Mountain Jews of Checynia & neighboring areas

[DV RULES]

Chechen society has traditionally been organized around many autonomous local clans, called teips. Even today, many Chechens consider themselves loyal to their teip above all, this is one reason why it has been difficult to forge a united political front against Russia.

From the 7th century through the 16th century Chechens and Ingushes were Christians, but then the influence of Islam spread until Sunnites became the majority.

Russian influence started as early as the 16th century when Ivan the Terrible founded Tarki in 1559 where the first Cossack army was stationed. The Russian Terek Cossack Host was established in lowland Chechnya in 1577 by free Cossacks resettled from Volga to Terek River. In 1783 Russia and the eastern Georgian kingdom of Kartl-Kakheti (which was devastated by Turkish and Persian invasions ) signed the Treaty of Georgievsk, according to which Kartl-Kakheti received protection by Russia. In order to secure communications with Georgia and other regions of the Transcaucasia the Russian Empire began spreading her influence into mountains of Caucasus, met with fierce resistance by the mountain tribes. In 1785 they started waging a holy war against the Russians under Sheikh Mansur who was captured in 1791 and died a few years later.

Imperial Russian forces began moving into highland Chechnya in 1830 to secure Russia's borders with the Ottoman Empire. The Chechens, along with many peoples of the Eastern Caucasus, resisted fiercely, led by the Dagestani hero Imam Shamil, but Chechnya was finally incorporated into the Russian Empire in 1859 after Shamil's capture.

Russian occupation caused a prolonged wave of emigration until the end of the 19th century. Thousands of Caucasians moved to Turkey and other countries of the Middle East, while Cossacks and Armenians settled in Chechnya.

During the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78 the Caucasians rose against Russia once more, but were defeated again.

The Chechnya-Ingushetia region received status of an autonomous republic within the Soviet Union in 1936. During World War II, despite the fact that about 40 thousand Chechens and Ingushes fought in the Red Army (fifty of them received the highest recognition of the Hero of the Soviet Union), the Soviet government accused them of cooperating with the Nazi invaders, who had controlled the western parts of Chechnya-Ingushetia for several months of the 1942/1943 winter. On orders from Stalin the entire population of the republic was exiled to Kazakhstan. Over a quarter died. The Chechens were allowed to return only in 1957, four years after Stalin's death in 1953. In 1949 Soviet authorities erected a statue of 19th century Russian general Aleksey Yermolov in Grozny. The inscription read, "There is no people under the sun more vile and deceitful than this one." Yermolov had also persecuted the Chechens.

“SK Strategia” analyses results of amnesty in Chechnya

The center for strategic studies and development of civil society in the North Caucasus - SK Strategia – was officially registered in March 2004. It helps the Federal and Republican authorities to revive legal standards in Chechnya . The Center has on its staff experienced politicians and human rights activists, who carry out independent analysis of political and economic situations in the North Caucasus for the Council in the Russian President’s office that, in its turn, help to develop institute of civil society and human rights. Ella Pamfilova, a well-known public figure, heads the Council. Officials of the Center have examined results of the recent amnesty, interviewing between 80 and 100 pardoned former members of illegal armed group to find out why they had voluntarily surrendered to the authorities. The questions that were asked the amnestied people concerned the motivation for accepting the amnesty: was it a desire to return to a peaceful way of life and or trust in both the federal and republican leaders; was it due to material incentive or fear for the lives of close relatives? Or indeed, was it due to lack of future prospect? The material incentive means the chance to earn a living peacefully to be able to feed the family. 70 per cent of interviewees said it was due to a desire to live peacefully and their trust in the Russian and Chechen leaders. Two gave material incentive as the motive; no one cited fear for the lives of their close relatives as reason for surrendering to the authorities. 10 per cent of those interviewed named lack of future prospect as the reason for surrendering. Experts of

“SK Strategia” compared results of the survey with the one of 2003 when 78 per cent of respondents said they surrendered because of fear for the lives of their relatives, but now they trust the authorities. Answering the question as to whether the amnesty would lead to an improvement in the situation in Chechnya, 90 per cent of respondents gave positive answer. In 2003, 9 out of 10 interviewees wanted to enlist in the law enforcement bodies for personal security reasons, but today most of the pardoned former militants want to become state employees or to go into business. Nobody wants to emigrate

“Grozneftegaz” in the economy of Chechnya

There are no open or burning wells in Chechnya now. An average 3,800 tons of oil a day is produced there. Compared to 2001, production has grown by more than 12 times. These are the initial results of operation of the open share-holding company “Grozneftegaz”, created for the management of the companies in the republic’s oil and gas complex six months ago.

