Vinod2070
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Its a cultural problem with Muslims. You don't have to work too hard to observe that even Pakistan has worse literacy rates than India.
Of course, discrimination also exists in some parts of India, but by and large, it is due to a lack of progressive leaders among Indian muslims.
Yes, it must be understood that at the time of independence itself, Muslims had a lower literacy and social level than their Hindu counterparts. Much of the small middle class also migrated to Pakistan. So their base was much lower.
Second, Pakistan has this disparity in social and educational level among various ethnicities. West of the Sindhu is much backwards due to historical reasons and their peculiar social customs. I don't think you will say that it is a grand conspiracy by the Pakistani state to keep them socially and educationally backwards.
Pretty much the same dynamics apply in India for the relatively backwardness of Muslims. Though it is debatable if they are more socially and educationally backwards than the Pakistani Muslims.