LMAO...Iran To Block Social Media In Case Of War With U.S.

[PaklovesTurkiye]

Gholamreza Jalali, Head of Iran's Passive Defense Organization. FILE PHOTO

Iran would block its citizens’ access to social media if war were to break out with the U.S., the head of the country’s Passive Defense Organization has said.

In a speech on Sunday, May 26, brigadier-general Gholamreza Jalali of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps said, the U.S. “uses social media for media and psychological operations to influence Iranians’ minds.”

He added that Washington has the opportunity to exercise soft power in exploiting both Iran’s lack of a defensive national intranet and its weakened economy, using “social media for placing its forces on a war footing against the Islamic Republic”.

Jalali maintained that possibility of a war between the two countries was minimal.

Social media and the effect of sanctions, he said, provided a two-pronged weapon for the U.S. which Iran would counter, he added.

“We will close social media and stop the U.S. directing Iranian public opinion through it,” said Jalali. He added: “The U.S. will also lose its leverage of economic sanctions if war breaks out.”

On a visit to Bushehr, the site of Iran’s sole nuclear reactor, last month, Jalali said that controlling social networks at the time of crises is a “must” that should “seriously be considered”.

The Islamic Republic has been talking about replacing the internet by a national network since 2010 – it was then expected to be fully operational within five years.

Critics insist the real aim is to tighten censorship and the authorities’ control over people’s use of the internet.

Iran’s national information network (NIN) is 80 percent complete, the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution announced last week.

With the NIN, Tehran hopes to cut the country’s dependency on international cyberspace.

Brig-Gen Jalali said Iran’s eight-year war with Iraq carried lessons on how the U.S. might seek to control public opinion in the country. Though he did not elaborate on what these were, in the 1980s there was a brutal crackdown on dissent in the Islamic Republic.

Claiming that the U.S. had launched a “council” to rally Iranian opposition groups abroad, Jalali pointed to Iran’s influence in Middle East, threatening to retaliate against “Washington’s actions by employing the capacity of pro-Islamic Republic people in Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Yemen, Palestine, and many other countries.”

There is no evidence, however, that the council Jalali referred to exists.

A staunch advocate of blocking internet at the “time of crisis”, Jalali has a reputation for eccentric quips.

Last July he gained international attention after accusing Israel of “stealing Iran’s clouds”.

He said: “Israel and another country in the region have set up joint teams which work to ensure clouds entering Iranian skies are unable to release rain. On top of that, we are facing the issue of cloud and snow-theft.”

This was an attempt to blame “enemies” for years of drought in Iran. But last winter things changes and Iran was inundated by severe rains for weeks, causing devastating floods in large swaths of the country.

https://en.radiofarda.com/a/iran-to-block-social-media-in-case-of-war-with-u-s-/29965550.html

@Surenas @yavar .......So you guys will post on PDF? or we will also be banned in Iran?

On a serious note, I hope no war happens...

 

[hasnainfirst]

Gholamreza Jalali, Head of Iran's Passive Defense Organization. FILE PHOTO

Iran would block its citizens’ access to social media if war were to break out with the U.S., the head of the country’s Passive Defense Organization has said.

In a speech on Sunday, May 26, brigadier-general Gholamreza Jalali of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps said, the U.S. “uses social media for media and psychological operations to influence Iranians’ minds.”

He added that Washington has the opportunity to exercise soft power in exploiting both Iran’s lack of a defensive national intranet and its weakened economy, using “social media for placing its forces on a war footing against the Islamic Republic”.

Jalali maintained that possibility of a war between the two countries was minimal.

Social media and the effect of sanctions, he said, provided a two-pronged weapon for the U.S. which Iran would counter, he added.

“We will close social media and stop the U.S. directing Iranian public opinion through it,” said Jalali. He added: “The U.S. will also lose its leverage of economic sanctions if war breaks out.”

On a visit to Bushehr, the site of Iran’s sole nuclear reactor, last month, Jalali said that controlling social networks at the time of crises is a “must” that should “seriously be considered”.

The Islamic Republic has been talking about replacing the internet by a national network since 2010 – it was then expected to be fully operational within five years.

Critics insist the real aim is to tighten censorship and the authorities’ control over people’s use of the internet.

Iran’s national information network (NIN) is 80 percent complete, the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution announced last week.

With the NIN, Tehran hopes to cut the country’s dependency on international cyberspace.

Brig-Gen Jalali said Iran’s eight-year war with Iraq carried lessons on how the U.S. might seek to control public opinion in the country. Though he did not elaborate on what these were, in the 1980s there was a brutal crackdown on dissent in the Islamic Republic.

Claiming that the U.S. had launched a “council” to rally Iranian opposition groups abroad, Jalali pointed to Iran’s influence in Middle East, threatening to retaliate against “Washington’s actions by employing the capacity of pro-Islamic Republic people in Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Yemen, Palestine, and many other countries.”

There is no evidence, however, that the council Jalali referred to exists.

A staunch advocate of blocking internet at the “time of crisis”, Jalali has a reputation for eccentric quips.

Last July he gained international attention after accusing Israel of “stealing Iran’s clouds”.

He said: “Israel and another country in the region have set up joint teams which work to ensure clouds entering Iranian skies are unable to release rain. On top of that, we are facing the issue of cloud and snow-theft.”

This was an attempt to blame “enemies” for years of drought in Iran. But last winter things changes and Iran was inundated by severe rains for weeks, causing devastating floods in large swaths of the country.

https://en.radiofarda.com/a/iran-to-block-social-media-in-case-of-war-with-u-s-/29965550.html

@Surenas @yavar .......So you guys will post on PDF? or we will also be banned in Iran?

On a serious note, I hope no war happens...

Extreme BS ... through Social media atleast people will be able to know where to go and where there is danger , if they block it in case war happens , then people will be left blinded ....

On a serious note, I hope no war happens...

Count me in too ...

 

[Timur]

Better they have some iranian social media

 

[Aramagedon]

Passive defence against hostile countries..

 

[PaklovesTurkiye]

Extreme BS ... through Social media atleast people will be able to know where to go and where there is danger , if they block it in case war happens , then people will be left blinded ....

Iranians were never known for their intelligence

Passive defence against hostile countries..

Seriously?

He added: “The U.S. will also lose its leverage of economic sanctions if war breaks out.”

Is it me or Iranians are cowering in?

Iranians looks like, don't want to go to war against US because they know what will happen....

@Starlord @LeGenD @Clutch

 

[Aramagedon]

List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars

• Abd al-Hamid al-Katib (?–756), founder of Arabic prose along with fellow Persian Ibn Muqaffa
• Abu al-Qasim Muqane'i10th century) physician
• Abu Dawood (c. 817–889), Islamic scholar
• Abu Hanifa (699–767), Islamic scholar
• Abu Said Gorgani (9th century)
• 'Adud al-Dawla (936–983), scientific patron
• Ahmad ibn Farrokh (12th century), physician
• Ahmad ibn 'Imad al-Din (11th century), physician and chemist
• Alavi Shirazi (1670–1747), royal physician to Mughal Empire of South Asia
• Amuli, Muhammad ibn Mahmud (c. 1300–1352), physician
• Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin (900–971), mathematician and astronomer
• Ansari, Khwaja Abdullah (1006–1088), Islamic scholar
• Aqa-Kermani (18th century), physician
• Aqsara'i (?–1379), physician
• Abu Hafsa Yazid, physician
• Arzani, Muqim (18th century), physician
• Astarabadi (15th century), physician
• Aufi, Muhammad (1171–1242), scientist and historian
• Albubather, physician and astrologer
• Ibn Abi al-Ashʿath, physician
• Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri, theologian and philosopher
• Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi, mathematician and astronomer

• Brethren of Purity
• Bahmanyār, philosopher
• Al-Baghawi (c. 1041–1122), Islamic scholar
• Bahai, Sheikh (1547–1621), poet, mathematician, astronomer, engineer, designer, faghih (religious scientist), and architect
• Al-Baladhuri (?–892), historian
• Abu Maʿshar (787–886), a.k.a. Albumasar, astrologer
• Abu Zayd al-Balkhi (850–934), geographer and mathematician
• Balkhi, Ibn, geographer
• Banū Mūsā brothers (9th century)
• Khalid ibn Barmak (705–782), Buddhist from Khorasan in the court of al-Mansur, initiated the Greek translation movement of the AbbasidHouse of Wisdom
• Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi, historian
• Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi, historian and Islamic scholar
• Al-Bayhaqi, faqih and muhadith
• Muhammad Baqir Behbahani (1706–1791), theologian
• Ibn Bibi (13th century), historian of the Seljuks of Rum
• Al-Biruni (973–1048), astronomer and mathematician
• Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870), Islamic scholar
• Sahl ibn Bishr (c. 786–845 ?), astrologer, mathematician
• Bukhtishu (8th century?), Persian Christian physician of Academy of Gundishapur
• Bukhtishu, Abdollah ibn (c. 940–1058), Christian physician in Persia
• Jabril ibn Bukhtishu (9th century), Christian physician
• Bukhtishu, Yuhanna (9th century), Christian physician
• Borzuya (6th century), a.k.a. Borzouyeh-i Tabib, physician of Academy of Gundishapur
• al-Birjandi (?–1528), astronomer and mathematician
• Muhammad Bal'ami, historian
• Abu Bakr Rabee Ibn Ahmad Al-Akhawyni Bokhari, physician
• Abu'l-Fadl al-Bal'ami

• Abu Hanifa Dinawari (815–896), polymath
• Ibn Qutaybah (828–885), historian

• Abubakr Esfarayeni (13th century?), physician

• Farghani (?–880), a.k.a. Alfraganus, astronomer
• Al-Farabi (872–950) (Al-Farabi, Pharabius), philosopher
• Fazari, Ibrahim (?–777), mathematician and astronomer
• Fazari, Mohammad (?–796), mathematician and astronomer
• Feyz Kashani, Mohsen (?–1680), theologian
• Firishta (1560-1620), historian
• Ibn al-Faqih, historian and geographer
• Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al‐Farisi (d. 1278/1279), astronomer
• Fazl b. Ruzbihan Khunji (1455–1521), religious scholar, historian and political writer

• Gardezi, Abu Said (?–1061), geographer and historian
• Ghazali (Algazel, 1058–1111), philosopher
• Gilani, Hakim (?–1609), royal physician
• Kushyar Gilani (971–1029), mathematician, geographer, astronomer
• Zayn al-Din Gorgani (1041–1136), royal physician
• Abu Said Gorgani (9th century), astronomer and mathematician
• Rostam Gorgani (16th century), physician
• Al-Masihi (?–999), Avicenn'a master