According to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, all crude produced in Chechnya is exported, and the earnings are directed to help develop the oil and gas complex of the republic. Last year, when total production amounted to 705, 000 tons, the earnings from its export exceeded 2 billion roubles. 640 million roubles were paid in taxes to the Chechen budget. 232 million roubles were transferred to a special account in the Federal Treasury for the restoration of economy and the social sphere of the Chechen Republic. This year “Grozneftegaz” plans to produce up to 1.4 million tons, nearly twice as much as was produced last year.

Despite the measures taken, stealing of oil continues. Still, the progress is evident: an average of 200 tons a day is being currently stolen compared to 3,000 tons a day last year. According to “Grozneftegaz” General Director Baudin Khamidov, the payroll of the 1,200 guards his company hires is 160 million roubles a year, an amount exceeding its own wages fund. Federal law enforcement agencies also help protect the oil production facilities.

There are currently 10 oilfields in exploitation in the Chechen Republic. Production in 3 more oil deposits will soon begin, too. Due to the growth of production volumes, 300 new jobs will be created in “Grozneftegaz” before the end of this year, bringing the number of the company staff to 2.5 thousand. And a total of more than 5 thousand residents of the Chechen Republic are involved in the operations of its oil and gas complex.

CHECHNYA FREE.RU | Chechen News, History, Traditions, Economics - “SK Strategia” analyses results of amnesty in Chechnya -

 

[UnitedPak]

Since Jews and Jewry constitute a major point of political and religious attack, literal and philosophical, by today's radical terrororsts on Russian airports, schools, and other public places..by radical terrorists and their sympathesizers....convoluted into attacks on the UN Resolution 181 founding of the nation of Israel warrant a reminder that historically down to today there are other ethnic minorities in Checynia who have rights and deserve protection from the Wahabbist style heretics to Islam terrorists.

Chechnya is in shambles and has been so for a while. On what basis are you assuming that Muslims there are living in good conditions? Everybody deserves protection and a stable form of governing so there is no need to single out Jewish victims and pin everything on Muslims. Most of the frustrations in the region are directed towards Russian troops and government. I dont think there is much Wahhabi influence to speak of. You are making this a common theme of your threads.

 

[roadrunner]

Chechens are mainly Sufi on the whole I think.

 

[DV RULES]

The topic of Mountain Jews, who in current times actually live on the lowlands with all other various ethnic groups in Checynia, as partially discussed within the Thread I started yesterday on the Russian Airport terrorist bombing now warrants a stand alone thread so the facts about this ancient Jewish population, partially assimiliated today, but some have maintained Jewish identity, justified a stand alone discussion Thread in order to have a clearer focus.

Please note that some Checynian Mountain Jews in modern times have fled to Israel for security from radical Muslim terrorists in Checynia and surrounding nations where radical Islam has been getting a foothold.

Mountain Jews - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

My advise to you
Accept regional changes of caucase & don't Plow up buried mummies.
There are some monuments of Jewish dead's but geographical & demographic situation is total changed so take a long breath.

Terrorists contain no religion, nation, cost & identifications so stop blame on Islam & if you want to talk over Terrorism then come to related thread so i will feed you best who is the head and who supports it.

 

[somebozo]

Most of the Russia and modern day Central Asia was part of David empire once upon a time!

 

[American Eagle]

Thank you for your comments and views.

Civil discourse is sorely needed in this time of worldwide economic depression, brought on by excessive greed originating in my fourth and final career field, that of real estate. *I have been a real estate selling Broker the past 15 years...but not a mortgage broker...which is where mortgage bankers driven by greed and excessive profit goals have stuffed bundled mortgage packages with low credit scored individual mortages which should never have been made.

