006, one in 2008. Non-hostile mishaps accounted for 5 Cobras: one in 2002, two in 2003, one in 2004, one in 2009. In total, the US armed forces lost 15 AH-1s between October 2001 and September 2009, including five in combat environment (33 %).
Modern researches point out the reduction of all types of rotor-wing aircraft losses in Iraq and Afghanistan in comparison with the Vietnam War. This trend was defined by the installation of new equipment and avionics, additional armour of cockpit, protected and shockproof fuel systems. In particular, UH-60 Blackhawk utility helicopter can fly for at least 30 minutes, having been hit by a single 7,62mm armour-piercing incendiary bullet. AH-64A/AH-64D`s armour protection is significantly heavier.
Small arms and light weapons (SALW) have been the most significant threat to the helicopters both in Vietnam and in Iraq/Afghanistan. SALW accounted for 94 % of combat losses during the Vietnam War and for 31 % during the OIF/OEF. SALW is supposed to be the most significant threat to rotor-wing aircraft in the years to come. The danger, emanating from MANPADS and rocket-propelled grenades has increased. Modern combat helicopters are heavily protected from bullets, meanwhile being relatively vulnerable to MANPDAS missiles.
Within the prescribed period the Iraqi and Afghanistan militants didn`t use radar-guided missile systems or anti-aircraft (AA) guns. The most powerful AA means, exploited by them, were MANPADS. Nevertheless, the sphere of the IS`s influence is spreading, and the terroristic group can get surface-to-air missile systems (SAM) in the near future, and the threat emanating from this kind of weapons may increase. Moreover, the video records produced by IS point out that the terrorists have weapons captured from the Iraqi government forces. Therefore, IS may obtain SAM systems. In this case Supercobras/Vipers and Mi-35Ms will remain short of Mi-28NEs and AH-64D/Es.
The US experts recommend equipping combat helicopters with electronic warfare systems, IR jammers and other countermeasures, flares, anti-blast seats for crew, threat detection systems, missile-warning equipment, and fly-by-wire systems. The upgrade of helicopters` crashworthiness level is also suggested. Therefore, Mi-28NEs being already equipped with the aforementioned hardware would have superiority over Mi-35Ms in fighting against IS in the regions of the Near East and Asia.
Mi-35M is the latest modification of the world-famous Hind, while Mi-28NE is a helicopter designed from the scratch with a glance to the Afghan war (1979-1989) combat experience. The conditions of this conflict are similar to those of war against the IS terroristic group.
Boeing AH-64E Apache Guardian attack helicopter
Mi-28NE`s gun weapon has several advantages over the Mi-35M`s one. Night Hunter is equipped with NPPU-28 gun mount with 30mm 2A42 gun (widely used in Russian armed forces BMP-2 infantry fighting vehicle is also equipped with 2A42 gun). Its ammunition load includes 300 rounds. 2A42 uses four types of ammunition, namely armour-piercing (AP) 3UBR6 and 3UBR8, high-explosive (HE) fragmentation incendiary 3UOF8, fragmentation incendiary 3UOR6. 3UBR6 and 3UBR8 shells can effectively hit armoured vehicles at the 1000 m and 1500 m, relatively. Foreign operators of 2A42 gun also have an option to use armour piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) shells produced by Swiss, Belgian, Bulgarian, Czech, and Slovak companies. 2A42 gun can hit personnel targets at the 2000-4000 m (depending on the type of shell).
In comparison with Night Hunter, the Mi-35M`s gun weapon is less powerful. The helicopter is equipped with NPPU-23 gun mount with 23mm GSh-23L gun. Its ammunition load includes 450 rounds. GSh-23L uses several types of ammunition, namely, HE tracer OFZ-23-AM-GSh, HE incendiary tracer OFZT-23-AM-GSh, AP incendiary tracer BZT-23-AM-GSh and BZT-23-GSH, HE incendiary FZ-23-GSh and FZ-23-GSh-N, AP explosive BR-23-AMGSh, multiple-element ME-23-GSh.
In the terms of armour penetration and behind-armour-effect, 23x115mm rounds of GSh-23L are inferior to 30x165mm rounds of 2A42. GSh-23L can hit hard targets at 1000-1500 m, and soft targets - at 2000 m. Only Russian and Chinese batch-produced aircraft are equipped with GSh-23/GH-23L. Therefore, the range of foreign ammunition types for the gun is restricted, and the aforementioned Russian rounds are delivered with helicopters and planes to foreign customers. GSh-23L has only one advantage over 2A42, namely, the ability to fire multiple-element round ME-23-GSh. It has a high degree of effectiveness against personnel targets and uncovered aircraft. Therefore, Mi-28N`s gun weapon is more effective in fighting against terroristic groups than the Mi-35M`s one.
The Night Hunter`s payload (2400 kg) significantly exceeds the Hind-M`s one (2100 kg). In addition to that, Mi-28NE can use more types of weapons.
Mi-35M`s range of armament subsystems includes UPK-23 gun pods with two GSh-23L guns (250 rounds per pod), B8V20-A 20-tube unguided rocket launchers for 80mm S-8 family of rockets, B13L1 5-tube unguided rocket launchers for 122mm S-13 family of rockets, up to 16 AT-6 Spiral or AT-9 Spiral-2 anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM) in two pods. Mi-28NE can also use the aforementioned systems. While Mi-35M is equipped with AT-6 ATGMs as the standard anti-tank weapon, Mi-28NE uses AT-9. Night Hunter also can fire air-to-air 9M39 Igla-V missiles included in the Strelets system.
Mi-28NE`s level of protection significantly increases the Mi-35M`s one. In comparison with Mi-24V, Mi-35M`s armour hasn`t been essentially upgraded. During the Afghan war DShK, M2/M2HB machineguns, and ZGU-1, ZPU-1/ZPU-2/ZPU-4, ZU-23-2 AA guns posed the main threat to the Soviet Mi-24Vs. The aforementioned weapon can effectively hit not only the previous Hind modification, but also Mi-35Ms.
TAI T129 ATAK attack helicopter
During the development of Mi-28NE, its designers payed significant attention to the helicopter`s ballistic protection. Two VK-2500-2 engines are separated and shielded by the airframe components. The blades of both main and auxiliary rotors are made of durable composites. The fueling, hydraulic, and pneumatic mains are duplicated. Moreover, the less important Mi-28NE`s subsystems cover the more important ones. The helicopter`s pore spaces are filled with foamed material. The crew received armoured cabin and anti-blast seats with parachute rescue system. Mi-28NE is equipped with inflatable air bags to prevent collision of the crew with landing gear in case of emergency escape. Special attention was payed to fire protection, namely, fuel tanks and inflammable sections. Mi-28NE is supposed to get energy-attenuating landing gear. The helicopter`s canopy and cabin are protected from 12,7mm AP and 20mm/23mm HE-I rounds. The rotor blades can withstand several hits of 30mm HE rounds. Therefore the Mi-28NE`s probability of being hit by heavy machinegun and small-caliber guns has been reduced. Therefore, ZU-23-2 (supposed to be the most widespread AA gun of IS) should spend significantly more time and rounds to shoot down Night Hunter.
Mi-28NE is also equipped with modern onboard defence system, which includes laser/radar warning system (there is an option of missile warning installation). To increase the chance of MANPADS missiles avoiding, President-S electronic jamming station can be optionally fitted.
The Mi-28NE`s endurance toward MANPADS missiles has significantly increased in comparison with Mi-35M. Modern insurgent and terroristic group are shoring up their anti-air defence systems. Previously they had Soviet SA-7 Grails and US FIM-92A Stingers. At the time, IS is supposed to have 250-400 MANPADS (including FIM-92, FN-6, SA-7, SA-18, SA-24) and huge numbers of ZU-23-2 AA gun, DShK and M2HB machineguns. SA-24 MANPADS, captured by IS terrorists from the Syrian government armed forces pose the most significant threat to combat helicopters. The Chinese FN-6 MANPADS, acquired by Qatar for the Free Syrian Army and subsequently handed over to IS, should not be underestimated. At least, one Iraqi Mi-35M equipped with Ukrainian KT-01-AVE Adros electronic jamming station was shot down by FN-6 in October, 2014. IS also has several 23mm ZSU-23-4 Shilka self-propelled AA guns and 57mm AZP-57 towing AA guns.
Therefore, the Islamic State is rapidly beefing up its air defence. The terrorist group is supposed to follow such a trend in the near future. As a result, the heavy-protected combat helicopters (for instance, Mi-28NE) are required by anti-IS government forces to carry on air strikes.
Mil Mi-28NE attack helicopter
Pakistan is moving toward the acquisition of the Russian combat helicopters. During Dubai Airshow 2015 exhibition the Rostec Corporation`s director general Sergei Chemezov told, that Pakistan would start to receive the ordered Mi-35Ms in 2016. Islamabad gives a high rating to the Russian combat rotor-wing aircraft, as the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC) state company`s head, Air Marshal Javaid Ahmed told the European Defence Review during the Dubai airshow. "The quality of Russian defence production is outstanding," Ahmed said.