• Hakim Ghulam Imam, physician
• Hakim Muhammad Mehdi Naqi (18th century), physician
• Hakim Muhammad Sharif Khan (18th century), physician
• Hakim Nishaburi (933–1012), Islamic scholar
• Hallaj (858–922), mystic-philosopher
• Hamadani, Mir Sayyid Ali (1314–1384), poet and philosopher
• Harawi, Abolfadl (10th century), astronomer of Buyid dynasty
• Harawi, Muwaffak (10th century), pharmacologist
• Harawi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf (died 1542), physician
• Hasani, Qavameddin (17th century), physician
• Ibn Hindu (1019–1032), man of letters, physician
• Haji Bektash Veli, mystic
• Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani, jurisconsult, mystic, philosopher, poet and mathematician
• Haseb Tabari, astronomer
• Hammam ibn Munabbih, Islamic scholar
• Hamza al-Isfahani (ca. 893–after 961), philologist and historian
• Abu Ja'far ibn Habash

• Ibn Abi Sadiq (11th century), "The Second Hippocrates", Avicenna's disciple
• Ibn Khordadbeh (c. 820–912), geographer
• Ibn Rustah (9th century), explorer and geographer
• Ilaqi, Yusef (11th century), Avicenna's pupil
• Mansur ibn Ilyas (14th century), physician
• Ibn Sina (Avicenna, 980–1037), philosopher and physician
• Isfahani, Jalaleddin (19th century), physician
• Isfahani, Husayn (15th century), physician
• Estakhri (?–957), geographer, gives the earliest known account of windmills
• Iranshahri (9th century), philosopher, teacher of Muhammad Zakaria Razi
• Al-Isfizari (11th-12th century), mathematician and astronomer

• Jabir ibn Hayyan (721–815), polymath, considered the father of chemistry, emphasized systematic experimentation, and did much to free alchemy from superstition and turn it into a science
• Jaghmini (14th century), physician
• Jaldaki (?–1342), physician
• Ismail_al-Jazari (12th century), polymath, mathematician, inventor
• Juvayni (1226–1283), historian
• Juwayni (1028–1085), philosopher, theologian
• Juzjani, Abu Ubaid (?–1070), physician
• Jamal al-Din, astronomer
• Jamasp, philosopher
• Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī (800–860), geometer

• Karaji (953–1029), mathematician
• Jamshid-i Kashani (c. 1380–1429), astronomer and mathematician
• Kashfi, Jafar (1775/6–1850/1), theologian
• Sadid al-Din al-Kazaruni (14th century), physician
• Kermani, Iwad (15th century), physician
• Kermani, Shams-ud-Din, Islamic scholar
• Al-Khazini (c. 1130), physicist
• Khayyam, Omar (1048–1131), poet, mathematician, and astronomer
• Khorasani, Sultan Ali (16th century), physician
• Al-Kharaqī, astronomer and mathematician
• Khujandi (c. 940–c. 1000), mathematician and astronomer
• Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (a.k.a. Al-Khwarazmi, c. 780–c. 850), creator of algorithm and algebra, mathematician and astronomer
• Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī, logician and philosopher
• Shams al-Din al-Khafri, astrologer
• Abū Sahl al-Qūhī, mathematician and astronomer
• Kubra, Najmeddin (1145–1220)
• Abu Ishaq al-Kubunani (d. after 1481), mathematician, astronomer
• Abu Zayn Kahhal, physician

• Mahani (9th century), mathematician and astronomer
• Majusi, Ibn Abbas (?–c. 890), physician
• Marvazi, Abu Taher (12th century), philosopher
• Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi, mathematician, astronomer, geographer
• Masawaiyh (777–857), or Masuya
• Mashallah ibn Athari (740–815), of Jewish origins, from Khorasan who designed the city of Baghdad based on Firouzabad
• Mirza Ali Hakim (17th century), physician
• Miskawayh (932–1030), philosopher
• Sharaf al-Zaman al-Marwazi, physician
• Hamdallah Mustawfi (1281–1349), geographer
• Mulla Sadra (1572–1640), philosopher
• Ibn al-Muqaffa' (?–756), founder of Arabic prose along with Abdol-Hamid
• bin Musa, Hasan (9th century), astronomer, mathematician
• bin Musa, Ahmad (9th century), astronomer, inventor
• bin Musa, Muhammad (9th century), astronomer, mathematician
• Muhammad ibn Muhammad Tabrizi (13th century), philosopher
• Abu Mansur al-Maturidi, Islamic scholar
• Muqatil ibn Sulayman, mufassir of Quran
• Ibn Manda, Hadith scholar
• Abu Ahmad Monajjem (b. 241/855-56, died in 13 Rabi' I 300/29 October 912), music theorist, literary historian.
• Masarjawaih (7th-century), physician
• Muhammad Abdolrahman, physician

• Nagawri (14th century), physician
• Nahavandi, Benjamin, Jewish scholar
• Nahavandi, Ahmad (9th century), astronomer
• Nakhshabi (14th century), physician
• Nasir Khusraw (1004–1088), scientist, Ismaili scholar, mathematician, philosopher, traveler and poet
• Natili Tabari (10th century), physician
• Naubakht (9th century), designer of the city of Baghdad
• Naubakht, Fadhl ibn (8th century), astronomer
• Nawbakhty (4th Hijri century), Islamic scholar, philosopher
• Nizam al-Din Nishapuri, mathematician, astronomer, jurist, exegete, and poet
• Nawbakhti, Ruh (10th century), Islamic scholar
• Nayrizi (865–922), mathematician and astronomer
• Naqshband, Baha ud-Din (1318–1389), philosopher
• Abu al-Qasim al-Habib Neishapuri (18th century), physician
• Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (c. 815–875), Islamic scholar
• Nurbakhshi (16th century), physician
• Abu Hafs Umar an-Nasafi, theologian, mufassir, muhaddith and historian
• Al-Nasa'i, hadith collector
• Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi, historian and biographer
• Abu Nu`aym, Islamic scholar

• Paul the Persian (6th century), philosopher

• Qazwini, Zakariya (1203–1283), physician
• Qumi, Qazi Sa’id (1633–1692), theologian
• Qumri (10th century), physician
• Ali Qushji (1403–16 December 1474), mathematician, astronomer and physician
• Ali al-Qari, Islamic scholar
• Ali Ibn Ibrahim Qomi, jurist and Shia scholar
• Al-Quda'i (d. 1062), judge, preacher and historian in Fatimid Egypt

• Razi, Amin (16th century), geographer
• Razi Amoli, Fakhreddin (1149–1209), philosopher
• Razi, Zakariya (Rhazes) (854–932), chemist and physicist
• Razi, Najmeddin (1177–1256), mystic
• Rumi, Jalal ad-Din Muhammad (1207–1273), Muslim poet, jurist, Islamic scholar, theologian, and Sufi mystic
• Rashid-al-Din Hamadani (1247–1318), historian, physician and politician
• Abu Hatim Ahmad ibn Hamdan al-Razi, Ismaili philosopher
• Rudaki (858-941), Persian Poet

• Sabzevari, Mulla Hadi (1797–1873), poet and philosopher
• Saghani Ostorlabi (?–990), astronomer
• Sahl, Fadl ibn (?–818), astronomer
• Sahl, Shapur ibn (?–869), physician
• Samarqandi, Najibeddin (13th century), physician
• Samarqandi, Ashraf (c. 1250–c. 1310), mathematician, astronomer
• Sarakhsi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad (?–1096), Islamic scholar
• Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib al-Sarakhsi, historian, traveller
• Shahrastani (1086–1153), historian of religions
• Shahrazuri (13th century), philosopher and physician
• Shahrazuri, Ibn al-Salah (1181–1245), Islamic scholar
• Shaykh Tusi (996–1067), Islamic scholar
• Ibn Babawayh (923–991), theologian
• Ibn Sahl, mathematician, physicist
• Abu ul-Ala Shirazi (d. 1001 CE), physician
• Shaykh Muhammad ibn Thaleb, physician
• Shirazi, Imad al-Din Mas'ud (16th century), physician
• Shirazi, Muhammad Hadi Khorasani (18th century), physician
• Shirazi, Qutbeddin (1236–1311), astronomer
• Shirazi, Mahmud ibn Ilyas (18th century), physician
• Shirazi, Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas (?–1330), physician
• Shirazi, Qurayshi (17th century), physician
• Shirazi, Sultan Waezin (1894–1971), theologian
• Sibawayh, linguist and grammarian
• Sijzi (c. 945–c. 1020), mathematician, astronomer and astrologer
• Sijzi, Mas'ud (14th century), physician
• Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (903–986), astronomer from Ray who invented the meridian ring
• Mūsā ibn Shākir, astronomer
• Suhrawardi, Shahab al-Din (1155–1191), philosopher
• Abu Sulayman Sijistani, philosopher
• ‘Abd ar-Razzaq as-San‘ani, Islamic scholar
• Zayn al-Din Omar Savaji, philosopher and logician
• Zeynalabdin Shirvani, geographer, philosopher and poet
• Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani, Ismaili philosopher
• Abu'l-'Anbas Saymari, astrologer

• Tabarani, Abu al-Qasim (873–970), Islamic scholar
• Tabari Amoli (839–923), historian
• Tabari, ibn Farrukhan (?–815), astrologer and architect
• Tabari, Abul Hasan (10th century), physician
• Tabari, Ibn Sahl (c. 783–c. 858), Jewish convert physician, master of Rhazes
• Tabrizi, Maqsud Ali (17th century), physician
• Taftazani (1322–1390), theologian, linguist
• Tayfur, Ibn Abi Tahir (819–893), linguist
• Tirmidhi (824–892), Islamic scholar
• Tunakabuni (17th century), physician
• Tughra'i (c. 1061–1122), physician
• Tusi, Nizam ol-Molk (1018–1092), Persian scholar and vizier of the Seljuq Empire
• Tusi, Nasireddin (1201–1274), Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian
• Tusi, Sharafeddin (?–1213/4), mathematician
• Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tha'labi, Islamic scholar
• 'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk, Persian or Turkish mathematician

• Safi al-Din al-Urmawi (c. 1216–1294 AD), musician
• Abu al‐Uqul al‐Tabari (14th century), Yemenite astronomer of Iranian origin

• Amin al-Din Rashid al-Din Vatvat (13th century), scholar and physician

• Waqidi (748–822), historian
• Wassaf, historian
• Al-Wabkanawi, astronomer

• Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq (?–796), mathematician and astronomer
• Yunus ibn Habib, linguist
• Yahya ibn Ma'in, Islamic scholar
• Yunus Al-Katib Al-Mughanni, musician
• Yahya ibn Abi Mansur (d. 830 CE), astronomer

• Zamakhshari (1074/5–1143/4), scholar and geographer
• Muhammad Zarrindast (11th century), oculist
• Zayn-e-Attar (?–c. 1403), physician
• Zarir Jurjani (9th century), mathematician and astronomer
• Zakariya al-Qazwini (d. 1283) physician, astronomer, geographer, and proto-science fiction writer

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Iranian_scholars

 

[Sugarcane]

War or no War, Social media should be banned

 

[YeBeWarned]

the problem with Totalitarian regime that their Govt's and hold on people are build on fake and fantasies . Iranian Mullah's manage to fool their General Public that they are invincible and No Yahood or Nasara can harm them or they do they will remove them from the face of the earth, or defeat them .. Social Media is one of the most prominent platforms where the young generations get their news and share their thoughts, by blocking it in war it might mean to hide the Defeat they will get from Americans .