Back to the topic of Checynia and radical Islam. Regrettably ever since 911, and before that the failed 1993 radical Muslims attack on the same Twin Trade Towers which failed (basement bombs that time)...we are in a long, drawn out war which none of us who is somewhat civilized asked for nor wants.

Religion is the excuse for this war, not me or anyone else seeming to harp on religion. Just as Hitler was a disgrace to, a heretic to Christianity, so are the terrorists a disgrace to and heretics to Islam...that is of course my view.

If we try to pretend there are no religious connotations we are never going to end the war on terrorism in a manner where the masses get a better shake than heretofore.

Thank you to those who tolerate me and my opinions. I speak for many Americans who know not of sites such as the PDF and who lack a career history in the military and world affairs.

The fact that many young people write on this site, even when I think they are rude and uncomprehending and have failed to do research to know what they are talking about...they are at least experiencing via the Internet a high degree of freedom of expression which is a good thing for sure.

Many Pakistanis, Indians, Afghans, and related ethnic groupings are multi-lingual and use sites such as this, among other reasons, to improve on their English writing and reading with comprehension skills. This conversely says way too many Americans lack multi lingual skills. We Americans should do better to want to know more about other languages, cultures, and the world at large...as the world at large more and more is immigrating West, to include to the USA, to get the basic freedoms not avaiable where the are coming from to the US.

 

[DV RULES]

Chechens are mainly Sufi on the whole I think.

frankly speaking, they are not Sufi and their living conditions are not different from tribal areas or Afghanistan.

There are self created rules which they count also as in Islam but far from the realty. Further detail is .......... classified.

So generally you can say that they are MUSLIM.

 

[roadrunner]

Thank you for your comments and views.

Civil discourse is sorely needed in this time of worldwide economic depression, brought on by excessive greed originating in my fourth and final career field, that of real estate. *I have been a real estate selling Broker the past 15 years...but not a mortgage broker...which is where mortgage bankers driven by greed and excessive profit goals have stuffed bundled mortgage packages with low credit scored individual mortages which should never have been made.

Back to the topic of Checynia and radical Islam. Regrettably ever since 911, and before that the failed 1993 radical Muslims attack on the same Twin Trade Towers which failed (basement bombs that time)...we are in a long, drawn out war which none of us who is somewhat civilized asked for nor wants.

Religion is the excuse for this war, not me or anyone else seeming to harp on religion. Just as Hitler was a disgrace to, a heretic to Christianity, so are the terrorists a disgrace to and heretics to Islam...that is of course my view.

If we try to pretend there are no religious connotations we are never going to end the war on terrorism in a manner where the masses get a better shake than heretofore.

Thank you to those who tolerate me and my opinions. I speak for many Americans who know not of sites such as the PDF and who lack a career history in the military and world affairs.

The fact that many young people write on this site, even when I think they are rude and uncomprehending and have failed to do research to know what they are talking about...they are at least experiencing via the Internet a high degree of freedom of expression which is a good thing for sure.

Many Pakistanis, Indians, Afghans, and related ethnic groupings are multi-lingual and use sites such as this, among other reasons, to improve on their English writing and reading with comprehension skills. This conversely says way too many Americans lack multi lingual skills. We Americans should do better to want to know more about other languages, cultures, and the world at large...as the world at large more and more is immigrating West, to include to the USA, to get the basic freedoms not avaiable where the are coming from to the US.

You appear to be very keen on seeing these wars as wars of religion.

I believe the clash of civilization is a bogus concept made up to spread the impression that religion is the reason for such wars.

Even Hitler would invoke Christianity much like you, but he couldn't care less about religion.

 

[DV RULES]

Thank you for your comments and views.

Civil discourse is sorely needed in this time of worldwide economic depression, brought on by excessive greed originating in my fourth and final career field, that of real estate. *I have been a real estate selling Broker the past 15 years...but not a mortgage broker...which is where mortgage bankers driven by greed and excessive profit goals have stuffed bundled mortgage packages with low credit scored individual mortages which should never have been made.

Back to the topic of Checynia and radical Islam. Regrettably ever since 911, and before that the failed 1993 radical Muslims attack on the same Twin Trade Towers which failed (basement bombs that time)...we are in a long, drawn out war which none of us who is somewhat civilized asked for nor wants.