He pointed out, that Pakistan was working with Russian industry in several areas. "I hope, we will see breakthrough on several issues in the following next months," he pointed out. "Pakistan has recently acquired Russian Mi-35M combat helicopters. I suppose this deal is a king of progress (in Russian-Pakistan relations)", Ahmed added.
The PAC`s head highly appreciated Russian rotor-wing aircraft. "Previously, we acquired Mi-171 utility helicopters from Russia. They revealed to be reliable aircraft in our sandy climate conditions. We are reviewing some options to work closely with several Russian companies," Ahmed said.
He added, that Pakistan`s armed forces were demanding modern helicopters in relatively large quantities. "We are extensively using our rotor-wing aircraft in operations against terrorists. To this end, we need every piece of Russian defense production," the PAC`s head underscored.
Pakistan is ready to promote the military-technical cooperation with Russia, confirmed Pakistan Air Force`s (PAF) commander, Air Chief Marshal Sohail Aman during Dubai Airshow 2015. "The PAF are open for cooperation, we are eager to establish good relationship with different countries," Aman said. "We are estimating the probability to fulfill several projects, including those with Russia," he added.
"Why not? We should beef up relations with different countries, giving a helping hand and complementing each other. Aircraft engines constitute only one aspect of defense production. We should develop cooperation," Ahmed said. Therefore, the Pakistan military authorities are demonstrating their willingness to acquire and use Russian rotor-wing aircraft.
Mil Mi-35M attack helicopter
Taking into account the aforementioned data, several conclusions can be made. The modern battlefield requires for combat helicopters equipped with heavy ballistic protection and integrated EW suits. To hit armor and personnel targets effectively, these rotor-wing aircraft should have gun weapon, ATGMs, and unguided rockets. The required payload is supposed to be more, than 2000-2300 kg. The modern combat helicopters should be equipped with two spaced-apart engines, each having at least 2000 h.p.
Taking into account the financial constraints, as well as abovementioned requirements, Pakistan has only two options to be chosen from, namely, Russian Mi-28NE Night Hunter or US AH-1Z Viper. Both helicopters are at the same level in the terms of combat characteristics. Nevertheless, Mi-28NE has three key advantages over AH-1Z, namely, improved reliability in mountain and desert regions, less expensive life cycle cost, simplified requirements for crew training. In keeping with the aforementioned approach, the cost-effectiveness criterion seems to be the pivotal one, as different mishaps, not enemy fire account for most of combat helicopter losses on the modern battlefield.
The exploitation of AH-1Zs during OEF/OIF revealed that dust, sand and hot climate limited the operations of these helicopters. At the same time, Russian-made counterparts, namely, Mi-28NEs and Mi-35Ms presented themselves well in several countries of the Near East and Central Asia regions. On that premise, Russian combat helicopters seems to be the best option for the Pakistan`s armed forces in terms of fighting against terrorism.
© Copyright 2015 TASS.
Pakistan and combat helicopters in the war against terrorism
The role of combat helicopters on the modern battlefield is expanding due to the increasing Islamic State`s (IS) terroristic group activity and the anti-terroristic coalition`s backlash. Several countries from the Persian Gulf, the Near East and the Central Asia regions are paying a lot of attention to the issue, acquiring the modern Russian, US, and European helicopters to provide close air support to their own forces and effective destruction of the IS`s facilities.
At the same time, several countries are relying on obsolete Cold war-age platforms in fighting with Islamic State and other terroristic groups. One of such states is Pakistan, which continues to be a perspective customer for Russian combat helicopters.
There are several countries from the aforementioned regions, now fighting against IS. This list includes Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Bahrein, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan as the Near Eastern and Asian partners of the European members of the coalition. Helicopters play an important role in counter-terroristic actions (CTA). The air campaign of the Russian VKS (Vozdushno-Kosmicheskie Sily) against IS in Syria, being supported by several Mi-24Ps (Hind), proves their combat value.
From the aforementioned countries, Saudi Arabia has the strongest rotor-wing aircraft fleet. It comprises 15 helicopters, including 12 AH-64D Apache Longbow and three AH-64E Apache Guardian. The UAE has 30 AH-64Ds in its fleet. The Syria`s armed forces have 24 Mi-25s (export modification of Soviet Mi-24 Hind).
Iraq has recently upgraded its rotor-wing aircraft fleet, having received 16 Mi-35Ms and 11 Mi-28NE "Night Hunter" (Havoc-B) helicopters. According to the signed agreement, Russia is to supply to Iraq 24 Mi-35Ms and 19 Mi-28NEs in total before the midst of 2016.
Turkey has one of the strongest rotorcraft fleet in the region. It includes 18 AH-1Ps (Cobra), 12 AH-1S (Cobra), 6 AH-1W (Cobra), 4 TAH-1P (Cobra). The Turkish Aerospace Industries company (TAI) has started to supply the newest T-129 ATAK helicopters to the national armed forces. As of August 2015, nine T-129s had been delivered. Turkey`s armed forces intend to get 59 ATAKs in total, covering the requirement for modern combat helicopters. Pakistan has 38 AH-1F/S Cobras and one Mi-24 (in store). The Jordan`s rotor-wing aircraft fleet includes 25 AH-1Fs. The Bahrein`s Air Force has 16 AH-1Es, 12 AH-1Fs, 6 TAH-1Ps.
Now two countries are heavily relying on army aviation in fighting against terrorism, namely, Iraq and Pakistan. Baghdad has decided to buy modern helicopters, including well-protected Mi-28NEs. At the same time, the Islamabad`s rotor-wing aircraft fleet is suffering from several troubles. The obsolete Cobras supplied to Pakistan in 1984-1986 do not fully withstand the pressure of fighting against IS. Their level of protection fails to meet the modern standards. The AH-1F/S payload is limited to 1500 kg, and only four or eight AGM-114 Hellfire guided missiles can be installed.
Pakistan is suffering from the lack of spare parts for Cobras. This technical problem reduces the effectiveness of the Pakistan`s combat helicopter fleet backbone. AH-1F/S are becoming obsolete, and the upgrade of the Cobras seems to be unpractical. Therefore, now Islamabad is feeling a deep need in new combat rotor-wing aircraft acquisition.
Pakistan is actively seeking new ways to get helicopters for the national armed forces. Having declined the appropriate Islamabad`s requests for several times, In April 2015 the U.S. State Department took the final decision to approve the sales of 15 AH-1Z Vipers to Pakistan (previously Washington had declined the appropriate request for the helicopters several times for the reasons of human rights infringement by Islamabad). AH-1Z payload (2620 kg) is at the level of Mi-35V and Mi-28NE. Nevertheless, the Viper`s ballistic and missile protection is weaker in comparison with the "Night Hunter". At the same time, the AH-1Z`s price tag is significantly higher than the Mi-28NE`s one.
Pakistan is also conducting negotiations with China to acquire rotor-wing aircraft. In particular, Islamabad took the delivery of three Z-10 combat helicopters from Chinese company CAIC (Changhe Aircraft Industries Corporation). Nevertheless, the combat effectiveness of these rotorcraft is being doubted by some Western analytics. They have never been tested in combat environment. Z-10 carries smaller payload (approximately 1500 kg) in comparison with Mi-35M, Mi-28NE, or AH-1Z. It is equipped with two WZ-9 engines, which come short of power in comparison with Russian Klimov VK-2500-2 and US General Electric T700-GE-401C. Being underpowered, Z-10 cannot fly with full payload.
Meanwhile, modern well-protected helicopters are strongly sought-for. According to the investigation conducted by US Department of Defence-led Joint Aircraft Survivability Program Office (JASPO) and Institute for Defence Analyses (IDA), man-portable air defence systems (MANPADS) and rocket-propelled RPG grenades pose the most significant threat to rotor-wing aircraft on the modern battlefield. JASPO and IDA have come to the conclusion, that in the course of Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (in Afghanistan and Iraq, respectively) operations (OEF/OIF) between October 2001 and September 2009 combat losses (including aircraft shootdown by enemy fire) accounted for 19 % of all loses. Meanwhile, different mishaps accounted for the remaining 81 %. 73 % of fatalities occurred in combat theater. In total, 496 accidents took place within the prescribed period, and 375 rotor-wing aircraft were lost.
In comparison with the Vietnam War, the losses/flight time ratio reduced by seven times and consisted 2,71 lost helicopters for 100000 flight hours (reduction by seven times). Nevertheless, this figure excels the limit set by the US Congress and Pentagon (0,5 lost rotor-wing aircraft for 100000 flight hours).
The US armed forces have lost in combat 70 helicopters within the prescribed period. Different mishaps during combat during accounted for 157 rotor-wing aircraft. 148 more helicopters were lost in non-combat environment.