But, Social media is also full of fake news which kinda harmful for any society or specially in case of turmoil .

 

[hasnainfirst]

War or no War, Social media should be banned

No hell , i can't live without PDF

 

[Wilhelm II]

List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars

• Abd al-Hamid al-Katib (?–756), founder of Arabic prose along with fellow Persian Ibn Muqaffa
• Abu al-Qasim Muqane'i10th century) physician
• Abu Dawood (c. 817–889), Islamic scholar
• Abu Hanifa (699–767), Islamic scholar
• Abu Said Gorgani (9th century)
• 'Adud al-Dawla (936–983), scientific patron
• Ahmad ibn Farrokh (12th century), physician
• Ahmad ibn 'Imad al-Din (11th century), physician and chemist
• Alavi Shirazi (1670–1747), royal physician to Mughal Empire of South Asia
• Amuli, Muhammad ibn Mahmud (c. 1300–1352), physician
• Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin (900–971), mathematician and astronomer
• Ansari, Khwaja Abdullah (1006–1088), Islamic scholar
• Aqa-Kermani (18th century), physician
• Aqsara'i (?–1379), physician
• Abu Hafsa Yazid, physician
• Arzani, Muqim (18th century), physician
• Astarabadi (15th century), physician
• Aufi, Muhammad (1171–1242), scientist and historian
• Albubather, physician and astrologer
• Ibn Abi al-Ashʿath, physician
• Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri, theologian and philosopher
• Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi, mathematician and astronomer

• Brethren of Purity
• Bahmanyār, philosopher
• Al-Baghawi (c. 1041–1122), Islamic scholar
• Bahai, Sheikh (1547–1621), poet, mathematician, astronomer, engineer, designer, faghih (religious scientist), and architect
• Al-Baladhuri (?–892), historian
• Abu Maʿshar (787–886), a.k.a. Albumasar, astrologer
• Abu Zayd al-Balkhi (850–934), geographer and mathematician
• Balkhi, Ibn, geographer
• Banū Mūsā brothers (9th century)
• Khalid ibn Barmak (705–782), Buddhist from Khorasan in the court of al-Mansur, initiated the Greek translation movement of the AbbasidHouse of Wisdom
• Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi, historian
• Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi, historian and Islamic scholar
• Al-Bayhaqi, faqih and muhadith
• Muhammad Baqir Behbahani (1706–1791), theologian
• Ibn Bibi (13th century), historian of the Seljuks of Rum
• Al-Biruni (973–1048), astronomer and mathematician
• Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870), Islamic scholar
• Sahl ibn Bishr (c. 786–845 ?), astrologer, mathematician
• Bukhtishu (8th century?), Persian Christian physician of Academy of Gundishapur
• Bukhtishu, Abdollah ibn (c. 940–1058), Christian physician in Persia
• Jabril ibn Bukhtishu (9th century), Christian physician
• Bukhtishu, Yuhanna (9th century), Christian physician
• Borzuya (6th century), a.k.a. Borzouyeh-i Tabib, physician of Academy of Gundishapur
• al-Birjandi (?–1528), astronomer and mathematician
• Muhammad Bal'ami, historian
• Abu Bakr Rabee Ibn Ahmad Al-Akhawyni Bokhari, physician
• Abu'l-Fadl al-Bal'ami

• Abu Hanifa Dinawari (815–896), polymath
• Ibn Qutaybah (828–885), historian

• Abubakr Esfarayeni (13th century?), physician

• Farghani (?–880), a.k.a. Alfraganus, astronomer
• Al-Farabi (872–950) (Al-Farabi, Pharabius), philosopher
• Fazari, Ibrahim (?–777), mathematician and astronomer
• Fazari, Mohammad (?–796), mathematician and astronomer
• Feyz Kashani, Mohsen (?–1680), theologian
• Firishta (1560-1620), historian
• Ibn al-Faqih, historian and geographer
• Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al‐Farisi (d. 1278/1279), astronomer
• Fazl b. Ruzbihan Khunji (1455–1521), religious scholar, historian and political writer

• Gardezi, Abu Said (?–1061), geographer and historian
• Ghazali (Algazel, 1058–1111), philosopher
• Gilani, Hakim (?–1609), royal physician
• Kushyar Gilani (971–1029), mathematician, geographer, astronomer
• Zayn al-Din Gorgani (1041–1136), royal physician
• Abu Said Gorgani (9th century), astronomer and mathematician
• Rostam Gorgani (16th century), physician
• Al-Masihi (?–999), Avicenn'a master

• Hakim Ghulam Imam, physician
• Hakim Muhammad Mehdi Naqi (18th century), physician
• Hakim Muhammad Sharif Khan (18th century), physician
• Hakim Nishaburi (933–1012), Islamic scholar
• Hallaj (858–922), mystic-philosopher
• Hamadani, Mir Sayyid Ali (1314–1384), poet and philosopher
• Harawi, Abolfadl (10th century), astronomer of Buyid dynasty
• Harawi, Muwaffak (10th century), pharmacologist
• Harawi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf (died 1542), physician
• Hasani, Qavameddin (17th century), physician
• Ibn Hindu (1019–1032), man of letters, physician
• Haji Bektash Veli, mystic
• Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani, jurisconsult, mystic, philosopher, poet and mathematician
• Haseb Tabari, astronomer
• Hammam ibn Munabbih, Islamic scholar
• Hamza al-Isfahani (ca. 893–after 961), philologist and historian
• Abu Ja'far ibn Habash

• Ibn Abi Sadiq (11th century), "The Second Hippocrates", Avicenna's disciple
• Ibn Khordadbeh (c. 820–912), geographer
• Ibn Rustah (9th century), explorer and geographer
• Ilaqi, Yusef (11th century), Avicenna's pupil
• Mansur ibn Ilyas (14th century), physician
• Ibn Sina (Avicenna, 980–1037), philosopher and physician
• Isfahani, Jalaleddin (19th century), physician
• Isfahani, Husayn (15th century), physician
• Estakhri (?–957), geographer, gives the earliest known account of windmills
• Iranshahri (9th century), philosopher, teacher of Muhammad Zakaria Razi
• Al-Isfizari (11th-12th century), mathematician and astronomer

• Jabir ibn Hayyan (721–815), polymath, considered the father of chemistry, emphasized systematic experimentation, and did much to free alchemy from superstition and turn it into a science
• Jaghmini (14th century), physician
• Jaldaki (?–1342), physician
• Ismail_al-Jazari (12th century), polymath, mathematician, inventor
• Juvayni (1226–1283), historian
• Juwayni (1028–1085), philosopher, theologian
• Juzjani, Abu Ubaid (?–1070), physician
• Jamal al-Din, astronomer
• Jamasp, philosopher
• Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī (800–860), geometer

• Karaji (953–1029), mathematician
• Jamshid-i Kashani (c. 1380–1429), astronomer and mathematician
• Kashfi, Jafar (1775/6–1850/1), theologian
• Sadid al-Din al-Kazaruni (14th century), physician
• Kermani, Iwad (15th century), physician
• Kermani, Shams-ud-Din, Islamic scholar
• Al-Khazini (c. 1130), physicist
• Khayyam, Omar (1048–1131), poet, mathematician, and astronomer
• Khorasani, Sultan Ali (16th century), physician
• Al-Kharaqī, astronomer and mathematician
• Khujandi (c. 940–c. 1000), mathematician and astronomer
• Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (a.k.a. Al-Khwarazmi, c. 780–c. 850), creator of algorithm and algebra, mathematician and astronomer
• Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī, logician and philosopher
• Shams al-Din al-Khafri, astrologer
• Abū Sahl al-Qūhī, mathematician and astronomer
• Kubra, Najmeddin (1145–1220)
• Abu Ishaq al-Kubunani (d. after 1481), mathematician, astronomer
• Abu Zayn Kahhal, physician

• Mahani (9th century), mathematician and astronomer
• Majusi, Ibn Abbas (?–c. 890), physician
• Marvazi, Abu Taher (12th century), philosopher
• Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi, mathematician, astronomer, geographer
• Masawaiyh (777–857), or Masuya
• Mashallah ibn Athari (740–815), of Jewish origins, from Khorasan who designed the city of Baghdad based on Firouzabad
• Mirza Ali Hakim (17th century), physician
• Miskawayh (932–1030), philosopher
• Sharaf al-Zaman al-Marwazi, physician
• Hamdallah Mustawfi (1281–1349), geographer
• Mulla Sadra (1572–1640), philosopher
• Ibn al-Muqaffa' (?–756), founder of Arabic prose along with Abdol-Hamid
• bin Musa, Hasan (9th century), astronomer, mathematician
• bin Musa, Ahmad (9th century), astronomer, inventor
• bin Musa, Muhammad (9th century), astronomer, mathematician
• Muhammad ibn Muhammad Tabrizi (13th century), philosopher
• Abu Mansur al-Maturidi, Islamic scholar
• Muqatil ibn Sulayman, mufassir of Quran
• Ibn Manda, Hadith scholar
• Abu Ahmad Monajjem (b. 241/855-56, died in 13 Rabi' I 300/29 October 912), music theorist, literary historian.
• Masarjawaih (7th-century), physician
• Muhammad Abdolrahman, physician

