Indian forces battle pockets of militants
By KEITH BRADSHER and SOMINI SENGUPTA
Published: November 28, 2008
A commando rappelled from a helicopter near Nariman House, where militants are believed to be hiding, in Mumbai on Friday.
MUMBAI, India As the crisis in Mumbai entered its third day, Indian commandos fought running battles with militants on Friday, still struggling to end the murderous assault on Indias financial capital that has shaken the nation and raised perilous regional tensions with neighboring Pakistan.
As a measure of the possible implications of the attacks for regional relations, the chief of Pakistans powerful intelligence organization was due to make an extraordinary visit to India to assist in the investigations and calm tensions between the two countries, as the Indian government explicitly blamed elements with links to Pakistan and the full scale and the death toll from the attacks became clearer.
Two Americans, a 58-year-old man and his 13-year-daughter, members of a spiritual community visiting from Virginia, were confirmed as among those killed in one of the luxury hotels that was attacked. They were among a total of at least 22 foreigners, who had died during the attacks, the Indian authorities said, according to The Associated Press.
Among the dead were the bodies of five hostages, most of them believed to be Jewish citizens, who were brought out from a Jewish community center in the city, Nariman House, after Indian commando units stormed the attackers inside the building, ending the stand-off there. The terrorists had executed the hostages during the commando raid, the Indian military said, adding that two attackers had also been killed.
A rabbi from Brooklyn, New York, Gavriel Holtzberg, and his wife, Rivka, were among the dead.
Shortly before night settled over the stricken city, the police said the death toll had reached 143 with the discovery of 24 bodies in the luxury Oberoi hotel, where the police had finally taken control and many guests were set free on Friday.
But the armys operation at a second luxury hotel, the Taj, was only entering its final phase, according to the Indian military, with commandos battling one terrorist left inside who the army said was moving between two floors of the hotel, including an area that had been a dance floor for weddings and other parties. The army said two other militants had been killed overnight in the Taj. Later, commandos were seen rushing through the front door of the hotel, in what appeared to be another major assault to dislodge the militants.
Indian commandos involved in the fighting in the hotels said the attackers were well-trained and remorseless, carrying a backpack packed with hundreds of rounds of ammunition, and they seemed to know the hotel layout better than the security forces, indicating a high degree of preparation and sophistication.
With the situation seeming to come gradually under the authorities control, attention was shifting to the identities of the attackers, several of whom were reported to be seized during the onslaught. The Indian media focused on the possible involvement of Lashkar-e-Taiba, a guerrilla group run by Pakistani intelligence in the conflict with India in the disputed territory of Kashmir.
Amid an atmosphere of recrimination between political parties within the country, a senior Hindu nationalist leader, L.K. Advani, said the Indian security services had become preoccupied with Hindu terrorists and missed threats from Islamists. The Indian foreign minister, Pranab Mukherjee, said early evidence explicitly pointed to Pakistans involvement. "Preliminary evidence, prima facie evidence, indicates elements with links to Pakistan are involved," Mukherjee told reporters in New Delhi.
In the Oberoi, some guests were still barricaded in their rooms as security forces reasserted control of the hotel, and they were watching events outside on television news channels. But police and military officers did not explain why the operation to flush out a handful of assailants in the Taj hotel and the Jewish community center had taken so long.
At the Jewish center, commandos slid down ropes from a hovering Army helicopter on Friday morning as they stormed the building. The blue-uniformed troopers landed on the roof and soon made their way inside the center, home to the Hasidic Jewish group Chabad-Lubavitch.
Throughout Friday, a gun battle raged inside the Jewish center, which echoed to the thump of explosions and the rattle of automatic fire. Later, Reuters reported that the commandos had blown up the outer wall of the center, and that the bodies of five hostages were discovered, quoting an Israeli diplomat speaking on Israeli television.
Late in the day, commandos in black uniform wearing heavy body armor moved into buildings around Nariman House, relieving commandos in blue or black uniforms who had been in action all day. For the first time, a van with six medics in surgical gowns and masks parked close to Nariman House, apparently in anticipation of casualties.
While there was still no definitive word on the identity or affiliation of the attackers, an Indian official said one assailant had been captured alive and was a Pakistani citizen.
The assertion, by R.R. Patil, the home affairs minister of Maharashtra State, where Mumbai is located, could further increase tension between India and Pakistan, both nuclear-armed states which have fought wars in the past. In a significant development, Pakistan said on Friday it was prepared to send its intelligence chief, Ahmed Shuja Pasha, to India to share information in the investigation into the attacks.
In London, officials said they were unable to confirm reports in a British newspaper that some of the attackers held British passports, which are relatively common among people with ties to former British colonies, but other officials said it was unlikely.
The main success of the day for the authorities came at the Oberoi hotel where police said that 93 foreigners some of them wearing Air France and Lufthansa uniforms had been rescued on Friday. Exhausted survivors offered harrowing accounts of their ordeal, trapped on the upper floors of the high-rise hotel occupied on lower floors by gunmen.
The Mumbai police chief, Hassan Ghafoor, said 24 bodies had been found at the hotel.
At the Taj hotel , several trucks carrying Indian commandos arrived at 1:15 p.m. on Friday. The troopers appeared to be starting an assault on the hotel, where an army official said at least one militant was still holding hostages. Throughout Friday, explosions and small arms fire were heard from the hotel as security forces sought to free hostages. But progress seemed cautious and slow. Outside the hotel, an Indian army sniper took up position in a cherrypicker. By late afternoon, smoke had again begun to billow from the roof of the hotel, parts of which were gutted by a huge blaze after the gunmen first moved into the hotel on Wednesday. And by nightfall, explosions and gunfire continued to shake the building.
The leader of a commando unit involved in a gun battle Thursday morning inside the Taj said during a news conference on Friday that he had seen a dozen dead bodies in one of the rooms.
His team also discovered a gunmans backpack, which contained dried fruit, 400 rounds of AK-47 ammunition, four grenades, Indian and American money, and seven credit cards from some of the worlds leading banks. They pack also had a national identity card from the island of Mauritius, off Africas southeastern coast.
The attackers were very, very familiar with the layout of the hotel, said the commander, who disguised his face with a scarf and tinted glasses. He said the militants, who appeared to be under 30 years old, were determined and remorseless.
On Thursday, the police said 14 police officers had been killed in the city, along with nine gunmen. Nine suspects were taken into custody, they said.
In a televised speech Thursday, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh blamed forces based outside this country in a thinly veiled accusation that Pakistan was involved. A day later, Indias foreign minister Pranab Mukherjee was quoted by the Press Trust of India as saying that, according to preliminary reports, some elements in Pakistan are responsible.
But Pakistan seemed anxious to defuse the mounting crisis in relations with its neighbor. Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi said India and Pakistan should join hands to defeat a common enemy, and urged New Delhi not to play politics over the attacks in Mumbai, Reuters reported.
Do not bring politics into this issue, the Pakistani foreign minister told reporters in the Indian town of Ajmer during a four-day visit to India. This is a collective issue. We are facing a common enemy and we should join hands to defeat the enemy.
President Asif Ali Zardari called Mr. Singh, Reuters reported, to say he was appalled and shocked by the terrorist attacks. Non-state actors wanted to force upon the governments their own agenda, but they must not be allowed to succeed, he said.
Reporting was contributed by Jeremy Kahn from Mumbai; Mark McDonald from Hong Kong; Heather Timmons and Hari Kumar from New Delhi; Salman Masood from Islamabad, Pakistan; Alan Cowell from Paris; and Graham Bowley and Liz Robbins from New York.