The losses of AH-64A/AH-64D Apache Longbow helicopters in the aforementioned conflicts are important for the estimation of modern helicopters` combat effectiveness on the battlefield. Between October, 2001 and September, 2009 11 AH-64s in Iraq and Afghanistan were lost due to the enemy fire: two in 2003, two in 2004, one in 2005, three in 2006, three in 2007. Different mishaps in combat environment accounted for 31 more Apaches: two in 2002, six in 2003, five in 2004, seven in 2005, four in 2006, six in 2007, and one in 2009. The US armed forces lost 26 rotor-wing aircraft in non-hostile environment within the prescribed period: seven in 2002, three in 2003, three in 2004, seven in 2005, two in 2006, three in 2007, and one in 2009. In total, the US armed forces lost 68 AH-64A/AH-64D between October, 2001 and September, 2009, including 11 in combat environment (16 %).
The ageing AH-1 Cobra/Super Cobra helicopters also suffered some combat losses during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom, namely, five rotor-wing aircraft. One AH-1 was lost in 2003, two in 2004, one in 2006, one in 2008. Non-hostile mishaps accounted for 5 Cobras: one in 2002, two in 2003, one in 2004, one in 2009. In total, the US armed forces lost 15 AH-1s between October 2001 and September 2009, including five in combat environment (33 %).
Modern researches point out the reduction of all types of rotor-wing aircraft losses in Iraq and Afghanistan in comparison with the Vietnam War. This trend was defined by the installation of new equipment and avionics, additional armour of cockpit, protected and shockproof fuel systems. In particular, UH-60 Blackhawk utility helicopter can fly for at least 30 minutes, having been hit by a single 7,62mm armour-piercing incendiary bullet. AH-64A/AH-64D`s armour protection is significantly heavier.
Small arms and light weapons (SALW) have been the most significant threat to the helicopters both in Vietnam and in Iraq/Afghanistan. SALW accounted for 94 % of combat losses during the Vietnam War and for 31 % during the OIF/OEF. SALW is supposed to be the most significant threat to rotor-wing aircraft in the years to come. The danger, emanating from MANPADS and rocket-propelled grenades has increased. Modern combat helicopters are heavily protected from bullets, meanwhile being relatively vulnerable to MANPDAS missiles.
Within the prescribed period the Iraqi and Afghanistan militants didn`t use radar-guided missile systems or anti-aircraft (AA) guns. The most powerful AA means, exploited by them, were MANPADS. Nevertheless, the sphere of the IS`s influence is spreading, and the terroristic group can get surface-to-air missile systems (SAM) in the near future, and the threat emanating from this kind of weapons may increase. Moreover, the video records produced by IS point out that the terrorists have weapons captured from the Iraqi government forces. Therefore, IS may obtain SAM systems. In this case Supercobras/Vipers and Mi-35Ms will remain short of Mi-28NEs and AH-64D/Es.
The US experts recommend equipping combat helicopters with electronic warfare systems, IR jammers and other countermeasures, flares, anti-blast seats for crew, threat detection systems, missile-warning equipment, and fly-by-wire systems. The upgrade of helicopters` crashworthiness level is also suggested. Therefore, Mi-28NEs being already equipped with the aforementioned hardware would have superiority over Mi-35Ms in fighting against IS in the regions of the Near East and Asia.
Mi-35M is the latest modification of the world-famous Hind, while Mi-28NE is a helicopter designed from the scratch with a glance to the Afghan war (1979-1989) combat experience. The conditions of this conflict are similar to those of war against the IS terroristic group.
Mi-28NE`s gun weapon has several advantages over the Mi-35M`s one. Night Hunter is equipped with NPPU-28 gun mount with 30mm 2A42 gun (widely used in Russian armed forces BMP-2 infantry fighting vehicle is also equipped with 2A42 gun). Its ammunition load includes 300 rounds. 2A42 uses four types of ammunition, namely armour-piercing (AP) 3UBR6 and 3UBR8, high-explosive (HE) fragmentation incendiary 3UOF8, fragmentation incendiary 3UOR6. 3UBR6 and 3UBR8 shells can effectively hit armoured vehicles at the 1000 m and 1500 m, relatively. Foreign operators of 2A42 gun also have an option to use armour piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) shells produced by Swiss, Belgian, Bulgarian, Czech, and Slovak companies. 2A42 gun can hit personnel targets at the 2000-4000 m (depending on the type of shell).
In comparison with Night Hunter, the Mi-35M`s gun weapon is less powerful. The helicopter is equipped with NPPU-23 gun mount with 23mm GSh-23L gun. Its ammunition load includes 450 rounds. GSh-23L uses several types of ammunition, namely, HE tracer OFZ-23-AM-GSh, HE incendiary tracer OFZT-23-AM-GSh, AP incendiary tracer BZT-23-AM-GSh and BZT-23-GSH, HE incendiary FZ-23-GSh and FZ-23-GSh-N, AP explosive BR-23-AMGSh, multiple-element ME-23-GSh.
In the terms of armour penetration and behind-armour-effect, 23x115mm rounds of GSh-23L are inferior to 30x165mm rounds of 2A42. GSh-23L can hit hard targets at 1000-1500 m, and soft targets - at 2000 m. Only Russian and Chinese batch-produced aircraft are equipped with GSh-23/GH-23L. Therefore, the range of foreign ammunition types for the gun is restricted, and the aforementioned Russian rounds are delivered with helicopters and planes to foreign customers. GSh-23L has only one advantage over 2A42, namely, the ability to fire multiple-element round ME-23-GSh. It has a high degree of effectiveness against personnel targets and uncovered aircraft. Therefore, Mi-28N`s gun weapon is more effective in fighting against terroristic groups than the Mi-35M`s one.
The Night Hunter`s payload (2400 kg) significantly exceeds the Hind-M`s one (2100 kg). In addition to that, Mi-28NE can use more types of weapons.
Mi-35M`s range of armament subsystems includes UPK-23 gun pods with two GSh-23L guns (250 rounds per pod), B8V20-A 20-tube unguided rocket launchers for 80mm S-8 family of rockets, B13L1 5-tube unguided rocket launchers for 122mm S-13 family of rockets, up to 16 AT-6 Spiral or AT-9 Spiral-2 anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM) in two pods. Mi-28NE can also use the aforementioned systems. While Mi-35M is equipped with AT-6 ATGMs as the standard anti-tank weapon, Mi-28NE uses AT-9. Night Hunter also can fire air-to-air 9M39 Igla-V missiles included in the Strelets system.
Mi-28NE`s level of protection significantly increases the Mi-35M`s one. In comparison with Mi-24V, Mi-35M`s armour hasn`t been essentially upgraded. During the Afghan war DShK, M2/M2HB machineguns, and ZGU-1, ZPU-1/ZPU-2/ZPU-4, ZU-23-2 AA guns posed the main threat to the Soviet Mi-24Vs. The aforementioned weapon can effectively hit not only the previous Hind modification, but also Mi-35Ms.
During the development of Mi-28NE, its designers payed significant attention to the helicopter`s ballistic protection. Two VK-2500-2 engines are separated and shielded by the airframe components. The blades of both main and auxiliary rotors are made of durable composites. The fueling, hydraulic, and pneumatic mains are duplicated. Moreover, the less important Mi-28NE`s subsystems cover the more important ones. The helicopter`s pore spaces are filled with foamed material. The crew received armoured cabin and anti-blast seats with parachute rescue system. Mi-28NE is equipped with inflatable air bags to prevent collision of the crew with landing gear in case of emergency escape. Special attention was payed to fire protection, namely, fuel tanks and inflammable sections. Mi-28NE is supposed to get energy-attenuating landing gear. The helicopter`s canopy and cabin are protected from 12,7mm AP and 20mm/23mm HE-I rounds. The rotor blades can withstand several hits of 30mm HE rounds. Therefore the Mi-28NE`s probability of being hit by heavy machinegun and small-caliber guns has been reduced. Therefore, ZU-23-2 (supposed to be the most widespread AA gun of IS) should spend significantly more time and rounds to shoot down Night Hunter.
Mi-28NE is also equipped with modern onboard defence system, which includes laser/radar warning system (there is an option of missile warning installation). To increase the chance of MANPADS missiles avoiding, President-S electronic jamming station can be optionally fitted.
The Mi-28NE`s endurance toward MANPADS missiles has significantly increased in comparison with Mi-35M. Modern insurgent and terroristic group are shoring up their anti-air defence systems. Previously they had Soviet SA-7 Grails and US FIM-92A Stingers. At the time, IS is supposed to have 250-400 MANPADS (including FIM-92, FN-6, SA-7, SA-18, SA-24) and huge numbers of ZU-23-2 AA gun, DShK and M2HB machineguns. SA-24 MANPADS, captured by IS terrorists from the Syrian government armed forces pose the most significant threat to combat helicopters. The Chinese FN-6 MANPADS, acquired by Qatar for the Free Syrian Army and subsequently handed over to IS, should not be underestimated. At least, one Iraqi Mi-35M equipped with Ukrainian KT-01-AVE Adros electronic jamming station was shot down by FN-6 in October, 2014. IS also has several 23mm ZSU-23-4 Shilka self-propelled AA guns and 57mm AZP-57 towing AA guns.