• Nagawri (14th century), physician
• Nahavandi, Benjamin, Jewish scholar
• Nahavandi, Ahmad (9th century), astronomer
• Nakhshabi (14th century), physician
• Nasir Khusraw (1004–1088), scientist, Ismaili scholar, mathematician, philosopher, traveler and poet
• Natili Tabari (10th century), physician
• Naubakht (9th century), designer of the city of Baghdad
• Naubakht, Fadhl ibn (8th century), astronomer
• Nawbakhty (4th Hijri century), Islamic scholar, philosopher
• Nizam al-Din Nishapuri, mathematician, astronomer, jurist, exegete, and poet
• Nawbakhti, Ruh (10th century), Islamic scholar
• Nayrizi (865–922), mathematician and astronomer
• Naqshband, Baha ud-Din (1318–1389), philosopher
• Abu al-Qasim al-Habib Neishapuri (18th century), physician
• Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (c. 815–875), Islamic scholar
• Nurbakhshi (16th century), physician
• Abu Hafs Umar an-Nasafi, theologian, mufassir, muhaddith and historian
• Al-Nasa'i, hadith collector
• Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi, historian and biographer
• Abu Nu`aym, Islamic scholar

• Paul the Persian (6th century), philosopher

• Qazwini, Zakariya (1203–1283), physician
• Qumi, Qazi Sa’id (1633–1692), theologian
• Qumri (10th century), physician
• Ali Qushji (1403–16 December 1474), mathematician, astronomer and physician
• Ali al-Qari, Islamic scholar
• Ali Ibn Ibrahim Qomi, jurist and Shia scholar
• Al-Quda'i (d. 1062), judge, preacher and historian in Fatimid Egypt

• Razi, Amin (16th century), geographer
• Razi Amoli, Fakhreddin (1149–1209), philosopher
• Razi, Zakariya (Rhazes) (854–932), chemist and physicist
• Razi, Najmeddin (1177–1256), mystic
• Rumi, Jalal ad-Din Muhammad (1207–1273), Muslim poet, jurist, Islamic scholar, theologian, and Sufi mystic
• Rashid-al-Din Hamadani (1247–1318), historian, physician and politician
• Abu Hatim Ahmad ibn Hamdan al-Razi, Ismaili philosopher
• Rudaki (858-941), Persian Poet

• Sabzevari, Mulla Hadi (1797–1873), poet and philosopher
• Saghani Ostorlabi (?–990), astronomer
• Sahl, Fadl ibn (?–818), astronomer
• Sahl, Shapur ibn (?–869), physician
• Samarqandi, Najibeddin (13th century), physician
• Samarqandi, Ashraf (c. 1250–c. 1310), mathematician, astronomer
• Sarakhsi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad (?–1096), Islamic scholar
• Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib al-Sarakhsi, historian, traveller
• Shahrastani (1086–1153), historian of religions
• Shahrazuri (13th century), philosopher and physician
• Shahrazuri, Ibn al-Salah (1181–1245), Islamic scholar
• Shaykh Tusi (996–1067), Islamic scholar
• Ibn Babawayh (923–991), theologian
• Ibn Sahl, mathematician, physicist
• Abu ul-Ala Shirazi (d. 1001 CE), physician
• Shaykh Muhammad ibn Thaleb, physician
• Shirazi, Imad al-Din Mas'ud (16th century), physician
• Shirazi, Muhammad Hadi Khorasani (18th century), physician
• Shirazi, Qutbeddin (1236–1311), astronomer
• Shirazi, Mahmud ibn Ilyas (18th century), physician
• Shirazi, Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas (?–1330), physician
• Shirazi, Qurayshi (17th century), physician
• Shirazi, Sultan Waezin (1894–1971), theologian
• Sibawayh, linguist and grammarian
• Sijzi (c. 945–c. 1020), mathematician, astronomer and astrologer
• Sijzi, Mas'ud (14th century), physician
• Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (903–986), astronomer from Ray who invented the meridian ring
• Mūsā ibn Shākir, astronomer
• Suhrawardi, Shahab al-Din (1155–1191), philosopher
• Abu Sulayman Sijistani, philosopher
• ‘Abd ar-Razzaq as-San‘ani, Islamic scholar
• Zayn al-Din Omar Savaji, philosopher and logician
• Zeynalabdin Shirvani, geographer, philosopher and poet
• Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani, Ismaili philosopher
• Abu'l-'Anbas Saymari, astrologer

• Tabarani, Abu al-Qasim (873–970), Islamic scholar
• Tabari Amoli (839–923), historian
• Tabari, ibn Farrukhan (?–815), astrologer and architect
• Tabari, Abul Hasan (10th century), physician
• Tabari, Ibn Sahl (c. 783–c. 858), Jewish convert physician, master of Rhazes
• Tabrizi, Maqsud Ali (17th century), physician
• Taftazani (1322–1390), theologian, linguist
• Tayfur, Ibn Abi Tahir (819–893), linguist
• Tirmidhi (824–892), Islamic scholar
• Tunakabuni (17th century), physician
• Tughra'i (c. 1061–1122), physician
• Tusi, Nizam ol-Molk (1018–1092), Persian scholar and vizier of the Seljuq Empire
• Tusi, Nasireddin (1201–1274), Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian
• Tusi, Sharafeddin (?–1213/4), mathematician
• Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tha'labi, Islamic scholar
• 'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk, Persian or Turkish mathematician

• Safi al-Din al-Urmawi (c. 1216–1294 AD), musician
• Abu al‐Uqul al‐Tabari (14th century), Yemenite astronomer of Iranian origin

• Amin al-Din Rashid al-Din Vatvat (13th century), scholar and physician

• Waqidi (748–822), historian
• Wassaf, historian
• Al-Wabkanawi, astronomer

• Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq (?–796), mathematician and astronomer
• Yunus ibn Habib, linguist
• Yahya ibn Ma'in, Islamic scholar
• Yunus Al-Katib Al-Mughanni, musician
• Yahya ibn Abi Mansur (d. 830 CE), astronomer

• Zamakhshari (1074/5–1143/4), scholar and geographer
• Muhammad Zarrindast (11th century), oculist
• Zayn-e-Attar (?–c. 1403), physician
• Zarir Jurjani (9th century), mathematician and astronomer
• Zakariya al-Qazwini (d. 1283) physician, astronomer, geographer, and proto-science fiction writer

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Iranian_scholars

Are you serious? What this list can say here?!!!!

 

[hasnainfirst]

Are you serious? What this list can say here?!!!!

OP said that Iranians were never known for their intelligence so he made some quick searches and proved that Iranians are "intelligent" ...

 

[Aramagedon]

Unfortunately the very long period of british colonization has had it’s bad effects on minds of pakistanis so they can’t even imagine life without western services.


Iran the oldest country in the world

Tehran

Settlement of Tehran dates back over 7,000 years.[8] An important historical city in the area of modern-day Tehran, now absorbed by it, is known as "Rey", which is etymologically connected to the Old Persian and Avestan "Rhages".[9] The city was a major area of the Iranian speaking Medes and Achaemenids.

In the Zoroastrian Avesta's Videvdad (i, 15), Rhaga is mentioned as the twelfth sacred place created by Ahura-Mazda.[10] In the Old Persian inscriptions (Behistun 2, 10–18), Rhaga appears as a province. From Rhaga, Darius the Great sent reinforcements to his father Hystaspes, who was putting down the rebellion in Parthia (Behistun 3, 1–10).[10]

Rey is richer than many other ancient cities in the number of its historical monuments, among which one might refer to the 3000-year-old Gebri castle, the 5000-year-old Cheshmeh Ali hill, the 1000-year-old Bibi Shahr Banoo tomb and Shah Abbasi caravanserai. It has been home to pillars of science like Rhazes.

The Damavand mountain located near the city also appears in the Shahnameh as the place where Freydun bounds the dragon-fiend Zahak. Damavand is important in Persian mythological and legendary events.[11]Kyumars, the Zoroastrian prototype of human beings and the first king in the Shahnameh, was said to have resided in Damavand.[11] In these legends, the foundation of the city of Damavand was attributed to him.[11] Arash the Archer, who sacrificed his body by giving all his strength to the arrow that demarcated Iran and Turan, shot his arrow from Mount Damavand.[11]This Persian legend was celebrated every year in theTiregan festival. A popular feast is reported to have been held in the city of Damavand on 7 Shawwal 1230, or in Gregorian calendar, 31 August 1815. During the alleged feast the people celebrated the anniversary of Zahak's death.[11] In the Zoroastrian legends, the tyrant Zahak is to finally be killed by the Iranian hero Garshaspbefore the final days.[11]

In some Middle Persian texts, Rey is given as the birthplace of Zoroaster,[12] although modern historians generally place the birth of Zoroaster in Khorasan. In one Persian tradition, the legendary king Manuchehr was also born in Damavand.[11]

There is also a shrine there, dedicated to commemorate Princess Shahr Banu, eldest daughter of the last ruler of the Sassanid Empire. She gave birth to Ali Zayn al Abidin (PBUH), the fourth holy Imam of the Shia Islam. This was through her marriage to Hussain ibn Ali (PBUH), the grandson of prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

Tehran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rey, Iran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Zagros (Kermanshah)

Signs of early agriculture date back as far as 9000 BC to the foothills of the Zagros Mountains,[13] in cities later named Anshan and Susa. Jarmo is one archaeological site in this area. Shanidar, where the ancient skeletal remains of Neanderthals have been found, is another.

Some of the earliest evidence of wine production has been discovered in the Zagros Mountains; both the settlements of Hajji Firuz Tepe and Godin Tepe have given evidence of wine storage dating between 3500 and 5400 BC.[14]

During early ancient times, the Zagros was the home of peoples such as the Kassites, Guti, Assyrians, Elamites andMitanni, who periodically invaded the Sumerian and/orAkkadian cities of Mesopotamia. The mountains create a geographic barrier between the flatlands of Mesopotamia, which is in Iraq, and the Iranian plateau. A small archive ofclay tablets detailing the complex interactions of these groups in the early second millennium BC has been found at Tell Shemshara along the Little Zab.[15] Tell Bazmusian, near Shemshara, was occupied between the sixth millennium BCE and the ninth century CE, although not continuously.[16]

Zagros Mountains - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Kashan

Archeological discoveries in the Sialk Hillocks which lie 4 km west of Kashan reveal that this region was one of the primary centers of civilization in pre-historic ages. Hence Kashan dates back to the Elamite period of Iran. The Sialk ziggurat still stands today in the suburbs of Kashan after 7,000 years.

The artifacts uncovered at Sialk reside in the Louvre in Paris and the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art, and Iran's National Museum.

Sialk, and the entire area around it, is thought to have first originated as a result of the pristine large water sources nearby that still run today. The Cheshmeh ye Soleiman (or "Solomon's Spring") has been bringing water to this area from nearby mountains for thousands of years.

By some accounts although not all Kashan was the origin of the three wise men who followed the star that guided them to Bethlehem to witness the nativity of Jesus, as recounted in the Bible.[3] Whatever the historical validity of this story, the attribution of Kashan as their original home testifies to the city's prestige at the time the story was set down.