Religion is the excuse for this war, not me or anyone else seeming to harp on religion. Just as Hitler was a disgrace to, a heretic to Christianity, so are the terrorists a disgrace to and heretics to Islam...that is of course my view.

If we try to pretend there are no religious connotations we are never going to end the war on terrorism in a manner where the masses get a better shake than heretofore.

Thank you to those who tolerate me and my opinions. I speak for many Americans who know not of sites such as the PDF and who lack a career history in the military and world affairs.

The fact that many young people write on this site, even when I think they are rude and uncomprehending and have failed to do research to know what they are talking about...they are at least experiencing via the Internet a high degree of freedom of expression which is a good thing for sure.

Many Pakistanis, Indians, Afghans, and related ethnic groupings are multi-lingual and use sites such as this, among other reasons, to improve on their English writing and reading with comprehension skills. This conversely says way too many Americans lack multi lingual skills. We Americans should do better to want to know more about other languages, cultures, and the world at large...as the world at large more and more is immigrating West, to include to the USA, to get the basic freedoms not available where the are coming from to the US.

We saying welcome to discuss but main thing which gives difficulties to discuss is the brain washing of US government to their citizens fro the support of their inhuman projects all over the world.

Just try to think openly and based on ground realities and you will find many things which are not exist rather then propaganda.

Ok, i am telling you why there were Chechen war:

WAR WITH FOREIGN SUPPORT or
WAR WAS THE MASK OF FOREIGN INTERESTS

Nothing more to say because i hope you understand without any further explanation.

 

[American Eagle]

As I said jokingly at a recent briefing where I was merely an invited guest as now Governor Bentley's campaign chair here in Jefferson County, the largest county in Alabama, "I am not the Emperor of the World."

Additional terrorist bombings in past 24-48 hours in Lahore and Karachi are bragged on by al Qaida...who are of course "religious terrorists."

It is hard to deal with reality when some of you are good and decent people who are also believers in the definition of Islam, which means Peace.

Hitler had more in common with the Indian Muslim Division he tried to use in WW II against the Allies than with Christianity...Hitler and that Division were old fashioned Jew haters, or if you prefer, hate mongers. Always looking for someone to blame the problems of the German people on. Hitler's rise to power was largely enabled by the worldwide depression when folks needed work fast and Hitler did create many jobs we would describe today as "public works jobs." I am satisfied that Herr Hitler is roasting in the fires of Hell for all Eternity as I write this.

I have asked a few simple questions on this site about the PAF refueling tankers intended range of future uses and would hope some PAF serving or retired officers might think about that topic and give me as a retired USAF officer their view on a range of practical uses for the refueling KC-135s for the PAF on both a domestic and worldwide scale of uses you think possible.

Cheers.

 

[Developereo]

Hitler had more in common with the Indian Muslim Division he tried to use in WW II against the Allies than with Christianity...Hitler and that Division were old fashioned Jew haters, or if you prefer, hate mongers.

No religion or group has a monopoly on hate mongering or victimization.

Christian, Jews, Hindus, Buddhists and atheists have all done their share of killing in the name of their belief system. You selective focus on certain events and corresponding amnesia towards others belies a particular agenda.

There is no war of religions or civilizations. The only people pushing such a concept are the religious extremists: Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, etc.

The rest of the world just wants to live in peace and get on with life.

 

[r3alist]

I would like folks to recognize that

this is primarily a pakistan defence forum, and in case you had not noticed pakistan needs to "recognize" a fair few things itself.

 

[American Eagle]

Your incomplete copy and paste...I have asked military professionals on PDF for their views on PAF aerial refueling KC-135 likely in country and international uses.

Your comments fail to deal with this retired USAF professional's military air questions which are straight forward.

Perhaps you are not an active serving or retired Pakistani military professional. In which case my question was not meant for you.

 

[roadrunner]

Hitler had more in common with the Indian Muslim Division he tried to use in WW II against the Allies than with Christianity...Hitler and that Division were old fashioned Jew haters, or if you prefer, hate mongers.

This really is clueless.

 

[ASQ-1918]

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