Therefore, the Islamic State is rapidly beefing up its air defence. The terrorist group is supposed to follow such a trend in the near future. As a result, the heavy-protected combat helicopters (for instance, Mi-28NE) are required by anti-IS government forces to carry on air strikes.
Pakistan is moving toward the acquisition of the Russian combat helicopters. During Dubai Airshow 2015 exhibition the Rostec Corporation`s director general Sergei Chemezov told, that Pakistan would start to receive the ordered Mi-35Ms in 2016. Islamabad gives a high rating to the Russian combat rotor-wing aircraft, as the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC) state company`s head, Air Marshal Javaid Ahmed told the European Defence Review during the Dubai airshow. "The quality of Russian defence production is outstanding," Ahmed said.
He pointed out, that Pakistan was working with Russian industry in several areas. "I hope, we will see breakthrough on several issues in the following next months," he pointed out. "Pakistan has recently acquired Russian Mi-35M combat helicopters. I suppose this deal is a king of progress (in Russian-Pakistan relations)", Ahmed added.
The PAC`s head highly appreciated Russian rotor-wing aircraft. "Previously, we acquired Mi-171 utility helicopters from Russia. They revealed to be reliable aircraft in our sandy climate conditions. We are reviewing some options to work closely with several Russian companies," Ahmed said.
He added, that Pakistan`s armed forces were demanding modern helicopters in relatively large quantities. "We are extensively using our rotor-wing aircraft in operations against terrorists. To this end, we need every piece of Russian defense production," the PAC`s head underscored.
Pakistan is ready to promote the military-technical cooperation with Russia, confirmed Pakistan Air Force`s (PAF) commander, Air Chief Marshal Sohail Aman during Dubai Airshow 2015. "The PAF are open for cooperation, we are eager to establish good relationship with different countries," Aman said. "We are estimating the probability to fulfill several projects, including those with Russia," he added.
"Why not? We should beef up relations with different countries, giving a helping hand and complementing each other. Aircraft engines constitute only one aspect of defense production. We should develop cooperation," Ahmed said. Therefore, the Pakistan military authorities are demonstrating their willingness to acquire and use Russian rotor-wing aircraft.
Taking into account the aforementioned data, several conclusions can be made. The modern battlefield requires for combat helicopters equipped with heavy ballistic protection and integrated EW suits. To hit armor and personnel targets effectively, these rotor-wing aircraft should have gun weapon, ATGMs, and unguided rockets. The required payload is supposed to be more, than 2000-2300 kg. The modern combat helicopters should be equipped with two spaced-apart engines, each having at least 2000 h.p.
Taking into account the financial constraints, as well as abovementioned requirements, Pakistan has only two options to be chosen from, namely, Russian Mi-28NE Night Hunter or US AH-1Z Viper. Both helicopters are at the same level in the terms of combat characteristics. Nevertheless, Mi-28NE has three key advantages over AH-1Z, namely, improved reliability in mountain and desert regions, less expensive life cycle cost, simplified requirements for crew training. In keeping with the aforementioned approach, the cost-effectiveness criterion seems to be the pivotal one, as different mishaps, not enemy fire account for most of combat helicopter losses on the modern battlefield.
The exploitation of AH-1Zs during OEF/OIF revealed that dust, sand and hot climate limited the operations of these helicopters. At the same time, Russian-made counterparts, namely, Mi-28NEs and Mi-35Ms presented themselves well in several countries of the Near East and Central Asia regions. On that premise, Russian combat helicopters seems to be the best option for the Pakistan`s armed forces in terms of fighting against terrorism.
© Copyright 2015 TASS.
We still running in circles it's 2020 now I hope Army would make her mind about Attack Heli Mi28 has same engine like Mi35 and Mi17 better procure it make badges like 15 Heli at one time and replace all cobras along unless Atak 2 with turkish engine not materializedWorld Defense & Security News - Russia & Pakistan
Pakistan and combat helicopters in the war against terrorism
The role of combat helicopters on the modern battlefield is expanding due to the increasing Islamic State`s (IS) terroristic group activity and the anti-terroristic coalition`s backlash. Several countries from the Persian Gulf, the Near East and the Central Asia regions are paying a lot of attention to the issue, acquiring the modern Russian, US, and European helicopters to provide close air support to their own forces and effective destruction of the IS`s facilities.
Bell AH-1Z Viper attack helicopter
At the same time, several countries are relying on obsolete Cold war-age platforms in fighting with Islamic State and other terroristic groups. One of such states is Pakistan, which continues to be a perspective customer for Russian combat helicopters.
There are several countries from the aforementioned regions, now fighting against IS. This list includes Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Bahrein, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan as the Near Eastern and Asian partners of the European members of the coalition. Helicopters play an important role in counter-terroristic actions (CTA). The air campaign of the Russian VKS (Vozdushno-Kosmicheskie Sily) against IS in Syria, being supported by several Mi-24Ps (Hind), proves their combat value.
From the aforementioned countries, Saudi Arabia has the strongest rotor-wing aircraft fleet. It comprises 15 helicopters, including 12 AH-64D Apache Longbow and three AH-64E Apache Guardian. The UAE has 30 AH-64Ds in its fleet. The Syria`s armed forces have 24 Mi-25s (export modification of Soviet Mi-24 Hind).
Iraq has recently upgraded its rotor-wing aircraft fleet, having received 16 Mi-35Ms and 11 Mi-28NE "Night Hunter" (Havoc-B) helicopters. According to the signed agreement, Russia is to supply to Iraq 24 Mi-35Ms and 19 Mi-28NEs in total before the midst of 2016.
Turkey has one of the strongest rotorcraft fleet in the region. It includes 18 AH-1Ps (Cobra), 12 AH-1S (Cobra), 6 AH-1W (Cobra), 4 TAH-1P (Cobra). The Turkish Aerospace Industries company (TAI) has started to supply the newest T-129 ATAK helicopters to the national armed forces. As of August 2015, nine T-129s had been delivered. Turkey`s armed forces intend to get 59 ATAKs in total, covering the requirement for modern combat helicopters. Pakistan has 38 AH-1F/S Cobras and one Mi-24 (in store). The Jordan`s rotor-wing aircraft fleet includes 25 AH-1Fs. The Bahrein`s Air Force has 16 AH-1Es, 12 AH-1Fs, 6 TAH-1Ps.
Now two countries are heavily relying on army aviation in fighting against terrorism, namely, Iraq and Pakistan. Baghdad has decided to buy modern helicopters, including well-protected Mi-28NEs. At the same time, the Islamabad`s rotor-wing aircraft fleet is suffering from several troubles. The obsolete Cobras supplied to Pakistan in 1984-1986 do not fully withstand the pressure of fighting against IS. Their level of protection fails to meet the modern standards. The AH-1F/S payload is limited to 1500 kg, and only four or eight AGM-114 Hellfire guided missiles can be installed.
Pakistan is suffering from the lack of spare parts for Cobras. This technical problem reduces the effectiveness of the Pakistan`s combat helicopter fleet backbone. AH-1F/S are becoming obsolete, and the upgrade of the Cobras seems to be unpractical. Therefore, now Islamabad is feeling a deep need in new combat rotor-wing aircraft acquisition.
Pakistan is actively seeking new ways to get helicopters for the national armed forces. Having declined the appropriate Islamabad`s requests for several times, In April 2015 the U.S. State Department took the final decision to approve the sales of 15 AH-1Z Vipers to Pakistan (previously Washington had declined the appropriate request for the helicopters several times for the reasons of human rights infringement by Islamabad). AH-1Z payload (2620 kg) is at the level of Mi-35V and Mi-28NE. Nevertheless, the Viper`s ballistic and missile protection is weaker in comparison with the "Night Hunter". At the same time, the AH-1Z`s price tag is significantly higher than the Mi-28NE`s one.
CAIC Z-10 attack helicopter
Pakistan is also conducting negotiations with China to acquire rotor-wing aircraft. In particular, Islamabad took the delivery of three Z-10 combat helicopters from Chinese company CAIC (Changhe Aircraft Industries Corporation). Nevertheless, the combat effectiveness of these rotorcraft is being doubted by some Western analytics. They have never been tested in combat environment. Z-10 carries smaller payload (approximately 1500 kg) in comparison with Mi-35M, Mi-28NE, or AH-1Z. It is equipped with two WZ-9 engines, which come short of power in comparison with Russian Klimov VK-2500-2 and US General Electric T700-GE-401C. Being underpowered, Z-10 cannot fly with full payload.
Meanwhile, modern well-protected helicopters are strongly sought-for. According to the investigation conducted by US Department of Defence-led Joint Aircraft Survivability Program Office (JASPO) and Institute for Defence Analyses (IDA), man-portable air defence systems (MANPADS) and rocket-propelled RPG grenades pose the most significant threat to rotor-wing aircraft on the modern battlefield. JASPO and IDA have come to the conclusion, that in the course of Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (in Afghanistan and Iraq, respectively) operations (OEF/OIF) between October 2001 and September 2009 combat losses (including aircraft shootdown by enemy fire) accounted for 19 % of all loses. Meanwhile, different mishaps accounted for the remaining 81 %. 73 % of fatalities occurred in combat theater. In total, 496 accidents took place within the prescribed period, and 375 rotor-wing aircraft were lost.