Sultan Malik Shah I of the Seljuk dynasty ordered the building of a fortress in the middle of Kashan in the 11th century. The fortress walls, called Ghal'eh Jalali still stand today in central Kashan.

Kashan was also a leisure vacation spot for SafaviKings. Bagh-e Fin (Fin Garden), specifically, is one of the most famous gardens of Iran. This beautiful garden with its pool and orchards was designed for Shah Abbas I as a classical Persian vision of paradise. The original Safavid buildings have been substantially replaced and rebuilt by the Qajar dynasty although the layout of trees and marble basins is close to the original. The garden itself however, was first founded 7000 years ago alongside the Cheshmeh-ye-Soleiman. The garden is also notorious as the site of the murder of Mirza Taghi Khan known as Amir Kabir, chancellor of Nasser-al-Din Shah, Iran's King in 1852.

Kashan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tepe Sialk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Chogha Mish

Tappeh-ye Choghā Mīsh (Persian language; ČOḠĀ MĪŠ) dating back to 6800 BC, is the site of a Chalcolithicsettlement in Western Iran, located in the Khuzistan Province on the Susiana Plain. It was occupied at the beginning of 6800 BC and continuously from the Neolithicup to the Proto-Literate period.

Musicians portrayed on pottery found at Chogha Mish

Chogha Mish was a regional center during the late Uruk period of Mesopotamia and is important today for information about the development of writing. At Chogha Mish, evidence begins with an accounting system using clay tokens, over time changing to clay tablets with marks, finally to the cuneiform writing system.

Chogha Mish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chogha Bonut - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Marhasi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Haft Tepe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chogha Zanbil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Signs of 9000-year-old settlement found in Iran's Behbahan


Lorestan

Lorestān bronze is a set of Early Iron Age bronze artifacts of various individual forms which have been recovered from Lorestān and Kermanshah areas in west-central Iran. They include a great number of weapons, ornaments, tools, and ceremonial objects. The artifacts were created by a major group of Persian aboriginals known as Lurs.

Lorestani Bronze objects were taken illegally to Europe via Mesopotamia and to cover up most of the items taken they called them Mesopotamian while in fact there are no similarities what so ever between the Persian Bronze objects excavated in Lorestan 1943 to 1968, which were dated to be from 5000 BC. The hair pins and four men holding a cup were typical of that period which once again separates Iranian development from whatever was going on in so called Sumerian areas. Typical Lorestāni-style objects belong to the (Iranian) Iron Age (c. 1250-650 BC).

The term "Lorestān bronze" is not normally used for earlier bronze artifacts from Luristan between the fourth millennium BC and the (Iranian) Bronze Age (c. 2900-1250 BC). These bronze objects were similar to those found in Mesopotamia and on the Iranian plateau.

Swords and axes from Lorestān; on exhibit at the Louvre Museum

Cave painting in Doushe cave, Lorestan, Iran, 8000 BC

In 1930 a large quantity of canonical Lorestān bronze artifacts appeared on the Iranian and European antiquities markets as a result of plundering of tombs in this region. Since 1938 several scientific excavations were conducted by American, Danish, British, Belgian, and Iranian archaeologists on the graveyards with stone tombs in the northern Pish Kuh valleys and the southern Pusht Kuh of Lorestān.

Lorestan Province - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lorestān Bronze - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Zayandeh River (Ispahan)

Zayandeh River Culture (تمدن زاینده رود, literally "Zāyandé-Rūd Civilization") is a hypothetical pre-historic culture that is theorized to have flourished around the Zayandeh River in Ispahan province of Iran in 6,000 BC.

Archaeologists speculate that a possible early civilizationexisted along the banks of the Zayandeh River, developing at the same time as other ancient civilizations appeared alongside rivers in the region.

Link with Sialk and Marvdasht civilizations

During the 2006 excavations, the Iranian archaeologistsuncovered some artifacts that they linked to those from Sialk and Marvdasht.[2]

Zayandeh River Culture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Shahdad (Kerman)

Shahdad (Persian: شهداد‎) is a city in and the capital of Shahdad District, in Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,097, in 1,010 families.

Shahdad is the centre of Shahdad district which includes smaller cities and villages such as Sirch, Anduhjerd, Chehar Farsakh, Go-diz, Keshit, Ibrahim Abad, Joshan and Dehseif.

The driving distance from Kermancity to Shahdad is 95 km. Shahdad is located at the edge of the Lut desert. The local climate is hot and dry. The main agricultural produce is date fruits.

Ancient bronze flag, Shahdad Kerman, Iran

There are many castles and caravanserais at Shahdad and around. Examples are the Shafee Abaad castle and the Godeez castle. North of town the Aratta civilization villageand dwarf humans are said to have existed since 6,000 BC. Sharain of emam Zadeh Zeyd, south of town, is the most respected religious site of Shahdad.

The oldest metal flag in human history was found in this city.

Shahdad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Tepe Yahya

Tepe Yahya is an archaeological site in Kermān Province,Iran, some 220 km south of Kerman city, 90 km south of Baft city and 90 km south-west of Jiroft.

Habitation spans the 6th to 2nd millennia BCE and the 10th to 4th centuries BCE. In the 3rd millennium BCE, the city was a production center of chlorite pottery which were exported to Mesopotamia. In this period, the area was under Elamite influence, and tablets with Proto-Elamite inscriptions were found. [1]

The site is a circular mound, around 20 meters in height and around 187 meters in diameter. [2] It was excavated in six seasons from 1967 to 1975 by the American School of Prehistoric Research of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology of Harvard University in a joint operation with what is now the Shiraz University. The expedition was under the direction of C. C. Lamberg-Karlovsky.

Periodization is as follows:
Period I Sasanian pre: 200 BC-400 A.D.
Period II Achaemenian(?): 275-500 B.C.
Period III Iron Age: 500-1000 B.C.
Period IV A Elamite?: 2200-2500 B.C.
IV B Proto-Elamite: 2500-3000 B.C.
IV C Proto-Elamite: 3000-3400 B.C.
Period V Yahya Culture: 3400-3800 B.C.
Period VI Coarse Ware-Neolithic: 3800-4500 B.C.
Period VII: 4500-5500 B.C.

Tepe Yahya - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Susa

Susa (ˈsuːsə/; Persian: شوش‎Shush; [ʃuʃ]; Hebrew שׁוּשָׁן Shushān;Greek: Σοῦσα [ˈsuːsa]; Syriac: ܫܘܫShush; Old Persian Çūšā) was an ancient city of the Elamite, First Persian Empire and Parthianempires of Iran. It is located in the lower Zagros Mountains about 250 km (160 mi) east of the Tigris River, between the Karkheh andDez Rivers.

The modern Iranian town of Shush is located at the site of ancient Susa. Shush is the administrative capital of the Shush County of Iran's Khuzestan province. It had a population of 64,960 in 2005.[1]


Map showing the area of the Elamite kingdom (in red) and the neighboring areas. The approximate Bronze Age extension of the Persian Gulf is shown.
In historic literature, Susa appears in the very earliest Sumerian records: for example, it is described as one of the places obedient to Inanna, patron deity of Uruk, in Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta.

Susa is also mentioned in the Ketuvim of the Hebrew Bibleby the name Shushan, mainly in Esther, but also once each in Nehemiah and Daniel. Both Daniel and Nehemiah lived in Susa during the Babylonian captivity of the 6th century BCE. Esther became queen there, and saved the Jews from genocide. A tomb presumed to be that of Daniel is located in the area, known as Shush-Daniel. The tomb is marked by an unusual white stone cone, which is neither regular nor symmetric. Many scholars believe it was at one point aStar of David. Susa is further mentioned in the Book of Jubilees (8:21 & 9:2) as one of the places within the inheritance of Shem and his eldest son Elam; and in 8:1, "Susan" is also named as the son (or daughter, in some translations) of Elam.

Greek mythology attributed the founding of Susa to kingMemnon of Aethiopia, a character from Homer's Trojan War epic, the Iliad.

Proto-Elamite

In urban history, Susa is one of the oldest-known settlements of the region. Based on C14 dating, the foundation of a settlement there occurred as early as 4395 BCE (a calibrated radio-carbon date).[2] Archeologists have dated the first traces of an inhabited Neolithic village to c 7000 BCE. Evidence of a painted-pottery civilization has been dated to c 5000 BCE.[3] Its name in Elamite was written variously Ŝuŝan, Ŝuŝun, etc. The origin of the wordSusa is from the local city deity Inshushinak. Like itsChalcolithic neighbor Uruk, Susa began as a discrete settlement in the Susa I period (c 4000 BCE). Two settlements called Acropolis (7 ha) and Apadana (6.3 ha) by archeologists, would later merge to form Susa proper (18 ha).[4] The Apadana was enclosed by 6m thick walls oframmed earth. The founding of Susa corresponded with the abandonment of nearby villages. Potts suggests that the city may have been founded to try to reestablish the previously destroyed settlement at Chogha Mish.[4] Susa was firmly within the Uruk cultural sphere during the Uruk period. An imitation of the entire state apparatus of Uruk,proto-writing, cylinder seals with Sumerian motifs, and monumental architecture, is found at Susa. Susa may have been a colony of Uruk. As such, the periodization of Susa corresponds to Uruk; Early, Middle and Late Susa II periods (3800–3100 BCE) correspond to Early, Middle, and Late Uruk periods.

By the middle Susa II period, the city had grown to 25 ha.[4]Susa III (3100–2900 BCE) corresponds with Uruk III period. Ambiguous reference to Elam (Cuneiform; NIM) appear also in this period in Sumerian records. Susa enters history during the Early Dynastic period of Sumer. A battle between Kish and Susa is recorded in 2700 BCE.

Susa Cemetery

Shortly after Susa was first settled 6000 years ago, its inhabitants erected a temple on a monumental platform that rose over the flat surrounding landscape. The exceptional nature of the site is still recognizable today in the artistry of the ceramic vessels that were placed as offerings in a thousand or more graves near the base of the temple platform. Nearly two thousand pots were recovered from the cemetery most of them now in theLouvre. The vessels found are eloquent testimony to the artistic and technical achievements of their makers, and they hold clues about the organization of the society that commissioned them.[5] Painted ceramic vessels from Susa in the earliest first style are a late, regional version of the Mesopotamian Ubaid ceramic tradition that spread across the Near East during the fifth millennium B.C.[5]

Susa I style was very much a product of the past and of influences from contemporary ceramic industries in the mountains of western Iran. The recurrence in close association of vessels of three types—a drinking goblet or beaker, a serving dish, and a small jar—implies the consumption of three types of food, apparently thought to be as necessary for life in the afterworld as it is in this one. Ceramics of these shapes, which were painted, constitute a large proportion of the vessels from the cemetery. Others are course cooking-type jars and bowls with simple bands painted on them and were probably the grave goods of the sites of humbler citizens as well as adolescents and, perhaps, children.[6] The pottery is carefully made by hand. Although a slow wheel may have been employed, the asymmetry of the vessels and the irregularity of the drawing of encircling lines and bands indicate that most of the work was done freehand.