In comparison with the Vietnam War, the losses/flight time ratio reduced by seven times and consisted 2,71 lost helicopters for 100000 flight hours (reduction by seven times). Nevertheless, this figure excels the limit set by the US Congress and Pentagon (0,5 lost rotor-wing aircraft for 100000 flight hours).
The US armed forces have lost in combat 70 helicopters within the prescribed period. Different mishaps during combat during accounted for 157 rotor-wing aircraft. 148 more helicopters were lost in non-combat environment.
The losses of AH-64A/AH-64D Apache Longbow helicopters in the aforementioned conflicts are important for the estimation of modern helicopters` combat effectiveness on the battlefield. Between October, 2001 and September, 2009 11 AH-64s in Iraq and Afghanistan were lost due to the enemy fire: two in 2003, two in 2004, one in 2005, three in 2006, three in 2007. Different mishaps in combat environment accounted for 31 more Apaches: two in 2002, six in 2003, five in 2004, seven in 2005, four in 2006, six in 2007, and one in 2009. The US armed forces lost 26 rotor-wing aircraft in non-hostile environment within the prescribed period: seven in 2002, three in 2003, three in 2004, seven in 2005, two in 2006, three in 2007, and one in 2009. In total, the US armed forces lost 68 AH-64A/AH-64D between October, 2001 and September, 2009, including 11 in combat environment (16 %).
The ageing AH-1 Cobra/Super Cobra helicopters also suffered some combat losses during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom, namely, five rotor-wing aircraft. One AH-1 was lost in 2003, two in 2004, one in 2006, one in 2008. Non-hostile mishaps accounted for 5 Cobras: one in 2002, two in 2003, one in 2004, one in 2009. In total, the US armed forces lost 15 AH-1s between October 2001 and September 2009, including five in combat environment (33 %).
Modern researches point out the reduction of all types of rotor-wing aircraft losses in Iraq and Afghanistan in comparison with the Vietnam War. This trend was defined by the installation of new equipment and avionics, additional armour of cockpit, protected and shockproof fuel systems. In particular, UH-60 Blackhawk utility helicopter can fly for at least 30 minutes, having been hit by a single 7,62mm armour-piercing incendiary bullet. AH-64A/AH-64D`s armour protection is significantly heavier.
Small arms and light weapons (SALW) have been the most significant threat to the helicopters both in Vietnam and in Iraq/Afghanistan. SALW accounted for 94 % of combat losses during the Vietnam War and for 31 % during the OIF/OEF. SALW is supposed to be the most significant threat to rotor-wing aircraft in the years to come. The danger, emanating from MANPADS and rocket-propelled grenades has increased. Modern combat helicopters are heavily protected from bullets, meanwhile being relatively vulnerable to MANPDAS missiles.
Within the prescribed period the Iraqi and Afghanistan militants didn`t use radar-guided missile systems or anti-aircraft (AA) guns. The most powerful AA means, exploited by them, were MANPADS. Nevertheless, the sphere of the IS`s influence is spreading, and the terroristic group can get surface-to-air missile systems (SAM) in the near future, and the threat emanating from this kind of weapons may increase. Moreover, the video records produced by IS point out that the terrorists have weapons captured from the Iraqi government forces. Therefore, IS may obtain SAM systems. In this case Supercobras/Vipers and Mi-35Ms will remain short of Mi-28NEs and AH-64D/Es.
The US experts recommend equipping combat helicopters with electronic warfare systems, IR jammers and other countermeasures, flares, anti-blast seats for crew, threat detection systems, missile-warning equipment, and fly-by-wire systems. The upgrade of helicopters` crashworthiness level is also suggested. Therefore, Mi-28NEs being already equipped with the aforementioned hardware would have superiority over Mi-35Ms in fighting against IS in the regions of the Near East and Asia.
Mi-35M is the latest modification of the world-famous Hind, while Mi-28NE is a helicopter designed from the scratch with a glance to the Afghan war (1979-1989) combat experience. The conditions of this conflict are similar to those of war against the IS terroristic group.
Boeing AH-64E Apache Guardian attack helicopter
Mi-28NE`s gun weapon has several advantages over the Mi-35M`s one. Night Hunter is equipped with NPPU-28 gun mount with 30mm 2A42 gun (widely used in Russian armed forces BMP-2 infantry fighting vehicle is also equipped with 2A42 gun). Its ammunition load includes 300 rounds. 2A42 uses four types of ammunition, namely armour-piercing (AP) 3UBR6 and 3UBR8, high-explosive (HE) fragmentation incendiary 3UOF8, fragmentation incendiary 3UOR6. 3UBR6 and 3UBR8 shells can effectively hit armoured vehicles at the 1000 m and 1500 m, relatively. Foreign operators of 2A42 gun also have an option to use armour piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) shells produced by Swiss, Belgian, Bulgarian, Czech, and Slovak companies. 2A42 gun can hit personnel targets at the 2000-4000 m (depending on the type of shell).
In comparison with Night Hunter, the Mi-35M`s gun weapon is less powerful. The helicopter is equipped with NPPU-23 gun mount with 23mm GSh-23L gun. Its ammunition load includes 450 rounds. GSh-23L uses several types of ammunition, namely, HE tracer OFZ-23-AM-GSh, HE incendiary tracer OFZT-23-AM-GSh, AP incendiary tracer BZT-23-AM-GSh and BZT-23-GSH, HE incendiary FZ-23-GSh and FZ-23-GSh-N, AP explosive BR-23-AMGSh, multiple-element ME-23-GSh.
In the terms of armour penetration and behind-armour-effect, 23x115mm rounds of GSh-23L are inferior to 30x165mm rounds of 2A42. GSh-23L can hit hard targets at 1000-1500 m, and soft targets - at 2000 m. Only Russian and Chinese batch-produced aircraft are equipped with GSh-23/GH-23L. Therefore, the range of foreign ammunition types for the gun is restricted, and the aforementioned Russian rounds are delivered with helicopters and planes to foreign customers. GSh-23L has only one advantage over 2A42, namely, the ability to fire multiple-element round ME-23-GSh. It has a high degree of effectiveness against personnel targets and uncovered aircraft. Therefore, Mi-28N`s gun weapon is more effective in fighting against terroristic groups than the Mi-35M`s one.
The Night Hunter`s payload (2400 kg) significantly exceeds the Hind-M`s one (2100 kg). In addition to that, Mi-28NE can use more types of weapons.
Mi-35M`s range of armament subsystems includes UPK-23 gun pods with two GSh-23L guns (250 rounds per pod), B8V20-A 20-tube unguided rocket launchers for 80mm S-8 family of rockets, B13L1 5-tube unguided rocket launchers for 122mm S-13 family of rockets, up to 16 AT-6 Spiral or AT-9 Spiral-2 anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM) in two pods. Mi-28NE can also use the aforementioned systems. While Mi-35M is equipped with AT-6 ATGMs as the standard anti-tank weapon, Mi-28NE uses AT-9. Night Hunter also can fire air-to-air 9M39 Igla-V missiles included in the Strelets system.
Mi-28NE`s level of protection significantly increases the Mi-35M`s one. In comparison with Mi-24V, Mi-35M`s armour hasn`t been essentially upgraded. During the Afghan war DShK, M2/M2HB machineguns, and ZGU-1, ZPU-1/ZPU-2/ZPU-4, ZU-23-2 AA guns posed the main threat to the Soviet Mi-24Vs. The aforementioned weapon can effectively hit not only the previous Hind modification, but also Mi-35Ms.
TAI T129 ATAK attack helicopter
During the development of Mi-28NE, its designers payed significant attention to the helicopter`s ballistic protection. Two VK-2500-2 engines are separated and shielded by the airframe components. The blades of both main and auxiliary rotors are made of durable composites. The fueling, hydraulic, and pneumatic mains are duplicated. Moreover, the less important Mi-28NE`s subsystems cover the more important ones. The helicopter`s pore spaces are filled with foamed material. The crew received armoured cabin and anti-blast seats with parachute rescue system. Mi-28NE is equipped with inflatable air bags to prevent collision of the crew with landing gear in case of emergency escape. Special attention was payed to fire protection, namely, fuel tanks and inflammable sections. Mi-28NE is supposed to get energy-attenuating landing gear. The helicopter`s canopy and cabin are protected from 12,7mm AP and 20mm/23mm HE-I rounds. The rotor blades can withstand several hits of 30mm HE rounds. Therefore the Mi-28NE`s probability of being hit by heavy machinegun and small-caliber guns has been reduced. Therefore, ZU-23-2 (supposed to be the most widespread AA gun of IS) should spend significantly more time and rounds to shoot down Night Hunter.
Mi-28NE is also equipped with modern onboard defence system, which includes laser/radar warning system (there is an option of missile warning installation). To increase the chance of MANPADS missiles avoiding, President-S electronic jamming station can be optionally fitted.
The Mi-28NE`s endurance toward MANPADS missiles has significantly increased in comparison with Mi-35M. Modern insurgent and terroristic group are shoring up their anti-air defence systems. Previously they had Soviet SA-7 Grails and US FIM-92A Stingers. At the time, IS is supposed to have 250-400 MANPADS (including FIM-92, FN-6, SA-7, SA-18, SA-24) and huge numbers of ZU-23-2 AA gun, DShK and M2HB machineguns. SA-24 MANPADS, captured by IS terrorists from the Syrian government armed forces pose the most significant threat to combat helicopters. The Chinese FN-6 MANPADS, acquired by Qatar for the Free Syrian Army and subsequently handed over to IS, should not be underestimated. At least, one Iraqi Mi-35M equipped with Ukrainian KT-01-AVE Adros electronic jamming station was shot down by FN-6 in October, 2014. IS also has several 23mm ZSU-23-4 Shilka self-propelled AA guns and 57mm AZP-57 towing AA guns.
Therefore, the Islamic State is rapidly beefing up its air defence. The terrorist group is supposed to follow such a trend in the near future. As a result, the heavy-protected combat helicopters (for instance, Mi-28NE) are required by anti-IS government forces to carry on air strikes.
Mil Mi-28NE attack helicopter
Pakistan is moving toward the acquisition of the Russian combat helicopters. During Dubai Airshow 2015 exhibition the Rostec Corporation`s director general Sergei Chemezov told, that Pakistan would start to receive the ordered Mi-35Ms in 2016. Islamabad gives a high rating to the Russian combat rotor-wing aircraft, as the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC) state company`s head, Air Marshal Javaid Ahmed told the European Defence Review during the Dubai airshow. "The quality of Russian defence production is outstanding," Ahmed said.
He pointed out, that Pakistan was working with Russian industry in several areas. "I hope, we will see breakthrough on several issues in the following next months," he pointed out. "Pakistan has recently acquired Russian Mi-35M combat helicopters. I suppose this deal is a king of progress (in Russian-Pakistan relations)", Ahmed added.
The PAC`s head highly appreciated Russian rotor-wing aircraft. "Previously, we acquired Mi-171 utility helicopters from Russia. They revealed to be reliable aircraft in our sandy climate conditions. We are reviewing some options to work closely with several Russian companies," Ahmed said.
He added, that Pakistan`s armed forces were demanding modern helicopters in relatively large quantities. "We are extensively using our rotor-wing aircraft in operations against terrorists. To this end, we need every piece of Russian defense production," the PAC`s head underscored.
Pakistan is ready to promote the military-technical cooperation with Russia, confirmed Pakistan Air Force`s (PAF) commander, Air Chief Marshal Sohail Aman during Dubai Airshow 2015. "The PAF are open for cooperation, we are eager to establish good relationship with different countries," Aman said. "We are estimating the probability to fulfill several projects, including those with Russia," he added.
"Why not? We should beef up relations with different countries, giving a helping hand and complementing each other. Aircraft engines constitute only one aspect of defense production. We should develop cooperation," Ahmed said. Therefore, the Pakistan military authorities are demonstrating their willingness to acquire and use Russian rotor-wing aircraft.
Mil Mi-35M attack helicopter
Taking into account the aforementioned data, several conclusions can be made. The modern battlefield requires for combat helicopters equipped with heavy ballistic protection and integrated EW suits. To hit armor and personnel targets effectively, these rotor-wing aircraft should have gun weapon, ATGMs, and unguided rockets. The required payload is supposed to be more, than 2000-2300 kg. The modern combat helicopters should be equipped with two spaced-apart engines, each having at least 2000 h.p.
Taking into account the financial constraints, as well as abovementioned requirements, Pakistan has only two options to be chosen from, namely, Russian Mi-28NE Night Hunter or US AH-1Z Viper. Both helicopters are at the same level in the terms of combat characteristics. Nevertheless, Mi-28NE has three key advantages over AH-1Z, namely, improved reliability in mountain and desert regions, less expensive life cycle cost, simplified requirements for crew training. In keeping with the aforementioned approach, the cost-effectiveness criterion seems to be the pivotal one, as different mishaps, not enemy fire account for most of combat helicopter losses on the modern battlefield.
The exploitation of AH-1Zs during OEF/OIF revealed that dust, sand and hot climate limited the operations of these helicopters. At the same time, Russian-made counterparts, namely, Mi-28NEs and Mi-35Ms presented themselves well in several countries of the Near East and Central Asia regions. On that premise, Russian combat helicopters seems to be the best option for the Pakistan`s armed forces in terms of fighting against terrorism.
© Copyright 2015 TASS.
I believe reason AH-1Z was chosen was that they were financed by reimbursement funds which wont be released at least under Trump. If Pakistan has to pay approx $1bn from it's own pocket it would rather spend it on F-16 upgrades.
Reason why AH-1Z and T-129 are preferred are because they had better high altitude performance over the Chinese and Russian options which are apparently more heavily armored.
I think PA has to look at Jordan's AH-1 upgrade program which adds another 20yrs to the old airframes and avionics from the Zulu. Makes sense as gives a breathing space to wait for T-129s as well as if WZ-10 chosen can give us more time to ponder or request customization.
https://www.arabianaerospace.aero/modernised-cobras-give-rjaf-extra-bite.html
https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zo...-offer-big-capabilities-without-the-price-tag
Jordan is in the process of upgrading some of its AH-1F Cobra gunship helicopters to a new standard that incorporates many features similar, or outright identical, to those on the latest AH-1Z model. The update package could potentially serve as a model for other countries looking to upgrade their existing AH-1s or for military forces considering buying Cobras for the first time on the growing secondary market.
The Jordanian Air Force displayed one of the modified helicopters during the country’s biennial Special Operations Forces Exhibition, or SOFEX, which took place at Marka Airport in the capital Amman in May 2018. According to a report from Aviation International News, Jordan has taken delivery of two of the updated gunships from American contractor Science & Engineering Services (SES) for training purposes, but they will have to go back to the United States for additional live-fire testing.
PENTAGON TO SELL-OFF ITS AH-1W SUPER COBRA ATTACK HELICOPTER FLEETBy Tyler RogowayPosted in THE WAR ZONE
WHOMP OVER THE DESERT FLOOR IN AN AH-1Z ATTACK HELICOPTERBy Tyler RogowayPosted in THE WAR ZONE
LATEST BELL UH-1Y "VENOM" VARIANT OF THE ICONIC HUEY FINDS AN EXPORT CUSTOMERBy Tyler RogowayPosted in THE WAR ZONE
BLACKWATER FOUNDER'S PRIVATE AFGHAN AIR ARM PITCH INCLUDED AN-26 GUNSHIPS AND AH-1 COBRASBy Joseph TrevithickPosted in THE WAR ZONE
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Jordan is looking to upgrade 12 AH-1Fs in total, but it has a number of additional E and F models in service, including 16 it acquired from Israel in 2015, that it could put through the update program if it chose to do so. We have reached out SES for additional information, but at the time of writing we had not yet heard back about our queries.
However many helicopters the Jordanian Air Force eventually decides to upgrade, they will be significantly more capable than they had been in their previous configurations. The new versions will feature an Integrated Avionics System from Northrop Grumman that is the same as the one found on the latest new production twin-engine AH-1Z Zulu Cobras, also known as Vipers, from Bell.
Armada International@arm_magazine
https://twitter.com/arm_magazine/status/996260499984547840
Royal Jordanian Air Force’s modernisation programme is upgrading 12 of its 20 Bell AH-1F/S Cobras, with one of the first on display at SOFEX 2018. https://armadainternational.com/2018/05/hellfire-compatible-cobra-on-display/?utm_source=twitter …
8
10:26 AM - May 15, 2018
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This suite has an LN-251 inertial navigation system using a fiber-optic gyroscope. It also replaces a number of analog systems in the front and rear cockpits with large flat-panel multi-function displays by L3. New AN/ARC-210 radios from Rockwell Collins round out the major cockpit updates.
This comprehensive upgrade significantly reduces strain on operators who no longer have to keep track of the readouts from a mix of analog gauges, optical scopes, and antiquated heads-up displays. The U.S. Army is putting its older UH-60 Black Hawks through a similar and relatively low-cost update program for many of the same reasons.
Tyler Rogoway@Aviation_Intel
· Dec 31, 2017
Watch this Whisky Cobra make a gun and rocket attack as seen through the pilot's HUD (yes! The AH-1W had a HUD!)https://youtu.be/4NERBxn_nJU
YouTube at @YouTube
Tyler Rogoway@Aviation_Intel
Here's the HUD setup in the AH-1W.
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5:42 AM - Dec 31, 2017
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The new Jordanian helicopters also have an improved OrbitalATK AN/AAR-47 missile approach warning system coupled with an Extant Aerospace AN/ALE-47 dispenser able to fire decoy flares and chaff. It’s not clear if there are any additional updates to the gunship’s defensive sensor suite and countermeasures systems planned for the future.