Susa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Elam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

[Wilhelm II]

OP said that Iranians were never known for their intelligence so he made some quick searches and proved that Iranians are "intelligent" ...

Today is important

 

[PaklovesTurkiye]

List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars

• Abd al-Hamid al-Katib (?–756), founder of Arabic prose along with fellow Persian Ibn Muqaffa
• Abu al-Qasim Muqane'i10th century) physician
• Abu Dawood (c. 817–889), Islamic scholar
• Abu Hanifa (699–767), Islamic scholar
• Abu Said Gorgani (9th century)
• 'Adud al-Dawla (936–983), scientific patron
• Ahmad ibn Farrokh (12th century), physician
• Ahmad ibn 'Imad al-Din (11th century), physician and chemist
• Alavi Shirazi (1670–1747), royal physician to Mughal Empire of South Asia
• Amuli, Muhammad ibn Mahmud (c. 1300–1352), physician
• Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin (900–971), mathematician and astronomer
• Ansari, Khwaja Abdullah (1006–1088), Islamic scholar
• Aqa-Kermani (18th century), physician
• Aqsara'i (?–1379), physician
• Abu Hafsa Yazid, physician
• Arzani, Muqim (18th century), physician
• Astarabadi (15th century), physician
• Aufi, Muhammad (1171–1242), scientist and historian
• Albubather, physician and astrologer
• Ibn Abi al-Ashʿath, physician
• Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri, theologian and philosopher
• Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi, mathematician and astronomer

• Brethren of Purity
• Bahmanyār, philosopher
• Al-Baghawi (c. 1041–1122), Islamic scholar
• Bahai, Sheikh (1547–1621), poet, mathematician, astronomer, engineer, designer, faghih (religious scientist), and architect
• Al-Baladhuri (?–892), historian
• Abu Maʿshar (787–886), a.k.a. Albumasar, astrologer
• Abu Zayd al-Balkhi (850–934), geographer and mathematician
• Balkhi, Ibn, geographer
• Banū Mūsā brothers (9th century)
• Khalid ibn Barmak (705–782), Buddhist from Khorasan in the court of al-Mansur, initiated the Greek translation movement of the AbbasidHouse of Wisdom
• Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi, historian
• Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi, historian and Islamic scholar
• Al-Bayhaqi, faqih and muhadith
• Muhammad Baqir Behbahani (1706–1791), theologian
• Ibn Bibi (13th century), historian of the Seljuks of Rum
• Al-Biruni (973–1048), astronomer and mathematician
• Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870), Islamic scholar
• Sahl ibn Bishr (c. 786–845 ?), astrologer, mathematician
• Bukhtishu (8th century?), Persian Christian physician of Academy of Gundishapur
• Bukhtishu, Abdollah ibn (c. 940–1058), Christian physician in Persia
• Jabril ibn Bukhtishu (9th century), Christian physician
• Bukhtishu, Yuhanna (9th century), Christian physician
• Borzuya (6th century), a.k.a. Borzouyeh-i Tabib, physician of Academy of Gundishapur
• al-Birjandi (?–1528), astronomer and mathematician
• Muhammad Bal'ami, historian
• Abu Bakr Rabee Ibn Ahmad Al-Akhawyni Bokhari, physician
• Abu'l-Fadl al-Bal'ami

• Abu Hanifa Dinawari (815–896), polymath
• Ibn Qutaybah (828–885), historian

• Abubakr Esfarayeni (13th century?), physician

• Farghani (?–880), a.k.a. Alfraganus, astronomer
• Al-Farabi (872–950) (Al-Farabi, Pharabius), philosopher
• Fazari, Ibrahim (?–777), mathematician and astronomer
• Fazari, Mohammad (?–796), mathematician and astronomer
• Feyz Kashani, Mohsen (?–1680), theologian
• Firishta (1560-1620), historian
• Ibn al-Faqih, historian and geographer
• Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al‐Farisi (d. 1278/1279), astronomer
• Fazl b. Ruzbihan Khunji (1455–1521), religious scholar, historian and political writer

• Gardezi, Abu Said (?–1061), geographer and historian
• Ghazali (Algazel, 1058–1111), philosopher
• Gilani, Hakim (?–1609), royal physician
• Kushyar Gilani (971–1029), mathematician, geographer, astronomer
• Zayn al-Din Gorgani (1041–1136), royal physician
• Abu Said Gorgani (9th century), astronomer and mathematician
• Rostam Gorgani (16th century), physician
• Al-Masihi (?–999), Avicenn'a master

• Hakim Ghulam Imam, physician
• Hakim Muhammad Mehdi Naqi (18th century), physician
• Hakim Muhammad Sharif Khan (18th century), physician
• Hakim Nishaburi (933–1012), Islamic scholar
• Hallaj (858–922), mystic-philosopher
• Hamadani, Mir Sayyid Ali (1314–1384), poet and philosopher
• Harawi, Abolfadl (10th century), astronomer of Buyid dynasty
• Harawi, Muwaffak (10th century), pharmacologist
• Harawi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf (died 1542), physician
• Hasani, Qavameddin (17th century), physician
• Ibn Hindu (1019–1032), man of letters, physician
• Haji Bektash Veli, mystic
• Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani, jurisconsult, mystic, philosopher, poet and mathematician
• Haseb Tabari, astronomer
• Hammam ibn Munabbih, Islamic scholar
• Hamza al-Isfahani (ca. 893–after 961), philologist and historian
• Abu Ja'far ibn Habash

• Ibn Abi Sadiq (11th century), "The Second Hippocrates", Avicenna's disciple
• Ibn Khordadbeh (c. 820–912), geographer
• Ibn Rustah (9th century), explorer and geographer
• Ilaqi, Yusef (11th century), Avicenna's pupil
• Mansur ibn Ilyas (14th century), physician
• Ibn Sina (Avicenna, 980–1037), philosopher and physician
• Isfahani, Jalaleddin (19th century), physician
• Isfahani, Husayn (15th century), physician
• Estakhri (?–957), geographer, gives the earliest known account of windmills
• Iranshahri (9th century), philosopher, teacher of Muhammad Zakaria Razi
• Al-Isfizari (11th-12th century), mathematician and astronomer

• Jabir ibn Hayyan (721–815), polymath, considered the father of chemistry, emphasized systematic experimentation, and did much to free alchemy from superstition and turn it into a science
• Jaghmini (14th century), physician
• Jaldaki (?–1342), physician
• Ismail_al-Jazari (12th century), polymath, mathematician, inventor
• Juvayni (1226–1283), historian
• Juwayni (1028–1085), philosopher, theologian
• Juzjani, Abu Ubaid (?–1070), physician
• Jamal al-Din, astronomer
• Jamasp, philosopher
• Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī (800–860), geometer

• Karaji (953–1029), mathematician
• Jamshid-i Kashani (c. 1380–1429), astronomer and mathematician
• Kashfi, Jafar (1775/6–1850/1), theologian
• Sadid al-Din al-Kazaruni (14th century), physician
• Kermani, Iwad (15th century), physician
• Kermani, Shams-ud-Din, Islamic scholar
• Al-Khazini (c. 1130), physicist
• Khayyam, Omar (1048–1131), poet, mathematician, and astronomer
• Khorasani, Sultan Ali (16th century), physician
• Al-Kharaqī, astronomer and mathematician
• Khujandi (c. 940–c. 1000), mathematician and astronomer
• Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (a.k.a. Al-Khwarazmi, c. 780–c. 850), creator of algorithm and algebra, mathematician and astronomer
• Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī, logician and philosopher
• Shams al-Din al-Khafri, astrologer
• Abū Sahl al-Qūhī, mathematician and astronomer
• Kubra, Najmeddin (1145–1220)
• Abu Ishaq al-Kubunani (d. after 1481), mathematician, astronomer
• Abu Zayn Kahhal, physician

• Mahani (9th century), mathematician and astronomer
• Majusi, Ibn Abbas (?–c. 890), physician
• Marvazi, Abu Taher (12th century), philosopher
• Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi, mathematician, astronomer, geographer
• Masawaiyh (777–857), or Masuya
• Mashallah ibn Athari (740–815), of Jewish origins, from Khorasan who designed the city of Baghdad based on Firouzabad
• Mirza Ali Hakim (17th century), physician
• Miskawayh (932–1030), philosopher
• Sharaf al-Zaman al-Marwazi, physician
• Hamdallah Mustawfi (1281–1349), geographer
• Mulla Sadra (1572–1640), philosopher
• Ibn al-Muqaffa' (?–756), founder of Arabic prose along with Abdol-Hamid
• bin Musa, Hasan (9th century), astronomer, mathematician
• bin Musa, Ahmad (9th century), astronomer, inventor
• bin Musa, Muhammad (9th century), astronomer, mathematician
• Muhammad ibn Muhammad Tabrizi (13th century), philosopher
• Abu Mansur al-Maturidi, Islamic scholar
• Muqatil ibn Sulayman, mufassir of Quran
• Ibn Manda, Hadith scholar
• Abu Ahmad Monajjem (b. 241/855-56, died in 13 Rabi' I 300/29 October 912), music theorist, literary historian.
• Masarjawaih (7th-century), physician
• Muhammad Abdolrahman, physician

• Nagawri (14th century), physician
• Nahavandi, Benjamin, Jewish scholar
• Nahavandi, Ahmad (9th century), astronomer
• Nakhshabi (14th century), physician
• Nasir Khusraw (1004–1088), scientist, Ismaili scholar, mathematician, philosopher, traveler and poet
• Natili Tabari (10th century), physician
• Naubakht (9th century), designer of the city of Baghdad
• Naubakht, Fadhl ibn (8th century), astronomer
• Nawbakhty (4th Hijri century), Islamic scholar, philosopher
• Nizam al-Din Nishapuri, mathematician, astronomer, jurist, exegete, and poet
• Nawbakhti, Ruh (10th century), Islamic scholar
• Nayrizi (865–922), mathematician and astronomer
• Naqshband, Baha ud-Din (1318–1389), philosopher
• Abu al-Qasim al-Habib Neishapuri (18th century), physician
• Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (c. 815–875), Islamic scholar
• Nurbakhshi (16th century), physician
• Abu Hafs Umar an-Nasafi, theologian, mufassir, muhaddith and historian
• Al-Nasa'i, hadith collector
• Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi, historian and biographer
• Abu Nu`aym, Islamic scholar