BELL
One of the cockpits of an AH-1Z showing the two main multi-function displays.
The most visible change is SES’ replacement of the original Telescopic Sight Unit, or TSU, with a new L3 Wescam MX-15D sensor turret, which is similar in both form and function to the Lockheed Martin AN/AAQ-30A Target Sight System, or TSS, on the AH-1Z. The TSU was specifically for guiding the TOW anti-tank missile, an optically-tracked weapon that required the gunner to keep the sight on the target until the weapon hit its mark.
The new system contains both electro-optical and infrared cameras, as well as a laser designator. Not only does this combination of systems it make it more flexible than the older TSU, but it also greatly expands the crew's ability to use it for reconnaissance and surveillance missions, as well as target acquisition.
The new Jordanian AH-1s combine the new sensor system with Hellfire missiles and Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System II laser-guided rockets, or APKWS II,. This pairing will give the gunships good flexibility against a variety of different targets.
The ever-popular Hellfires already come in a number of different types. According to Jane's 360, Jordan will primarily use the AGM-114R variant, which combines an anti-tank warhead with a fragmentation sleeve for use against both armored vehicles and soft targets. Other options include the tandem-warhead AGM-114K, which has a better chance to defeat countermeasures such as explosive reactive armor, and the thermobaric AGM-114N, ideal for engaging unarmored vehicles and enemy personnel both out in the open and inside buildings.
US ARMY
A breakdown of common Hellfire variants.
The smaller APKWS IIs mate a laser-guidance system to existing 70mm rockets and warheads, resulting in low-cost precision-guided munitions that can engage a variety of different targets. High explosive warheads are among the most common, but the U.S. military has begun building versions using the M282 warhead that has the ability to break through some armor and reinforced structures.
The rockets also have a smaller warhead than the Hellfires, which has allowed other military forces, including U.S. special operations forces, to use them to engage relatively small targets, such as individual enemy fighters in doorways and windows. And Since the AH-1s will be able to carry pods with seven or 19 of these weapons on one pylon, instead of just four Hellfires, it will drastically increase the total number of targets they can engage before needing to rearm, as well. And there’s always the gunship’s 20mm M197 three-barrel cannon under the nose, too.
We don’t know the exact price Jordan is paying to upgrade each AH-1F, but it is very likely far cheaper than buying an AH-1Z straight off the production line. A new build Zulu Cobra costs more than $30 million, according to the U.S. military's latest budget request for the 2019 fiscal year.
The unit cost of an older twin-engine AH-1W when it rolled out of Bell Helicopter’s plant in 1986 was only around $22 million when adjusted for inflation to 2018 dollars. Single engine models such as the AH-1F were cheaper and the value of older Cobra types aircraft available on the secondary market is almost certain to have depreciated markedly.
US ARMY
A Jordanian Air Force AH-1F in its standard configuration.
It’s also possible that these upgrades could lead to additional improvements as time goes on. The sensor turret mount especially is readily suitable to other L3 Wescam offerings that could either offer more or less capability as desired. It’s not hard to see other new features, such as a directional infrared countermeasures system, or DIRCM, to defeat infrared-guided anti-aircraft missiles or a new gun system, becoming available for the AH-1 series later on.
Despite there being no takers so far, various companies have pitched up-gunning programs for decades already, including swapping out the M197 for the single-barrel 30mm M230 chain-gun found on the AH-64 Apache. The lightweight M230LF version that is now available would be even better suited to any AH-1 platform.
USMC
The M197 on an AH-1Z.
As such, the upgrade package SES has put together for Jordanian Air Force, or a version thereof, could easily be a more cost-effective starting place for any country still operating older AH-1s or that is looking to do so. Jordan itself has donated AH-1Fs from its own stocks to other countries, such as Kenya and the Philippines.
More significantly, as the U.S. Marine Corps retires its AH-1Ws for good in favor of the AH-1Z, the U.S. military has begun actively looking for ways to modernize them for sale to foreign allies and partners. In December 2017, the Navy said it was interested in hiring a contractor specifically to install a new, commercially available off-the-shelf avionics update to help sweeten the deal, which sounds very much like what SES offered to Jordan.
As of May 24, 2018, there were already more than 30 “Whiskey Cobras” sitting at the Bone Yard at Davis Monthan Air Force Base in Arizona, according to a monthly U.S. Air Force inventory report. In March 2018, Brazil, which recently bought the helicopter carrier ex-HMS Ocean from the United Kingdom, reportedly inquired about buying some of these gunships.
The United States has already had significant success selling off retired OH-58D Kiowa Warrior armed scout helicopters, particularly to allies in Europe and Africa. Combining AH-1Ws, or other second-hand Cobra types, with the SES upgrade package, could be an even more attractive option for small, cost-conscious military forces looking to bolster their capabilities.
USMC
A US Marine Corps AH-1W "Whiskey Cobra."
And countries that had expressed an interest in buying American gunship helicopters in the past, but may have been rebuked over human rights concerns and other issues, such as Nigeria, have found President Donald Trump administration much more willing to approve arms sales in general. Trump has even pushed for American diplomats to more actively promote American-made weapons.
There’s a distinct possibility that upgraded AH-1s similar to Jordan's new “AH-1Z Lite” gunships will end up in direct competition with the actual, production AH-1Zs. Bell has been steadily growing the Zulu Cobra customer base, but a lower cost alternative with many similar capabilities could definitely draw away potential buyers. If the cost is sufficiently low, the SES updated Cobras might also present some competition for other American-made and foreign light attack helicopters, as well.
It will definitely be interesting to keep an eye out for which countries decide to take the upgrade route and what Cobras they use as a starting place.
Contact the author: jtrevithickpr@gmail.com
Another possibility is US marines are considering selling surplus up gradable AH-1Ws once they get more AH-1Zs. PA built AH-1Zs are exactly US Marine specs so can be transferred to them and Pakistan can pick up cheaper yet upgraded with same tech AH-1Ws. The Zulu was originally a upgrade to the Whisky Cobra.
https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zo...its-ah-1w-super-cobra-attack-helicopter-fleet
Reason why AH-1Z and T-129 are preferred are because they had better high altitude performance over the Chinese and Russian options which are apparently more heavily armored.
I think PA has to look at Jordan's AH-1 upgrade program which adds another 20yrs to the old airframes and avionics from the Zulu. Makes sense as gives a breathing space to wait for T-129s as well as if WZ-10 chosen can give us more time to ponder or request customization.
https://www.arabianaerospace.aero/modernised-cobras-give-rjaf-extra-bite.html
https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zo...-offer-big-capabilities-without-the-price-tag
Jordan is in the process of upgrading some of its AH-1F Cobra gunship helicopters to a new standard that incorporates many features similar, or outright identical, to those on the latest AH-1Z model. The update package could potentially serve as a model for other countries looking to upgrade their existing AH-1s or for military forces considering buying Cobras for the first time on the growing secondary market.
The Jordanian Air Force displayed one of the modified helicopters during the country’s biennial Special Operations Forces Exhibition, or SOFEX, which took place at Marka Airport in the capital Amman in May 2018. According to a report from Aviation International News, Jordan has taken delivery of two of the updated gunships from American contractor Science & Engineering Services (SES) for training purposes, but they will have to go back to the United States for additional live-fire testing.
PENTAGON TO SELL-OFF ITS AH-1W SUPER COBRA ATTACK HELICOPTER FLEETBy Tyler RogowayPosted in THE WAR ZONE
WHOMP OVER THE DESERT FLOOR IN AN AH-1Z ATTACK HELICOPTERBy Tyler RogowayPosted in THE WAR ZONE
LATEST BELL UH-1Y "VENOM" VARIANT OF THE ICONIC HUEY FINDS AN EXPORT CUSTOMERBy Tyler RogowayPosted in THE WAR ZONE
BLACKWATER FOUNDER'S PRIVATE AFGHAN AIR ARM PITCH INCLUDED AN-26 GUNSHIPS AND AH-1 COBRASBy Joseph TrevithickPosted in THE WAR ZONE
THE U.S. ARMY'S UH-60V BRINGS OLDER BLACK HAWKS INTO THE DIGITAL AGEBy Joseph TrevithickPosted in THE WAR ZONE
Jordan is looking to upgrade 12 AH-1Fs in total, but it has a number of additional E and F models in service, including 16 it acquired from Israel in 2015, that it could put through the update program if it chose to do so. We have reached out SES for additional information, but at the time of writing we had not yet heard back about our queries.
However many helicopters the Jordanian Air Force eventually decides to upgrade, they will be significantly more capable than they had been in their previous configurations. The new versions will feature an Integrated Avionics System from Northrop Grumman that is the same as the one found on the latest new production twin-engine AH-1Z Zulu Cobras, also known as Vipers, from Bell.