• Paul the Persian (6th century), philosopher

• Qazwini, Zakariya (1203–1283), physician
• Qumi, Qazi Sa’id (1633–1692), theologian
• Qumri (10th century), physician
• Ali Qushji (1403–16 December 1474), mathematician, astronomer and physician
• Ali al-Qari, Islamic scholar
• Ali Ibn Ibrahim Qomi, jurist and Shia scholar
• Al-Quda'i (d. 1062), judge, preacher and historian in Fatimid Egypt

• Razi, Amin (16th century), geographer
• Razi Amoli, Fakhreddin (1149–1209), philosopher
• Razi, Zakariya (Rhazes) (854–932), chemist and physicist
• Razi, Najmeddin (1177–1256), mystic
• Rumi, Jalal ad-Din Muhammad (1207–1273), Muslim poet, jurist, Islamic scholar, theologian, and Sufi mystic
• Rashid-al-Din Hamadani (1247–1318), historian, physician and politician
• Abu Hatim Ahmad ibn Hamdan al-Razi, Ismaili philosopher
• Rudaki (858-941), Persian Poet

• Sabzevari, Mulla Hadi (1797–1873), poet and philosopher
• Saghani Ostorlabi (?–990), astronomer
• Sahl, Fadl ibn (?–818), astronomer
• Sahl, Shapur ibn (?–869), physician
• Samarqandi, Najibeddin (13th century), physician
• Samarqandi, Ashraf (c. 1250–c. 1310), mathematician, astronomer
• Sarakhsi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad (?–1096), Islamic scholar
• Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib al-Sarakhsi, historian, traveller
• Shahrastani (1086–1153), historian of religions
• Shahrazuri (13th century), philosopher and physician
• Shahrazuri, Ibn al-Salah (1181–1245), Islamic scholar
• Shaykh Tusi (996–1067), Islamic scholar
• Ibn Babawayh (923–991), theologian
• Ibn Sahl, mathematician, physicist
• Abu ul-Ala Shirazi (d. 1001 CE), physician
• Shaykh Muhammad ibn Thaleb, physician
• Shirazi, Imad al-Din Mas'ud (16th century), physician
• Shirazi, Muhammad Hadi Khorasani (18th century), physician
• Shirazi, Qutbeddin (1236–1311), astronomer
• Shirazi, Mahmud ibn Ilyas (18th century), physician
• Shirazi, Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas (?–1330), physician
• Shirazi, Qurayshi (17th century), physician
• Shirazi, Sultan Waezin (1894–1971), theologian
• Sibawayh, linguist and grammarian
• Sijzi (c. 945–c. 1020), mathematician, astronomer and astrologer
• Sijzi, Mas'ud (14th century), physician
• Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (903–986), astronomer from Ray who invented the meridian ring
• Mūsā ibn Shākir, astronomer
• Suhrawardi, Shahab al-Din (1155–1191), philosopher
• Abu Sulayman Sijistani, philosopher
• ‘Abd ar-Razzaq as-San‘ani, Islamic scholar
• Zayn al-Din Omar Savaji, philosopher and logician
• Zeynalabdin Shirvani, geographer, philosopher and poet
• Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani, Ismaili philosopher
• Abu'l-'Anbas Saymari, astrologer

• Tabarani, Abu al-Qasim (873–970), Islamic scholar
• Tabari Amoli (839–923), historian
• Tabari, ibn Farrukhan (?–815), astrologer and architect
• Tabari, Abul Hasan (10th century), physician
• Tabari, Ibn Sahl (c. 783–c. 858), Jewish convert physician, master of Rhazes
• Tabrizi, Maqsud Ali (17th century), physician
• Taftazani (1322–1390), theologian, linguist
• Tayfur, Ibn Abi Tahir (819–893), linguist
• Tirmidhi (824–892), Islamic scholar
• Tunakabuni (17th century), physician
• Tughra'i (c. 1061–1122), physician
• Tusi, Nizam ol-Molk (1018–1092), Persian scholar and vizier of the Seljuq Empire
• Tusi, Nasireddin (1201–1274), Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian
• Tusi, Sharafeddin (?–1213/4), mathematician
• Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tha'labi, Islamic scholar
• 'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk, Persian or Turkish mathematician

• Safi al-Din al-Urmawi (c. 1216–1294 AD), musician
• Abu al‐Uqul al‐Tabari (14th century), Yemenite astronomer of Iranian origin

• Amin al-Din Rashid al-Din Vatvat (13th century), scholar and physician

• Waqidi (748–822), historian
• Wassaf, historian
• Al-Wabkanawi, astronomer

• Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq (?–796), mathematician and astronomer
• Yunus ibn Habib, linguist
• Yahya ibn Ma'in, Islamic scholar
• Yunus Al-Katib Al-Mughanni, musician
• Yahya ibn Abi Mansur (d. 830 CE), astronomer

• Zamakhshari (1074/5–1143/4), scholar and geographer
• Muhammad Zarrindast (11th century), oculist
• Zayn-e-Attar (?–c. 1403), physician
• Zarir Jurjani (9th century), mathematician and astronomer
• Zakariya al-Qazwini (d. 1283) physician, astronomer, geographer, and proto-science fiction writer

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Iranian_scholars

They were not sectarians....Since 1979, Iranians lost everything. Brain was first casualty.

@Rukarl

 

[Wilhelm II]

Unfortunately the very long period of british colonization has had it’s bad effects on minds of pakistanis so they can’t even imagine life without western services.


Iran the oldest country in the world

Tehran

Settlement of Tehran dates back over 7,000 years.[8] An important historical city in the area of modern-day Tehran, now absorbed by it, is known as "Rey", which is etymologically connected to the Old Persian and Avestan "Rhages".[9] The city was a major area of the Iranian speaking Medes and Achaemenids.

In the Zoroastrian Avesta's Videvdad (i, 15), Rhaga is mentioned as the twelfth sacred place created by Ahura-Mazda.[10] In the Old Persian inscriptions (Behistun 2, 10–18), Rhaga appears as a province. From Rhaga, Darius the Great sent reinforcements to his father Hystaspes, who was putting down the rebellion in Parthia (Behistun 3, 1–10).[10]

Rey is richer than many other ancient cities in the number of its historical monuments, among which one might refer to the 3000-year-old Gebri castle, the 5000-year-old Cheshmeh Ali hill, the 1000-year-old Bibi Shahr Banoo tomb and Shah Abbasi caravanserai. It has been home to pillars of science like Rhazes.

The Damavand mountain located near the city also appears in the Shahnameh as the place where Freydun bounds the dragon-fiend Zahak. Damavand is important in Persian mythological and legendary events.[11]Kyumars, the Zoroastrian prototype of human beings and the first king in the Shahnameh, was said to have resided in Damavand.[11] In these legends, the foundation of the city of Damavand was attributed to him.[11] Arash the Archer, who sacrificed his body by giving all his strength to the arrow that demarcated Iran and Turan, shot his arrow from Mount Damavand.[11]This Persian legend was celebrated every year in theTiregan festival. A popular feast is reported to have been held in the city of Damavand on 7 Shawwal 1230, or in Gregorian calendar, 31 August 1815. During the alleged feast the people celebrated the anniversary of Zahak's death.[11] In the Zoroastrian legends, the tyrant Zahak is to finally be killed by the Iranian hero Garshaspbefore the final days.[11]

In some Middle Persian texts, Rey is given as the birthplace of Zoroaster,[12] although modern historians generally place the birth of Zoroaster in Khorasan. In one Persian tradition, the legendary king Manuchehr was also born in Damavand.[11]

There is also a shrine there, dedicated to commemorate Princess Shahr Banu, eldest daughter of the last ruler of the Sassanid Empire. She gave birth to Ali Zayn al Abidin (PBUH), the fourth holy Imam of the Shia Islam. This was through her marriage to Hussain ibn Ali (PBUH), the grandson of prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

Tehran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rey, Iran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Zagros (Kermanshah)

Signs of early agriculture date back as far as 9000 BC to the foothills of the Zagros Mountains,[13] in cities later named Anshan and Susa. Jarmo is one archaeological site in this area. Shanidar, where the ancient skeletal remains of Neanderthals have been found, is another.

Some of the earliest evidence of wine production has been discovered in the Zagros Mountains; both the settlements of Hajji Firuz Tepe and Godin Tepe have given evidence of wine storage dating between 3500 and 5400 BC.[14]

During early ancient times, the Zagros was the home of peoples such as the Kassites, Guti, Assyrians, Elamites andMitanni, who periodically invaded the Sumerian and/orAkkadian cities of Mesopotamia. The mountains create a geographic barrier between the flatlands of Mesopotamia, which is in Iraq, and the Iranian plateau. A small archive ofclay tablets detailing the complex interactions of these groups in the early second millennium BC has been found at Tell Shemshara along the Little Zab.[15] Tell Bazmusian, near Shemshara, was occupied between the sixth millennium BCE and the ninth century CE, although not continuously.[16]

Zagros Mountains - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Kashan

Archeological discoveries in the Sialk Hillocks which lie 4 km west of Kashan reveal that this region was one of the primary centers of civilization in pre-historic ages. Hence Kashan dates back to the Elamite period of Iran. The Sialk ziggurat still stands today in the suburbs of Kashan after 7,000 years.

The artifacts uncovered at Sialk reside in the Louvre in Paris and the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art, and Iran's National Museum.

Sialk, and the entire area around it, is thought to have first originated as a result of the pristine large water sources nearby that still run today. The Cheshmeh ye Soleiman (or "Solomon's Spring") has been bringing water to this area from nearby mountains for thousands of years.

By some accounts although not all Kashan was the origin of the three wise men who followed the star that guided them to Bethlehem to witness the nativity of Jesus, as recounted in the Bible.[3] Whatever the historical validity of this story, the attribution of Kashan as their original home testifies to the city's prestige at the time the story was set down.

Sultan Malik Shah I of the Seljuk dynasty ordered the building of a fortress in the middle of Kashan in the 11th century. The fortress walls, called Ghal'eh Jalali still stand today in central Kashan.

Kashan was also a leisure vacation spot for SafaviKings. Bagh-e Fin (Fin Garden), specifically, is one of the most famous gardens of Iran. This beautiful garden with its pool and orchards was designed for Shah Abbas I as a classical Persian vision of paradise. The original Safavid buildings have been substantially replaced and rebuilt by the Qajar dynasty although the layout of trees and marble basins is close to the original. The garden itself however, was first founded 7000 years ago alongside the Cheshmeh-ye-Soleiman. The garden is also notorious as the site of the murder of Mirza Taghi Khan known as Amir Kabir, chancellor of Nasser-al-Din Shah, Iran's King in 1852.