Armada International@arm_magazine
https://twitter.com/arm_magazine/status/996260499984547840
Royal Jordanian Air Force’s modernisation programme is upgrading 12 of its 20 Bell AH-1F/S Cobras, with one of the first on display at SOFEX 2018. https://armadainternational.com/2018/05/hellfire-compatible-cobra-on-display/?utm_source=twitter …
8
10:26 AM - May 15, 2018
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This suite has an LN-251 inertial navigation system using a fiber-optic gyroscope. It also replaces a number of analog systems in the front and rear cockpits with large flat-panel multi-function displays by L3. New AN/ARC-210 radios from Rockwell Collins round out the major cockpit updates.
This comprehensive upgrade significantly reduces strain on operators who no longer have to keep track of the readouts from a mix of analog gauges, optical scopes, and antiquated heads-up displays. The U.S. Army is putting its older UH-60 Black Hawks through a similar and relatively low-cost update program for many of the same reasons.
Tyler Rogoway@Aviation_Intel
· Dec 31, 2017
Watch this Whisky Cobra make a gun and rocket attack as seen through the pilot's HUD (yes! The AH-1W had a HUD!)https://youtu.be/4NERBxn_nJU
YouTube at @YouTubeTyler Rogoway@Aviation_Intel
Here's the HUD setup in the AH-1W.
36
5:42 AM - Dec 31, 2017
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The new Jordanian helicopters also have an improved OrbitalATK AN/AAR-47 missile approach warning system coupled with an Extant Aerospace AN/ALE-47 dispenser able to fire decoy flares and chaff. It’s not clear if there are any additional updates to the gunship’s defensive sensor suite and countermeasures systems planned for the future.
BELL
One of the cockpits of an AH-1Z showing the two main multi-function displays.
The most visible change is SES’ replacement of the original Telescopic Sight Unit, or TSU, with a new L3 Wescam MX-15D sensor turret, which is similar in both form and function to the Lockheed Martin AN/AAQ-30A Target Sight System, or TSS, on the AH-1Z. The TSU was specifically for guiding the TOW anti-tank missile, an optically-tracked weapon that required the gunner to keep the sight on the target until the weapon hit its mark.
The new system contains both electro-optical and infrared cameras, as well as a laser designator. Not only does this combination of systems it make it more flexible than the older TSU, but it also greatly expands the crew's ability to use it for reconnaissance and surveillance missions, as well as target acquisition.
The new Jordanian AH-1s combine the new sensor system with Hellfire missiles and Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System II laser-guided rockets, or APKWS II,. This pairing will give the gunships good flexibility against a variety of different targets.
The ever-popular Hellfires already come in a number of different types. According to Jane's 360, Jordan will primarily use the AGM-114R variant, which combines an anti-tank warhead with a fragmentation sleeve for use against both armored vehicles and soft targets. Other options include the tandem-warhead AGM-114K, which has a better chance to defeat countermeasures such as explosive reactive armor, and the thermobaric AGM-114N, ideal for engaging unarmored vehicles and enemy personnel both out in the open and inside buildings.
US ARMY
A breakdown of common Hellfire variants.
The smaller APKWS IIs mate a laser-guidance system to existing 70mm rockets and warheads, resulting in low-cost precision-guided munitions that can engage a variety of different targets. High explosive warheads are among the most common, but the U.S. military has begun building versions using the M282 warhead that has the ability to break through some armor and reinforced structures.
The rockets also have a smaller warhead than the Hellfires, which has allowed other military forces, including U.S. special operations forces, to use them to engage relatively small targets, such as individual enemy fighters in doorways and windows. And Since the AH-1s will be able to carry pods with seven or 19 of these weapons on one pylon, instead of just four Hellfires, it will drastically increase the total number of targets they can engage before needing to rearm, as well. And there’s always the gunship’s 20mm M197 three-barrel cannon under the nose, too.
We don’t know the exact price Jordan is paying to upgrade each AH-1F, but it is very likely far cheaper than buying an AH-1Z straight off the production line. A new build Zulu Cobra costs more than $30 million, according to the U.S. military's latest budget request for the 2019 fiscal year.
The unit cost of an older twin-engine AH-1W when it rolled out of Bell Helicopter’s plant in 1986 was only around $22 million when adjusted for inflation to 2018 dollars. Single engine models such as the AH-1F were cheaper and the value of older Cobra types aircraft available on the secondary market is almost certain to have depreciated markedly.
US ARMY
A Jordanian Air Force AH-1F in its standard configuration.
It’s also possible that these upgrades could lead to additional improvements as time goes on. The sensor turret mount especially is readily suitable to other L3 Wescam offerings that could either offer more or less capability as desired. It’s not hard to see other new features, such as a directional infrared countermeasures system, or DIRCM, to defeat infrared-guided anti-aircraft missiles or a new gun system, becoming available for the AH-1 series later on.
Despite there being no takers so far, various companies have pitched up-gunning programs for decades already, including swapping out the M197 for the single-barrel 30mm M230 chain-gun found on the AH-64 Apache. The lightweight M230LF version that is now available would be even better suited to any AH-1 platform.
USMC
The M197 on an AH-1Z.
As such, the upgrade package SES has put together for Jordanian Air Force, or a version thereof, could easily be a more cost-effective starting place for any country still operating older AH-1s or that is looking to do so. Jordan itself has donated AH-1Fs from its own stocks to other countries, such as Kenya and the Philippines.
More significantly, as the U.S. Marine Corps retires its AH-1Ws for good in favor of the AH-1Z, the U.S. military has begun actively looking for ways to modernize them for sale to foreign allies and partners. In December 2017, the Navy said it was interested in hiring a contractor specifically to install a new, commercially available off-the-shelf avionics update to help sweeten the deal, which sounds very much like what SES offered to Jordan.
As of May 24, 2018, there were already more than 30 “Whiskey Cobras” sitting at the Bone Yard at Davis Monthan Air Force Base in Arizona, according to a monthly U.S. Air Force inventory report. In March 2018, Brazil, which recently bought the helicopter carrier ex-HMS Ocean from the United Kingdom, reportedly inquired about buying some of these gunships.
The United States has already had significant success selling off retired OH-58D Kiowa Warrior armed scout helicopters, particularly to allies in Europe and Africa. Combining AH-1Ws, or other second-hand Cobra types, with the SES upgrade package, could be an even more attractive option for small, cost-conscious military forces looking to bolster their capabilities.
USMC
A US Marine Corps AH-1W "Whiskey Cobra."
And countries that had expressed an interest in buying American gunship helicopters in the past, but may have been rebuked over human rights concerns and other issues, such as Nigeria, have found President Donald Trump administration much more willing to approve arms sales in general. Trump has even pushed for American diplomats to more actively promote American-made weapons.
There’s a distinct possibility that upgraded AH-1s similar to Jordan's new “AH-1Z Lite” gunships will end up in direct competition with the actual, production AH-1Zs. Bell has been steadily growing the Zulu Cobra customer base, but a lower cost alternative with many similar capabilities could definitely draw away potential buyers. If the cost is sufficiently low, the SES updated Cobras might also present some competition for other American-made and foreign light attack helicopters, as well.
It will definitely be interesting to keep an eye out for which countries decide to take the upgrade route and what Cobras they use as a starting place.
Contact the author: jtrevithickpr@gmail.com
Another possibility is US marines are considering selling surplus up gradable AH-1Ws once they get more AH-1Zs. PA built AH-1Zs are exactly US Marine specs so can be transferred to them and Pakistan can pick up cheaper yet upgraded with same tech AH-1Ws. The Zulu was originally a upgrade to the Whisky Cobra.
https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zo...its-ah-1w-super-cobra-attack-helicopter-fleet
Ahmet Pasha
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Whatever we do US will continue to block arms to us. Mark my words.
They only care about $$$ if we pay them they will sell.
Pakistan has learned the hard way that when you buy from US buy plenty of spares up front.
Ahmet Pasha
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No that's the biggest khush fehmi you could ever make. Even if they do sell anything to you. They will use that to manipulate Pakistan for years.
And they will only sell non offensive systems in the first place.
And they will only sell non offensive systems in the first place.
Are they manipulating right now?
They have sold offensive weapons and time have changed they don't hold monopoly on frontline systems.
Blacklight
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Issue is that CSF is restricted to US eqpt.
Ahmet Pasha
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Bro we all know how the F16 is used as a needle to pinch Pakistani civ-mil leadership time and again.
Carrot and stick approach was there once and we learned our lessons, US is no longer our chief arms supplier. We've diversified to China, Italy, Turkey, France and S. Africa etc.. There are alternatives and local support infrastructure enough for if a door closes we wont be crippled. US knows it has lost the leverage it once had.
The do mores don't work anymore. Also the notion of kill switches went out of the window with Swift retort.
US now cares about Money, if you can pay you can buy. In our case unless subsidized by aid or reimbursement of coalition support funds we have cheaper options.
The stalemate is.
Pakistan: I will buy US products if subsidized or I'm reimbursed from my pending dues. Otherwise I can buy more quantity for the same amount elsewhere.
US: You have to pay the full amount for my overpriced hardware yourself else I won't sell.
Under the circumstances makes sense if Pakistan only buy upgrades for existing US hardware or buy their surplus hardware which are cheaper than alternatives.