Kashan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tepe Sialk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Chogha Mish

Tappeh-ye Choghā Mīsh (Persian language; ČOḠĀ MĪŠ) dating back to 6800 BC, is the site of a Chalcolithicsettlement in Western Iran, located in the Khuzistan Province on the Susiana Plain. It was occupied at the beginning of 6800 BC and continuously from the Neolithicup to the Proto-Literate period.

Musicians portrayed on pottery found at Chogha Mish

Chogha Mish was a regional center during the late Uruk period of Mesopotamia and is important today for information about the development of writing. At Chogha Mish, evidence begins with an accounting system using clay tokens, over time changing to clay tablets with marks, finally to the cuneiform writing system.

Chogha Mish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chogha Bonut - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Marhasi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Haft Tepe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chogha Zanbil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Signs of 9000-year-old settlement found in Iran's Behbahan


Lorestan

Lorestān bronze is a set of Early Iron Age bronze artifacts of various individual forms which have been recovered from Lorestān and Kermanshah areas in west-central Iran. They include a great number of weapons, ornaments, tools, and ceremonial objects. The artifacts were created by a major group of Persian aboriginals known as Lurs.

Lorestani Bronze objects were taken illegally to Europe via Mesopotamia and to cover up most of the items taken they called them Mesopotamian while in fact there are no similarities what so ever between the Persian Bronze objects excavated in Lorestan 1943 to 1968, which were dated to be from 5000 BC. The hair pins and four men holding a cup were typical of that period which once again separates Iranian development from whatever was going on in so called Sumerian areas. Typical Lorestāni-style objects belong to the (Iranian) Iron Age (c. 1250-650 BC).

The term "Lorestān bronze" is not normally used for earlier bronze artifacts from Luristan between the fourth millennium BC and the (Iranian) Bronze Age (c. 2900-1250 BC). These bronze objects were similar to those found in Mesopotamia and on the Iranian plateau.

Swords and axes from Lorestān; on exhibit at the Louvre Museum

Cave painting in Doushe cave, Lorestan, Iran, 8000 BC

In 1930 a large quantity of canonical Lorestān bronze artifacts appeared on the Iranian and European antiquities markets as a result of plundering of tombs in this region. Since 1938 several scientific excavations were conducted by American, Danish, British, Belgian, and Iranian archaeologists on the graveyards with stone tombs in the northern Pish Kuh valleys and the southern Pusht Kuh of Lorestān.

Lorestan Province - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lorestān Bronze - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Zayandeh River (Ispahan)

Zayandeh River Culture (تمدن زاینده رود, literally "Zāyandé-Rūd Civilization") is a hypothetical pre-historic culture that is theorized to have flourished around the Zayandeh River in Ispahan province of Iran in 6,000 BC.

Archaeologists speculate that a possible early civilizationexisted along the banks of the Zayandeh River, developing at the same time as other ancient civilizations appeared alongside rivers in the region.

Link with Sialk and Marvdasht civilizations

During the 2006 excavations, the Iranian archaeologistsuncovered some artifacts that they linked to those from Sialk and Marvdasht.[2]

Zayandeh River Culture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Shahdad (Kerman)

Shahdad (Persian: شهداد‎) is a city in and the capital of Shahdad District, in Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,097, in 1,010 families.

Shahdad is the centre of Shahdad district which includes smaller cities and villages such as Sirch, Anduhjerd, Chehar Farsakh, Go-diz, Keshit, Ibrahim Abad, Joshan and Dehseif.

The driving distance from Kermancity to Shahdad is 95 km. Shahdad is located at the edge of the Lut desert. The local climate is hot and dry. The main agricultural produce is date fruits.

Ancient bronze flag, Shahdad Kerman, Iran

There are many castles and caravanserais at Shahdad and around. Examples are the Shafee Abaad castle and the Godeez castle. North of town the Aratta civilization villageand dwarf humans are said to have existed since 6,000 BC. Sharain of emam Zadeh Zeyd, south of town, is the most respected religious site of Shahdad.

The oldest metal flag in human history was found in this city.

Shahdad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Tepe Yahya

Tepe Yahya is an archaeological site in Kermān Province,Iran, some 220 km south of Kerman city, 90 km south of Baft city and 90 km south-west of Jiroft.

Habitation spans the 6th to 2nd millennia BCE and the 10th to 4th centuries BCE. In the 3rd millennium BCE, the city was a production center of chlorite pottery which were exported to Mesopotamia. In this period, the area was under Elamite influence, and tablets with Proto-Elamite inscriptions were found. [1]

The site is a circular mound, around 20 meters in height and around 187 meters in diameter. [2] It was excavated in six seasons from 1967 to 1975 by the American School of Prehistoric Research of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology of Harvard University in a joint operation with what is now the Shiraz University. The expedition was under the direction of C. C. Lamberg-Karlovsky.

Periodization is as follows:
Period I Sasanian pre: 200 BC-400 A.D.
Period II Achaemenian(?): 275-500 B.C.
Period III Iron Age: 500-1000 B.C.
Period IV A Elamite?: 2200-2500 B.C.
IV B Proto-Elamite: 2500-3000 B.C.
IV C Proto-Elamite: 3000-3400 B.C.
Period V Yahya Culture: 3400-3800 B.C.
Period VI Coarse Ware-Neolithic: 3800-4500 B.C.
Period VII: 4500-5500 B.C.

Tepe Yahya - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Susa

Susa (ˈsuːsə/; Persian: شوش‎Shush; [ʃuʃ]; Hebrew שׁוּשָׁן Shushān;Greek: Σοῦσα [ˈsuːsa]; Syriac: ܫܘܫShush; Old Persian Çūšā) was an ancient city of the Elamite, First Persian Empire and Parthianempires of Iran. It is located in the lower Zagros Mountains about 250 km (160 mi) east of the Tigris River, between the Karkheh andDez Rivers.

The modern Iranian town of Shush is located at the site of ancient Susa. Shush is the administrative capital of the Shush County of Iran's Khuzestan province. It had a population of 64,960 in 2005.[1]


Map showing the area of the Elamite kingdom (in red) and the neighboring areas. The approximate Bronze Age extension of the Persian Gulf is shown.
In historic literature, Susa appears in the very earliest Sumerian records: for example, it is described as one of the places obedient to Inanna, patron deity of Uruk, in Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta.

Susa is also mentioned in the Ketuvim of the Hebrew Bibleby the name Shushan, mainly in Esther, but also once each in Nehemiah and Daniel. Both Daniel and Nehemiah lived in Susa during the Babylonian captivity of the 6th century BCE. Esther became queen there, and saved the Jews from genocide. A tomb presumed to be that of Daniel is located in the area, known as Shush-Daniel. The tomb is marked by an unusual white stone cone, which is neither regular nor symmetric. Many scholars believe it was at one point aStar of David. Susa is further mentioned in the Book of Jubilees (8:21 & 9:2) as one of the places within the inheritance of Shem and his eldest son Elam; and in 8:1, "Susan" is also named as the son (or daughter, in some translations) of Elam.

Greek mythology attributed the founding of Susa to kingMemnon of Aethiopia, a character from Homer's Trojan War epic, the Iliad.

Proto-Elamite

In urban history, Susa is one of the oldest-known settlements of the region. Based on C14 dating, the foundation of a settlement there occurred as early as 4395 BCE (a calibrated radio-carbon date).[2] Archeologists have dated the first traces of an inhabited Neolithic village to c 7000 BCE. Evidence of a painted-pottery civilization has been dated to c 5000 BCE.[3] Its name in Elamite was written variously Ŝuŝan, Ŝuŝun, etc. The origin of the wordSusa is from the local city deity Inshushinak. Like itsChalcolithic neighbor Uruk, Susa began as a discrete settlement in the Susa I period (c 4000 BCE). Two settlements called Acropolis (7 ha) and Apadana (6.3 ha) by archeologists, would later merge to form Susa proper (18 ha).[4] The Apadana was enclosed by 6m thick walls oframmed earth. The founding of Susa corresponded with the abandonment of nearby villages. Potts suggests that the city may have been founded to try to reestablish the previously destroyed settlement at Chogha Mish.[4] Susa was firmly within the Uruk cultural sphere during the Uruk period. An imitation of the entire state apparatus of Uruk,proto-writing, cylinder seals with Sumerian motifs, and monumental architecture, is found at Susa. Susa may have been a colony of Uruk. As such, the periodization of Susa corresponds to Uruk; Early, Middle and Late Susa II periods (3800–3100 BCE) correspond to Early, Middle, and Late Uruk periods.

By the middle Susa II period, the city had grown to 25 ha.[4]Susa III (3100–2900 BCE) corresponds with Uruk III period. Ambiguous reference to Elam (Cuneiform; NIM) appear also in this period in Sumerian records. Susa enters history during the Early Dynastic period of Sumer. A battle between Kish and Susa is recorded in 2700 BCE.

Susa Cemetery

Shortly after Susa was first settled 6000 years ago, its inhabitants erected a temple on a monumental platform that rose over the flat surrounding landscape. The exceptional nature of the site is still recognizable today in the artistry of the ceramic vessels that were placed as offerings in a thousand or more graves near the base of the temple platform. Nearly two thousand pots were recovered from the cemetery most of them now in theLouvre. The vessels found are eloquent testimony to the artistic and technical achievements of their makers, and they hold clues about the organization of the society that commissioned them.[5] Painted ceramic vessels from Susa in the earliest first style are a late, regional version of the Mesopotamian Ubaid ceramic tradition that spread across the Near East during the fifth millennium B.C.[5]

Susa I style was very much a product of the past and of influences from contemporary ceramic industries in the mountains of western Iran. The recurrence in close association of vessels of three types—a drinking goblet or beaker, a serving dish, and a small jar—implies the consumption of three types of food, apparently thought to be as necessary for life in the afterworld as it is in this one. Ceramics of these shapes, which were painted, constitute a large proportion of the vessels from the cemetery. Others are course cooking-type jars and bowls with simple bands painted on them and were probably the grave goods of the sites of humbler citizens as well as adolescents and, perhaps, children.[6] The pottery is carefully made by hand. Although a slow wheel may have been employed, the asymmetry of the vessels and the irregularity of the drawing of encircling lines and bands indicate that most of the work was done freehand.

Susa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Elam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sir they are too long iran was great I accept but please post summary of all